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Электронный компонент: DAC8512EP

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REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
a
+5 V, Serial Input
Complete 12-Bit DAC
DAC8512
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 617/329-4700
World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com
Fax: 617/326-8703
Analog Devices, Inc., 1996
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
REF
12-BIT DAC
DAC REGISTER
V
DD
V
OUT
GND
SERIAL REGISTER
12
12
CLR
LD
CS
CLK
SDI
FEATURES
Space Saving SO-8 or Mini-DIP Packages
Complete, Voltage Output with Internal Reference
1 mV/Bit with 4.095 V Full Scale
Single +5 Volt Operation
No External Components
3-Wire Serial Data Interface, 20 MHz Data Loading Rate
Low Power: 2.5 mW
APPLICATIONS
Portable Instrumentation
Digitally Controlled Calibration
Servo Controls
Process Control Equipment
PC Peripherals
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The DAC8512 is a complete serial input, 12-bit, voltage output
digital-to-analog converter designed to operate from a single
+5 V supply. It contains the DAC, input shift register and
latches, reference and a rail-to-rail output amplifier. Built using
a CBCMOS process, these monolithic DACs offer the user low
cost, and ease of use in +5 V only systems.
Coding for the DAC8512 is natural binary with the MSB loaded
first. The output op amp can swing to either rail and is set to a
range of 0 V to +4.095 V--for a one-millivolt-per-bit resolution.
It is capable of sinking and sourcing 5 mA. An on-chip reference
is laser trimmed to provide an accurate full-scale output voltage
of 4.095 V.
Serial interface is high speed, three-wire, DSP compatible with
data in (SDI), clock (CLK) and load strobe (LD). There is also
a chip-select pin for connecting multiple DACs.
A CLR input sets the output to zero scale at power on or upon
user demand.
The DAC8512 is specified over the extended industrial (40
C
to +85
C) temperature range. DAC8512s are available in plas-
tic DIPs and SO-8 surface mount packages.
1.0
1.0
4096
0.5
0.75
0
0
0.25
0.25
0.5
0.75
3072
2048
1024
DIGITAL INPUT CODE Decimal
LINEARITY ERROR LSB
Linearity Error vs. Digital Input Code
REV. A
2
DAC8512SPECIFICATIONS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Symbol
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
STATIC PERFORMANCE
Resolution
N
Note 2
12
Bits
Relative Accuracy
INL
E Grade
1
1/4
+1
LSB
F Grade
2
3/4
+2
LSB
Differential Nonlinearity
DNL
No Missing Codes
1
3/4
+1
LSB
Zero-Scale Error
V
ZSE
Data = 000
H
+1/2
+3
LSB
Full-Scale Voltage
V
FS
Data = FFF
H
3
E Grade
4.087
4.095
4.103
V
F Grade
4.079
4.095
4.111
V
Full-Scale Tempco
TCV
FS
Notes 3, 4
16
ppm/
C
ANALOG OUTPUT
Output Current
I
OUT
Data = 800
H
5
7
mA
Load Regulation at Full Scale
L
REG
R
L
= 402
to
, Data = 800
H
1
3
LSB
Capacitive Load
C
L
No Oscillation
4
500
pF
LOGIC INPUTS
Logic Input Low Voltage
V
IL
0.8
V
Logic Input High Voltage
V
IH
2.4
V
Input Leakage Current
I
IL
10
A
Input Capacitance
C
IL
10
pF
INTERFACE TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
1, 4
Clock Width High
t
CH
30
10
ns
Clock Width Low
t
CL
30
10
ns
Load Pulse Width
t
LDW
20
ns
Data Setup
t
DS
15
10
ns
Data Hold
t
DH
15
5
ns
Clear Pulse Width
t
CLRW
30
20
ns
Load Setup
t
LD1
15
ns
Load Hold
t
LD2
10
ns
Select
t
CSS
30
ns
Deselect
t
CSH
20
ns
AC CHARACTERISTICS
4
Voltage Output Settling Time
t
S
To
1 LSB of Final Value
5
16
s
DAC Glitch
15
nV s
Digital Feedthrough
15
nV s
SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
Positive Supply Current
I
DD
V
IH
= 2.4 V, V
IL
= 0.8 V, No Load
1.5
2.5
mA
V
DD
= 5 V, V
IL
= 0 V, No Load
0.5
1
mA
Power Dissipation
P
DISS
V
IH
= 2.4 V, V
IL
= 0.8 V, No Load
7.5
12.5
mW
V
DD
= 5 V, V
IL
= 0 V, No Load
2.5
5
mW
Power Supply Sensitivity
PSS
V
DD
=
5%
0.002
0.004
%/%
NOTES
1
All input control signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns (10% to 90% of +5 V) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V.
2
1 LSB = 1 mV for 0 V to +4.095 V output range.
3
Includes internal voltage reference error.
4
These parameters are guaranteed by design and not subject to production testing.
5
The settling time specification does not apply for negative going transitions within the last 6 LSBs of ground. Some devices exhibit double the typical settling time in
this 6 LSB region.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
(@ V
DD
= +5.0 V 5%, 40 C
T
A
+85 C, unless otherwise noted)
REV. A
3
DAC8512
WAFER TEST LIMITS
(@ V
DD
= +5.0 V 5%, T
A
= +25 C, applies to part number DAC8512GBC only, unless otherwise noted)
Parameter
Symbol
Condition
Min
Typ
Max
Units
STATIC PERFORMANCE
Relative Accuracy
INL
2
3/4
+2
LSB
Differential Nonlinearity
DNL
No Missing Codes
1
0.7
+1
LSB
Zero-Scale Error
V
ZSE
Data = 000
H
+1/2
+3
LSB
Full-Scale Voltage
V
FS
Data = FFF
H
4.085
4.095
4.105
V
LOGIC INPUTS
Logic Input Low Voltage
V
IL
0.8
V
Logic Input High Voltage
V
IH
2.4
V
Input Leakage Current
I
IL
10
A
SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
Positive Supply Current
I
DD
V
IH
= 2.4 V, V
IL
= 0.8 V, No Load
1.5
2.5
mA
V
DD
= 5 V, V
IL
= 0 V, No Load
0.5
1
mA
Power Dissipation
P
DISS
V
IH
= 2.4 V, V
IL
= 0.8 V, No Load
7.5
12.5
mW
V
DD
= 5 V, V
IL
= 0 V, No Load
2.5
5
mW
Power Supply Sensitivity
PSS
V
DD
=
5%
0.002
0.004
%/%
NOTE
Electrical tests are performed at wafer probe to the limits shown. Due to variations in assembly methods and normal yield loss, yield after packaging is not guaranteed
for standard product dice. Consult factory to negotiate specifications based on dice lot qualifications through sample lot assembly and testing.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
V
DD
to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V, +10 V
Logic Inputs to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V, V
DD
+ 0.3 V
V
OUT
to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V, V
DD
+ 0.3 V
I
OUT
Short Circuit to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 mA
Package Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (T
J
max T
A
)/
JA
Thermal Resistance
JA
8-Pin Plastic DIP Package (P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
C/W
8-Lead SOIC Package (S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
C/W
Maximum Junction Temperature (T
J
max) . . . . . . . . . +150
C
Operating Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
C to +85
C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
C to +150
C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 secs) . . . . . . . . . . . . +300
C
*Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause
permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability .
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection.
Although the DAC8512 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may
occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD
precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
ORDERING GUIDE
INL
Temperature
Package
Package
Model
(LSB) Range
Description
Option
DAC8512EP
1
40
C to +85
C 8-Pin P-DIP
N-8
DAC8512FP
2
40
C to +85
C 8-Pin P-DIP
N-8
DAC8512FS
2
40
C to +85
C 8-Lead SOIC SO-8
DAC8512GBC
2
+25
C
Dice
DAC8512
4
REV. A
CLR
t
csh
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D3
D4
D1
D2
D0
t
ld2
t
css
t
ld1
t
S
t
dh
t
ds
t
cl
t
ch
t
ldw
t
s
t
clrw
1 LSB
ERROR BAND
SDI
CLK
CS
SDI
CLK
FS
ZS
V
OUT
LD
LD
Figure 1. Timing Diagram
DATA
SHIFT
REGISTER
ESD PROTECTION DIODES TO V
DD
AND GND
SDI
CS
CLK
Figure 2. Equivalent Clock Input Logic
Table I. Control-Logic Truth Table
CS
2
CLK
2
CLR
LD
Serial Shift Register Function
DAC Register Function
H
X
H
H
No Effect
Latched
L
L
H
H
No Effect
Latched
L
H
H
H
No Effect
Latched
L
+
H
H
Shift-Register-Data Advanced One Bit
Latched
+
L
H
H
Shift-Register-Data Advanced One Bit
Latched
H
X
H
No Effect
Updated with Current Shift Register Contents
H
X
H
L
No Effect
Transparent
H
X
L
X
No Effect
Loaded with All Zeros
H
X
+
H
No Effect
Latched All Zeros
NOTES
l
+ positive logic transition;
negative logic transition; X = Don't Care.
2
CS
and CLK are interchangeable.
3
Returning CS HIGH avoids an additional "false clock" of serial data input.
4
Do not clock in serial data while LD is LOW.
DAC8512
5
REV. A
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
SO-8
P-DIP-8 & Cerdip-8
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
DAC8512
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
DAC8512
V
OUT
GND
CLR
LD
V
DD
CLK
SDI
CS
V
OUT
GND
CLR
LD
V
DD
CLK
SDI
CS
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Pin
Name
Description
1
V
DD
Positive Supply. Nominal value +5 V,
5%.
2
CS
Chip Select. Active low input.
3
CLK
Clock input for the internal serial input shift register.
4
SDI
Serial Data Input. Data on this pin is clocked into the
internal serial register on positive clock edges of the
CLK pin. The Most Significant Bit (MSB) is loaded
first.
5
LD
Active low input which writes the serial register data
into the DAC register. Asynchronous input.
6
CLR
Active low digital input that clears the DAC register to
zero, setting the DAC to minimum scale. Asynchronous
input.
7
GND Analog ground for the DAC. This also serves as the
digital logic ground reference voltage.
8
V
OUT
Voltage output from the DAC. Fixed output voltage
range of 0 V to 4.095 V with 1 mV/LSB. An internal
temperature stabilized reference maintains a fixed
full-scale voltage independent of time, temperature and
power supply variations.
DICE CHARACTERISTICS
SUBSTRATE IS COMMON WITH V
DD
.
NUMBER OF TRANSISTORS : 642
DIE SIZE: 0.055 inch
0.106 inch; 5830 sq mils
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7
8
V
DD
CS
CLK
SDI
LD
CLR
GND
GND
V
OUT
OPERATION
The DAC8512 is a complete ready to use 12-bit digital-to-analog
converter. It contains a voltage-switched, 12-bit, laser-trimmed
DAC, a curvature-corrected bandgap reference, a rail-to-rail
output op amp, a DAC register, and a serial data input register.
The serial data interface consists of a CLK, serial data in (SDI),
and a load strobe (LD). This basic 3-wire interface offers maxi-
mum flexibility for interface to the widest variety of serial data
input loading requirements. In addition a CS select is provided
for multiple packaging loading and a power on reset CLR pin to
simplify start or periodic resets.
D/A CONVERTER SECTION
The DAC is a 12-bit voltage mode device with an output that
swings from GND potential to the 2.5 volt internal bandgap
voltage. It uses a laser trimmed R-2R ladder which is switched
by N channel MOSFETs. The output voltage of the DAC has a
constant resistance independent of digital input code. The DAC
output is internally connected to the rail-to-rail output op amp.
AMPLIFIER SECTION
The DAC's output is buffered by a low power consumption pre-
cision amplifier. This amplifier contains a differential PNP pair
input stage which provides low offset voltage and low noise, as
well as the ability to amplify the zero-scale DAC output volt-
ages. The rail-to-rail amplifier is configured in a gain of 1.6384
(= 4.095 V/2.5 V) in order to set the 4.095 volt full-scale output
(1 mV/LSB). See Figure 3 for an equivalent circuit schematic of
the analog section.
R1
R2
V
OUT
RAIL-TO-RAIL
OUTPUT
AMPLIFIER
R
BANDGAP
REFERENCE
2R
R
2R
2R
2R
SPDT
N-CH FET
SWITCHES
2R
AV = 4.095/2.5
= 1.638V/V
VOLTAGE SWITCHED 12-BIT
R-2R D/A CONVERTER
BUFFER
2.5V
Figure 3. Equivalent DAC8512 Schematic of Analog
Portion
The op amp has a 16
s typical settling time to 0.01%. There
are slight differences in settling time for negative slowing signals
vs. positive. See the oscilloscope photos in the typical perfor-
mances section of this data sheet.
DAC8512
6
REV. A
OUTPUT SECTION
The rail-to-rail output stage of this amplifier has been designed
to provide precision performance while operating near either
power supply.
V
DD
V
OUT
AGND
N-CH
P-CH
Figure 4. Equivalent Analog Output Circuit
Figure 4 shows an equivalent output schematic of the rail-to-rail
amplifier with its N channel pull down FETs that will pull an
output load directly to GND. The output sourcing current is
provided by a P channel pull up device that can supply GND
terminated loads, especially at the low supply tolerance values of
4.75 volts. Figures 5 and 6 provide information on output swing
performance near ground and full-scale as a function of load. In
addition to resistive load driving capability the amplifier has also
been carefully designed and characterized for up to 500 pF ca-
pacitive load driving capability.
POWER SUPPLY
The very low power consumption of the DAC8512 is a direct
result of a circuit design optimizing use of the CBCMOS pro-
cess. By using the low power characteristics of the CMOS for
the logic, and the low noise, tight matching of the complemen-
tary bipolar transistors good analog accuracy is achieved.
For power consumption sensitive applications it is important to
note that the internal power consumption of the DAC8512 is
strongly dependent on the actual logic input voltage levels
present on the SDI, CS, LD, and CLR pins. Since these inputs
are standard CMOS logic structures they contribute static
power dissipation dependent on the actual driving logic V
OH
and
V
OL
voltage levels. The graph in Figure 9 shows the effect on to-
tal DAC8512 supply current as a function of the actual value of
input logic voltage. Consequently use of CMOS logic vs. TTL
minimizes power dissipation in the static state. A V
IL
= 0 V on
the SDI, CS and CLR pins provides the lowest standby power
dissipation of 2.5 mW (500
A
5 V).
As with any analog system, it is recommended that the DAC8512
power supply be bypassed on the same PC card that contains the
chip. Figure 10 shows the power supply rejection versus frequen-
cy performance. This should be taken into account when using
higher frequency switched mode power supplies with ripple fre-
quencies of 100 kHz and higher.
One advantage of the rail-to-rail output amplifier used in the
DAC8512 is the wide range of usable supply voltage. The part
is fully specified and tested over temperature for operation from
+4.75 V to +5.25 V. If reduced linearity and source current ca-
pability near full scale can be tolerated, operation of the DAC8512
is possible down to +4.3 volts. The minimum operating supply
voltage versus load current plot, in Figure 11, provides informa-
tion for operation below V
DD
= +4.75 V.
TIMING AND CONTROL
The DAC8512 has a separate serial input register from the
12-bit DAC register that allows preloading of a new data value
into the serial register without disturbing the present DAC out-
put voltage. After the new value is fully loaded in the serial in-
put register it can be asynchronously transferred to the DAC
register by strobing the LD pin. The DAC register uses a level
sensitive LD strobe that should be returned high before any
new data is loaded into the serial input register. At any time the
contents of the DAC register can be reset to zero by strobing
the CLR pin which causes the DAC output voltage to go to
zero volts. All of the timing requirements are detailed in Figure
1 along with the Table I Control-Logic Truth Table.
REV. A
7
Typical Performance Characteristics -- DAC8512
5
2
0
10
100
100k
10k
1k
1
3
4
LOAD RESISTANCE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE Volts
RL TIED TO AGND
D = FFFH
R
L
TIED TO AGND
DATA = FFF
H
V
DD
= +5V
T
A
= +25 C
R
L
TIED TO +5V
DATA = 000H
Figure 5. Output Swing vs. Load
TIME = 2ms/DIV
OUTPUT NOISE VOLTAGE 500
V/DIV
10
90
100
0%
SCALE = 100X
CODE = FFF
H
= 4095
10
BW = 630kHz
T
A
= +25 C
2mS
50mV
Figure 8. Broadband Noise
0.01
0.1
10
1.0
5.0
4.8
4.0
4.6
4.4
4.2
0.04
0.4
4.0
OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT mA
V
DD
MIN Volts
VFS
1 LSB
DATA = FFF
H
T
A
= +25 C
PROPER OPERATION
WHEN V
DD
SUPPLY
VOLTAGE ABOVE
CURVE
Figure 11. Minimum Supply Voltage
vs. Load
1
10
1000
100
100
1
0.01
0.1
10
OUTPUT SINK CURRENT A
OUTPUT PULL-DOWN VOLTAGE mV
V
DD
= +5V
DATA = 000
H
T
A
= +85 C
T
A
= 40 C
T
A
= +25 C
Figure 6. Pull-Down Voltage vs. Out-
put Sink Current Capability
4.0
0.0
5
0.8
0
2.4
1.6
3.2
3
2
4
1
LOGIC VOLTAGE VALUE Volts
SUPPLY CURRENT mA
V
DD
= +5V
T
A
= +25 C
NO LOAD
Figure 9. Supply Current vs. Logic
Input Voltage
2.028
2.018
2.048
2.038
0
5
TIME 200ns/DIV
V
OUT
Volts
LD
2048
10
TO 2047
10
V
DD
= 5V
T
A
= +25 C
Figure 12. Midscale DAC Glitch
Performance
80
100
60
80
1
20
40
0
20
40
60
3
2
OUTPUT VOLTAGE Volts
OUTPUT CURRENT mA
POS
0
CURRENT
0
LIMIT
0
NEG
CURRENT
LIMIT
DATA = 800
H
R
L
TIED TO +2V
Figure 7. Short Circuit Current
100
0
10
100
100k
10k
1k
60
80
20
40
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION dB
FREQUENCY Hz
V
DD
= +5V 200mV AC
T
A
= +25 C
DATA = FFF
H
Figure 10. Power Supply Rejection
vs. Frequency
10
90
100
0%
TIME = 20
s/DIV
20
s
1V
R
L
= NO LOAD
C
L
= 110pF
T
A
= +25 C
1V/DIV
Figure 13. Large Signal Settling Time
DAC8512 -- Typical Performance Characteristics
REV. A
8
0
5
V
DD
= +5V
T
A
= +25 C
R
L
= NO LOAD
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
1mV/DIV
TIME 10
s/DIV
LD
Figure 15. Fall Time Detail
4.115
4.075
125
4.085
4.080
25
50
4.095
4.090
4.100
4.105
4.110
100
75
50
25
0
TEMPERATURE C
FULL-SCALE OUTPUT Volts
V
DD
= +5V
NO LOAD
SS = 300 PCS
AVG 3
AVG + 3
AVG
Figure 18. Full-Scale Voltage vs.
Temperature
5
5
1200
2
4
200
3
0
1
1
0
2
3
4
1000
600
800
400
OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE mV
HOURS OF OPERATION AT +125 C
135 UNITS TESTED
READINGS NORMALIZED
TO ZERO HOUR TIME POINT
AVERAGE
RANGE
Figure 21. Long Term Drift Acceler-
ated by Burn-In
0
5
16
s
V
DD
= +5V
T
A
= +25 C
R
L
= NO LOAD
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
1mV/DIV
TIME 10
s/DIV
LD
Figure 14. Rise Time Detail
60
0
TOTAL UNADJUSTED ERROR mV
NUMBER OF UNITS
0
10
12
30
20
40
50
+12
+4
0
4
8
+8
TUE =
INL + ZS + FS
SS = 300 UNITS
TA = +25 C
Figure 17. Total Unadjusted Error
Histogram
10
0.1
0.01
10
100
100k
10k
1k
1
FREQUENCY Hz
V
DD
= +5V
T
A
= +25 C
DATA = FFF
H
OUTPUT NOISE DENSITY
V/
Hz
Figure 20. Output Voltage Noise vs.
Frequency
2.0
2.0
4096
1.0
1.5
512
0
0.0
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
3584
3072
2560
2048
1536
1024
DIGITAL INPUT CODE Decimal
LINEARITY ERROR LSB
V
DD
= +5V
T
A
= 40 C, +25 C, +85 C
+25 C & +85 C
40 C
Figure 16. Linearity Error vs. Digital
Code
3
1
125
0
25
50
1
2
100
75
50
25
0
TEMPERATURE C
ZERO-SCALE mV
DATA = 000
H
NO LOAD
V
DD
= +5.0V
Figure 19. Zero-Scale Voltage vs.
Temperature
4
0
125
1
25
50
2
3
100
75
50
25
0
TEMPERATURE C
SUPPLY CURRENT mA
V
LOGIC
= 2.4V
DATA = FFF
H
NO LOAD
V
DD
= +4.75V
V
DD
= +5.25V
V
DD
= +5.0V
Figure 22. Supply Current vs.
Temperature
DAC8512
9
REV. A
APPLICATIONS SECTION
Power Supplies, Bypassing, and Grounding
All precision converter products require careful application of
good grounding practices to maintain full rated performance.
Because the DAC8512 has been designed for +5 V applications,
it is ideal for those applications under microprocessor or micro-
computer control. In these applications, digital noise is preva-
lent; therefore, special care must be taken to assure that its
inherent precision is maintained. This means that particularly
good engineering judgment should be exercised when address-
ing the power supply, grounding, and bypassing issues using the
DAC8512.
The power supply used for the DAC8512 should be well filtered
and regulated. The device has been completely characterized for
a +5 V supply with a tolerance of
5%. Since a +5 V logic sup-
ply is almost universally available, it is not recommended to
connect the DAC directly to an unfiltered logic supply without
careful filtering. Because it is convenient, a designer might be
inclined to tap a logic circuit's supply for the DAC's supply.
Unfortunately, this is not wise because fast logic with nanosec-
ond transition edges induce high current pulses. The high tran-
sient current pulses can generate glitches hundreds of millivolts
in amplitude due to wiring resistances and inductances. This
high frequency noise will corrupt the analog circuits internal to
the DAC and cause errors. Even though their spike noise is
lower in amplitude, directly tapping the output of a +5 V system
supply can cause errors because these supplies are of the switch-
ing regulator type that can and do generate a great deal of high
frequency noise. Therefore, the DAC and any associated analog
circuitry should be powered directly from the system power sup-
ply outputs using appropriate filtering. Figure 23 illustrates how
a clean, analog-grade supply can be generated from a +5 V logic
supply using a differential LC filter with separate power supply
and return lines. With the values shown, this filter can easily
handle 100 mA of load current without saturating the ferrite
cores. Higher current capacity can be achieved with larger ferrite
cores. For lowest noise, all electrolytic capacitors should be low
ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) type.
100
F
ELECT
.
10-22
F
TANT.
0.1
F
CER.
TTL/CMOS
LOGIC
CIRCUITS
+5V
POWER SUPPLY
+5V
+5V
RETURN
FERRITE BEADS:
2 TURNS, FAIR-RITE
#2677006301
Figure 23. Properly Filtering a +5 V Logic Supply Can Yield
a High Quality Analog Supply
In order to fit the DAC8512 in an 8-pin package, it was neces-
sary to use only one ground connection to the device. The
ground connection of the DAC serves as the return path for
supply currents as well as the reference point for the digital in-
put thresholds. The ground connection also serves as the supply
rail for the internal voltage reference and the output amplifier.
Therefore, to minimize any errors, it is recommended that
the ground connection of the DAC8512 be connected to a high
quality analog ground, such as the one described above. Gener-
ous bypassing of the DAC's supply goes a long way in reducing
supply line-induced errors. Local supply bypassing consisting of
a 10
F tantalum electrolytic in parallel with a 0.1
F ceramic is
recommended. The decoupling capacitors should be connected
between the DAC's supply pin (Pin 1) and the analog ground
(Pin 7). Figure 24 shows how the ground and bypass connec-
tions should be made to the DAC8512.
6
2
GND
V
DD
8
DAC8512
10
F
0.1
F
V
OUT
1
+5V
TO ANALOG GROUND
CS
CLR
5
3
4
LD
SCLK
SDI
V
OUT
7
Figure 24. Recommended Grounding and Bypassing
Scheme for the DAC8512
Unipolar Output Operation
This is the basic mode of operation for the DAC8512. As shown
in Figure 24, the DAC8512 has been designed to drive loads as
low as 2 k
in parallel with 500 pF. The code table for this op-
eration is shown in Table II.
10
F
0.1
F
0V
V
OUT
4.095V
+5V
2k
500pF
6
2
V
DD
8
DAC8512
1
CS
CLR
5
3
4
LD
SCLK
SDI
7
GND
V
OUT
Figure 25. Unipolar Output Operation
Table II. Unipolar Code Table
Hexadecimal Number
Decimal Number
Analog Output
in DAC Register
in DAC Register
Voltage (V)
FFF
4095
+4.095
801
2049
+2.049
800
2048
+2.048
7FF
2047
+2.047
000
0
0
Typical Performance Characteristics--
DAC8512
10
REV. A
Operating the DAC8512 on +12 V or +15 V Supplies Only
Although the DAC8512 has been specified to operate on a
single, +5 V supply, a single +5 V supply may not be available in
many applications. Since the DAC8512 consumes no more than
2.5 mA, maximum, then an integrated voltage reference, such as
the REF02, can be used as the DAC8512 +5 V supply. The
configuration of the circuit is shown in Figure 26. Notice that
the reference's output voltage requires no trimming because of
the REF02's excellent load regulation and tight initial output
voltage tolerance. Although the maximum supply current of the
DAC8512 is 2.5 mA, local bypassing of the REF02's output
with at least 0.1
F at the DAC's voltage supply pin is recom-
mended to prevent the DAC's internal digital circuits from af-
fecting the DAC's internal voltage reference.
+12V OR +15V
0.1
F
4
REF02
6
2
0.1
F
6
2
8
DAC8512
V
OUT
1
5
3
4
7
GND
CS
CLR
LD
SCLK
SDI
V
DD
Figure 26. Operating the DAC8512 on +12 V or +15 V
Supplies Using a REF02 Voltage Reference
Measuring Offset Error
One of the most commonly specified endpoint errors associated
with real world nonideal DACs is offset error.
In most DAC testing, the offset error is measured by applying
the zero-scale code and measuring the output deviation from 0
volt. There are some DACs where offset errors may be present
but not observable at the zero scale because of other circuit limi-
tations (for example, zero coinciding with single-supply ground).
In these DACs, nonzero output at zero code cannot be read as
the offset error. In the DAC8512, for example, the zero-scale
error is specified to be
3 LSBs. Since zero scale coincides with
zero volt, it is not possible to measure negative offset error.
V
OUT
0.1
F
200
A, MAX
V
6
2
8
DAC8512
1
+5V
CS
CLR
5
3
4
LD
SCLK
SDI
R
7
SET CODE = 000
H
AND MEASURE V
OUT
GND
V
DD
Figure 27. Measuring Zero-Scale or Offset Error
By adding a pull-down resistor from the output of the DAC8412
to a negative supply as shown in Figure 27, offset errors can
now be read at zero code. This configuration forces the output
p-channel MOSFET to source current to the negative supply
thereby allowing the designer to determine in which direction the
offset error appears. The value of the resistor should be such that,
at zero code, current through the resistor is 200
A, maximum.
Bipolar Output Operation
Although the DAC8512 has been designed for single-supply op-
eration, bipolar operation is achievable using the circuit illus-
trated in Figure 28. The circuit uses a single-supply, rail-to-rail
OP295 op amp and the REF03 to generate the 2.5 V reference
required to level-shift the DAC output voltage. Note that the
2.5 V reference was generated without the use of precision resis-
tors. The circuit has been configured to provide an output
voltage in the range 5 V
V
OUT
+5 V and is coded in com-
plementary offset binary. Although each DAC LSB corresponds
to 1 mV, each output LSB has been scaled to 2.44 mV. Table
III provides the relationship between the digital codes and out-
put voltage.
The transfer function of the circuit is given by:
V
O
= 1 mV
Digital Code
R4
R1
+ 2.5
R4
R2
and, for the circuit values shown, becomes:
V
O
= 2.44 mV
Digital Code + 5 V
+5V
10
F
+
0.1
F
1
8
7
4
3
2
5
6
DAC8512
V
DD
GND
R1
10k
R2
12.7k
R3
247k
6
5
4
8
7
5V
V
O
+5V
+5V
5V
A2
P2
10k
ZERO SCALE
ADJUST
P3
500
R4
23.7k
FULL SCALE
ADJUST
2.5V
CLR
LD
CS
SCLK
SDI
0.1
F
+5V
REF03
A1
2.5V
0.01
F
100
P1
10k
2.5V
TRIM
2
6
5
4
2
1
3
A1, A2 = 1/2 OP295
Figure 28. Bipolar Output Operation
DAC8512
11
REV. A
Table III. Bipolar Code Table
Hexadecimal Number
Decimal Number
Analog Output
in DAC Register
in DAC Register
Voltage (V)
F
FF
4095
4.9976
801
2049
2.44E3
800
2048
0
7FF
2047
+2.44E3
000
0
+5
To maintain monotonicity and accuracy, R1, R2, and R4 should
be selected to match within 0.01% and must all be of the same
(preferably metal foil) type to assure temperature coefficient
matching. Mismatching between R1 and R2 causes offset and gain
errors while an R4 to R1 and R2 mismatch yields gain errors.
For applications that do not require high accuracy, the circuit
illustrated in Figure 29 can also be used to generate a bipolar
output voltage. In this circuit, only one op amp is used and no
potentiometers are used for offset and gain trim. The output
voltage is coded in offset binary and is given by:
V
O
= 1 mV
Digital Code
R4
R3
+
R4




1
+
R2
R1




2.5
R2
R1
43.2k + 499
R1
10k
10k
2.5V
5V
V
OUT
RANGE
R2
10k
20k
R3
10k
10k
R4
15.4k + 274
4
6
1
8
4
2
3
3
5
2
4
6
7
8
1
2
CS
CLR
LD
SCLK
SDI
V
DD
GND
DAC8512
+5V
0.1F
+2.5V
R1
R2
REF03
+5V
5V
A1 = 1/2 OP295
R3
R4
V
O
+5V
0.1F
A1
Figure 29. Bipolar Output Operation without Trim
For the
2.5 V output range and the circuit values shown in the
table, the transfer equation becomes:
V
O
= 1.22 mV
Digital Code 2.5 V
Similarly, for the
5 V output range, the transfer equation
becomes:
V
O
= 2.44 mV
Digital Code 5 V
Generating a Negative Supply Voltage
Some applications may require bipolar output configuration but
only have a single power supply rail available. This is very com-
mon in data acquisition systems using microprocessor-based
systems. In these systems, +12 V, +15 V, and/or +5 V are only
available. Shown in Figure 30 is a method of generating a nega-
tive supply voltage using one CD4049, a CMOS hex inverter,
operating on +12 V or +15 V. The circuit is essentially a charge
pump where two of the six are used as an oscillator. For the val-
ues shown, the frequency of oscillation is approximately 3.5 kHz
and is fairly insensitive to supply voltage because R1 > 2
R2.
The remaining four inverters are wired in parallel for higher out-
put current. The square wave output is level translated by C2 to
a negative-going signal, rectified using a pair of 1N4001s, and
then filtered by C3. With the values shown, the charge pump
will provide an output voltage of 5 V for current loadings in the
range 0.5 mA
I
OUT
10 mA with a +15 V supply and 0.5 mA
I
OUT
7 mA with a +12 V supply.
9
10
6
11
12
14
15
7
3
2
5
4
R2
5.1k
R1
510k
C1
0.02
F
C2
47
F
D1
1N4001
C3
47
F
1N5231
5.1V
ZENER
D2
1N4001
R3
470
5V
INVERTERS = CD4049
Figure 30. Generating a 5 V Supply When Only +12 V
or +15 V Is Available
A High-Compliance, Digitally Controlled Precision Current
Source
The circuit in Figure 31 shows the DAC8512 controlling a
high-compliance precision current source using an AMP05 in-
strumentation amplifier. The AMP05's reference pin becomes
the input, and the "old" inputs now monitor the voltage across a
precision current sense resistor, R
CS
. Voltage gain is set to unity,
so the transfer function is given by the following equation:
I
OUT
=
V
IN
R
CS
If R
CS
equals 100
, the output current is limited to +10 mA
with a 1 V input. Therefore, each DAC LSB corresponds to
2.4
A. If a bipolar output current is required, then the circuit
in Figure 28 can be modified to drive the AMP05's reference
pin with a
1 V input signal.
Potentiometer P1 trims the output current to zero with the in-
put at 0 V. Fine gain adjustment can be accomplished by adjust-
ing R1 or R2.
DAC8512
12
REV. A
9
18
1
2
17
R1
100k
7
6
R2
5k
P1
100k
5
4
11
0.1
F
15V
AMP05
10
R
CS
100
0mA
I
OUT
10mA
2.4
A/ BIT
12
0.1
F
+15V
+15V
0.1
F
4
REF02
6
2
0.1
F
R3
3k
R4
1k
8
6
2
8
DAC8512FZ
1
CS
CLR
5
3
4
LD
SCLK
SDI
7
Figure 31. A High-Compliance, Digitally Controlled
Precision Current Source
A Single-Supply, Programmable Current Source
The circuit in Figure 32 shows how the DAC8512 can be used
with an OP295 single-supply, rail-to-rail output op amp to pro-
vide a digitally programmable current sink from V
SOURCE
that
consumes less than 3.8 mA, maximum. The DAC's output volt-
age is applied across R1 by placing the 2N2222 transistor in the
OP295's feedback loop. For the circuit values shown, the full-
scale output current is 1 mA which is given by the following
equation:
I
OUT
=
DW
4.095V
R1
where DW = DAC8512's binary digital input code.
FULL-SCALE
ADJUST
A1 = 1/2 OP295
+5V
6
2
8
DAC8512FP
1
CS
CLR
5
3
4
LD
SCLK
SDI
7
3
2
A1
1
+5V
0.1
F
V
S
LOAD
2N2222
R1
4.02k
P1
200
Figure 32. A Single-Supply, Programmable Current
Source
The usable output voltage range of the current sink is +5 V to
+60 V. The low limit of the range is controlled by transistor
saturation, and the high limit is controlled by the collector-base
breakdown voltage of the 2N2222.
A Digitally Programmable Window Detector
A digitally programmable, upper/lower limit detector using two
DAC8512s is shown in Figure 33. The required upper and
lower limits for the test are loaded into each DAC individually
by controlling HDAC/LDAC. If a signal at the test input is not
within the programmed limits, the output will indicate a logic
zero which will turn the red LED on.
2
1
1/6
74HC05
HDAC/LDAC
CLR
+5V
1k
C1
C2
+5V
12
3
2
1
4
6
7
5
+5V
R1
604
RED LED
T1
3
4
+5V
R2
604
GREEN LED
T1
PASS/FAIL
C1, C2 = 1/4 CMP-404
1/6
74HC05
V
IN
LD
SCLK
SDI
0.1
F
+5V
2
6
8
DAC8512
1
5
3
4
7
0.1
F
+5V
2
6
8
DAC8512
1
5
3
4
7
0.1
F
Figure 33. A Digitally Programmable Window Detector
DAC8512
13
REV. A
Opto-Isolated Interfaces for Process Control Environments
In many process control type applications, it is necessary to pro-
vide an isolation barrier between the controller and the unit be-
ing controlled. Opto-isolators can provide isolation in excess of
3 kV. The serial loading structure of the DAC8512 makes it
ideal for opto-isolated interfaces as the number of interface lines
is kept to a minimum.
Illustrated in Figure 34 is an opto-isolated interface using the
DAC8512. In this circuit, the CS line is always LOW to enable
the DAC, and the 10 k
/1
F combination connected to the
DAC's CLR pin sets a turn-on time constant of 10 ms to reset
the DAC upon application of power. Three opto-couplers are
then used for the SDI, SCLK, and LD lines.
Often times reducing the number of interface lines to two lines
is required in many control environments. The circuit illustrated
in Figure 35 shows how to convert a two-line interface into the
three control lines required to control the DAC8512 without us-
ing one shots. This technique uses a counter to keep track of the
clock cycles and, when all the data has been input to the DAC,
the external logic generates the LD pulse.
0.1
F
+5V
5
6
8
DAC8512
1
CS
3
4
7
2
0.1
F
10k
+5V
VOUT
+5V
+5V
+5V
10k
SCLK
10k
SDI
10k
LD
LD
SCLK
SDI
+5V
REG
+5V
POWER
HIGH VOLTAGE
ISOLATION
Figure 34. An Opto-Isolated DAC Interface
+5V
+5V
10k
10k
SCLK
SDI
+5V
REG
+5V
POWER
HIGH VOLTAGE
ISOLATION
74HC161
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
CLR
CLK
A
B
C
D
ENP
GND
V
CC
RCO
Q
A
Q
B
Q
C
Q
D
ENT
LOAD
+5V
10k
NC
NC
NC
0.1
F
+5V
+5V
10k
X
1
2
3
Y
4
5
6
1/4 74HCOO
1/4 74HCOO
V
DD
0.1
F
3
5
8
DAC8512
1
+5V
4
LD
SCLK
SDI
7
6
CLR
GND
V
OUT
CS
2
+5V
10k
1
F
Figure 35. A Two-Wire, Opto-lsolated DAC Interface
DAC8512
14
REV. A
COUNTER
CLK
Q
D
Q
C
Q
B
Q
A
LOAD
(X)
DAC8512
CLK (Y)
DAC8512 CLK = LOAD
SCLK
LOAD = Q
C
Q
D
LOAD DAC
Figure 36. Opto-lsolated Two-Wire Serial Interface Timing Diagram
The timing diagram of Figure 36 can be used to understand the
operation of the circuit. Only two opto-couplers are used in the
circuit; one for SCLK and one for SDI. The 74HC161 counter
in incremented on every rising edge of the clock. Additionally,
the data is loaded into the DAC8512 on the falling edge of the
clock by inverting the serial clock using gate "Y." The timing
diagram shows that after the twelfth bit has been clocked the
output of the counter is binary 1011. On the very next rising
clock edge, the output of the counter changes to binary 1100
upon which the output of gate "X" goes LOW to generate the
LD
pulse. The LD signal is connected to both the DAC's LD
and the counter's LOAD pins to prevent the thirteenth rising
clock edge from advancing the DAC's internal shift register.
This prevents false loading of data into the DAC8512. Inverting
the DAC's serial clock allows sufficient time from the CLK edge
to the LD edge, and from the LD edge to the next clock pulse
all of which satisfies the timing requirements for loading the
DAC8512.
After loading one address of the DAC, the entire process can re-
peated to load another address. If the loading is complete, then
the clock must stop after the thirteenth pulse of the final load.
The DAC's clock input will be pulled high and the counter reset
to zero. As was shown in Figure 35, both the 74HC161's and
the DAC8512's CLR pins are connected to a simple R-C timing
circuit that resets both ICs when the power in turned on. The
circuit's time constant should be set longer than the power sup-
ply turn-on time and, in this circuit, is set to 10 ms, which
should be adequate for most systems. This same two-wire inter-
face can be used for other three-wire serial input DACs.
Decoding Multiple DAC8512s
The CS function of the DAC8512 can be used in applications
to decode a number of DACs. In this application, all DACs re-
ceive the same input data; however, only one of the DAC's CS
input is asserted to transfer its serial input register contents into
the destination DAC register. In this circuit, shown in Figure 37,
the CS timing is generated by a 74HC139 decoder and should
follow the DAC8512's standard timing requirements. To pre-
vent timing errors, the 74HC139 should not be activated by its
V
OUT3
DAC8512
#3
V
OUT2
DAC8512
#2
V
OUT1
DAC8512
#1
8
4
5
2
3
6
V
CC
1G
1A
1B
2G
2A
2B
GND
1Y0
1Y1
1Y2
1Y3
2Y0
2Y1
2Y2
2Y3
12
1k
+5V
16
1
2
3
15
14
13
8
11
10
9
7
6
5
4
NC
NC
NC
NC
+5V
ENABLE
CODED
ADDRESS
C1
0.1
F
74HC139
V
OUT4
DAC8512
#4
+5V
R1
1k
SCLK
SDI
LD
8
4
5
2
3
6
8
4
5
2
3
6
8
4
5
2
3
6
Figure 37. Decoding Multiple DAC8512s Using the CS Pin
ENABLE input while the coded address inputs are changing. A
simple timing circuit, R1 and C1, connected to the DACs' CLR
pins resets all DAC outputs to zero during power-up.
DAC8512
15
REV. A
A Digitally Controlled, Ultralow Noise VCA
The circuit in Figure 38 illustrates how the DAC8512 can be
used to control an ultralow noise VCA, using the AD600/
AD602. The AD600/AD602 is a dual, low noise, wideband,
variable gain amplifier based on the X-AMP topology.* Both
channels of the AD600 are wired in parallel to achieve a
wideband VCA which exhibits an RTI (Referred To Input)
noise voltage spectral density of approximately 1 nV/
Hz
. The
output of the VCA requires an AD844 configured in a gain of 4
to account for signal loss due to input and output 50
termina-
tions. As configured, the total gain in the circuit is 40 dB.
Since the output of the DAC8512 is single quadrant, it was nec-
essary to offset the AD600's gain control voltage so that the gain
of the circuit is 0 dB for zero scale and 40 dB at full scale. This
was achieved by setting C1LO and C2LO to +625 mV using R1
and R2. Next, the output of the DAC8512 was scaled so that
the gain of the AD600 equaled 20 dB when the digital input
code equaled 800
H
. The frequency response of the VCA as a
function of digital code is shown in Figure 39.
*For more details regarding the AD600 or AD602, please consult the AD600/
AD602 data sheet.
+70
+20
30
100k
100M
10M
1M
10k
+30
+40
+50
+60
20
10
0
+10
FREQUENCY Hz
SYSTEM GAIN dB
4095
3072
2048
1024
0
Figure 39. VCA Frequency Response vs. Digital Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
REF
AD600JN
V+
V
0.1
F
0.1
F
6
2
DAC8512FZ
8
7
CS
CLR
1
0.1
F
V+
1
F
R6
2.26k
R7
1k
0
VG
1.25V
5
LD
3
SCLK
4
SDI
R1
619
R2
4.32k
V+
+625mV
6
3
2
0.1
F
0.1
F
V+
V
OUT
0.01dB/BIT
10
F
+5V
10
F
5V
V+
V
FB = FAIR RITE
#2743001111
SUPPLY DECOUPLING NETWORK
V
R5
806
R3
402
R4
402
R4
49.9
V
I N
AD844
Figure 38. A Digitally Controlled, Ultralow Noise VCA
DAC8512
16
REV. A
A Serial DAC, Audio Volume Control
The DAC8512 is well suited to control digitally the gain or at-
tenuation of a voltage controlled amplifier. In professional audio
mixing consoles, music synthesizers, and other audio processors,
VCAs, such as the SSM2018, adjust audio channel gain and at-
tenuation from front panel potentiometers. The VCA provides a
clean gain transition control of the audio level when the slew
rate of the analog input control voltage, V
C
, is properly chosen.
The circuit in Figure 40 illustrates a volume control application
using the DAC8512 to control the attenuation of the SSM2018.
6
2
DAC8512
8
+15V
7
CS
CLR
1
0.1
F
4
REF02
6
2
18k
10pF
470k
P1
100k
10M
OFFSET
TRIM
47pF
SYMMETRY
TRIM
P2
500k
V
OUT
+15V
15V
30k
+15V
15V
0.1
F
0.1
F
+15V
18k
V
IN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
SSM2018
+5V
0.1
F
C
CON
1
F
R6
825
R7
1k
*
0V
V
C
+2.24V
* PRECISION RESISTOR
PT146
1k
COMPENSATOR
5
LD
3
SCLK
4
SDI
Figure 40. A Serial DAC, Audio Volume Control
Since the supply voltage available in these systems is typically
15 V or
18 V, a REF02 is used to supply the +5 V required
to power the DAC. No trimming of the reference is required be-
cause of the reference's tight initial tolerance and low supply
current consumption of the DAC8512. The SSM2018 is config-
ured as a unity-gain buffer when its control voltage equals 0
volt. This corresponds to a 000
H
code from the DAC8512.
Since the SSM2018 exhibits a gain constant of 28 mV/dB
(typical), the DAC's full-scale output voltage has to be scaled
down by R6 and R7 to provide 80 dB of attenuation when the
Table IV. SSM-2018 VCA Attenuation vs.
DAC8512 Input Code
Hexadecimal Number
Control
VCA
in DAC Register
Voltage (V)
Attenuation (dB)
000
0
0
400
+0.56
20
800
+1.12
40
C00
+1.68
60
FFF
+2.24
80
digital code equals FFF
H
. Therefore, every DAC LSB corre-
sponds to 0.02 dB of attenuation. Table IV illustrates the at-
tenuation vs. digital code of the volume control circuit.
To compensate for the SSM2018's gain constant temperature
coefficient of 3300 ppm/
C, a 1 k
, temperature-sensitive re-
sistor (R7) manufactured by the Precision Resistor Company
with a temperature coefficient of +3500 ppm/
C is used. A
C
CON
of 1
F provides a control transition time of 1 ms which
yields a click-free change in the audio channel attenuation. Sym-
metry and offset trimming details of the VCA can be found in
the SSM2018 data sheet.
Information regarding the PT146 1 k
"Compensator" can be
obtained by contacting:
Precision Resistor Company, Incorporated
10601 75th Street North
Largo, Fl 34647
(813) 541-5771
An Isolated, Programmable, 4-20 mA Process Controller
In many process control system, applications, two-wire current
transmitters are used to transmit analog signals through noisy
environments. These current transmitters use a "zero-scale" sig-
nal current of 4 mA that can be used to power the transmitter's
signal conditioning circuitry. The "full-scale" output signal in
these transmitters is 20 mA. The converse approach to process
control can also be used; a low-power, programmable current
source can be used to control remotely located sensors or de-
vices in the loop.
A circuit that performs this function is illustrated in Figure 41.
Using the DAC8512 as the controller, the circuit provides a
programmable output current of 4 mA to 20 mA, proportional
to the DAC's digital code. Biasing for the controller is provided
by the REF02 and requires no external trim for two reasons:
(1) the REF02's tight initial output voltage tolerance and (2) the
low supply current consumption of both the OP90 and the
DAC8512. The entire circuit, including opto-couplers, con-
sumes less than 3 mA from the total budget of 4 mA. The OP90
regulates the output current to satisfy the current summation at
the noninverting node of the OP-90. The KCL equation at
Pin 3 is given by:
I
OUT
=
1
R7
1 mV
Digital Code
R3
R1
+
V
REF
R3
R2




DAC8512
17
REV. A
CLR
LD
SCLK
SCI
DAC8512
1
7
8
6
5
3
4
R1
200k
P1
10k
20mA
ADJUST
R3
80.6k
D1
R2
976k
P2
50
4mA
ADJUST
R4
54.9k
R5
100k
R6
150
Q1
2N1711
REF02
6
2
4
420mA
OP90
3
2
7
6
4
R7
100
ILQ-1
CLK
SCLK
+5V
10k
360
REPEAT FOR SDI, LD, & CLR
D1 = HP5082-2810
R
L
100
V
LOOP
+12 TO +40V
Figure 41. An Isolated, Programmable, 4-20 mA Process Controller
For the values shown in Figure 41,
I
OUT
= 3.9
A
Digital Code + 4 mA
giving a full-scale output current of 20 mA when the
DAC8512's digital code equals FFF
H
. Offset trim at 4 mA is
provided by P2, and P1 provides the circuit's gain trim at 20 mA.
These two trims do not interact because the noninverting input
of the OP90 is at virtual ground. The Schottky diode, D1, is re-
quired in this circuit to prevent loop supply power-on transients
from pulling the noninverting input of the OP90 more than
300 mV below its inverting input. Without this diode, such tran-
sients could cause phase reversal of the OP90 and possible
latchup of the controller. The loop supply voltage compliance of
the circuit is limited by the maximum applied input voltage to
the REF02 and is from +12 V to +40 V.
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING
DAC8512MC68HC11 Interface
The circuit illustrated in Figure 42 shows a serial interface be-
tween the DAC8512 and the MC68HC11 8-bit microcontrol-
ler. SCK of the 68HC11 drives SCLK of the DAC8512, while
the MOSI output drives the serial data line, SDI, of the
DAC8512. The DAC's CLR, LD, and CS signals are derived
from port lines PC1, PD5, and PC0, respectively, as shown.
For correct operation of the serial interface, the 68HC11 should
be configured such that its CPOL bit is set to 1 and its CPHA
bit is also set to 1. When the serial data is to be transmitted to
the DAC, PC0 is taken low, asserting the DAC's CS input.
When the 68HC11 is configured in this manner, serial data on
PC1
PC0
SCK
MOSI
SS
CLK
SDI
LD
MC68HC11*
DAC8512*
CS
CLR
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
Figure 42. DAC8512MC68HC11 Interface
MOSI is valid on the rising edge of SCLK. The 68HC11 trans-
mits its serial data in 8-bit bytes (MSB first), with only eight ris-
ing clock edges occurring in the transmit cycle. To load data to
the DAC8512's input serial register, PC0 is left low after the
first eight bits are transferred, and a second byte of data is then
transferred serially to the DAC8512. During the second byte
load, the first four most significant bits of the first byte are
pushed out of the DAC's input shift register. At the end of the
second byte load, PC0 is then taken high. To prevent an acci-
dental advancing of the internal shift register, SCLK must al-
ready be asserted before PC0 is taken high. To transfer the
contents of the input shift register to the DAC register, PD5 is
taken low, asserting the DAC's LD input. The DAC's CLR in-
put, controlled by the 68HC11's PC1 port, provides an asyn-
chronous clear function, setting the DAC output to zero.
Included in this section is the source code for operating the
DAC8512--M68HC11 interface.
DAC8512
18
REV. A
DAC8512M68HC11 Interface Program Source Code
*
PORTC
EQU
$1003
Port C control register
*
"0,0,0,0;0,0,CLR/,CS/"
DDRC
EQU
$1007
Port C data direction
PORTD
EQU
$1008
Port D data register
*
"0,0,LD/,SCLK;SDI,0,0,0
DDRD
EQU
$1009
Port D data direction
SPCR
EQU
$1028
SPI control register
*
"SPIE,SPE,DWOM,MSTR;CPOL,CPHA,SPRl,SPR0"
SPSR
EQU
$1029
SPI status register
*
"SPIF,WCOL,0,MODF;0,0,0,0"
SPDR
EQU
$102A
SPI data register; Read-Buffer; Write-Shifter
*
* SDI RAM variables:
SDI1 is encoded from 0 (Hex) to F (Hex)
*
SDI2 is encoded from 00 (Hex) to FF (Hex)
*
DAC requires two 8-bit loads; upper 4 bits of SDI1
*
are ignored.
*
SDI1
EQU
$00
SDI packed byte 1 "0,0,0,0;MSB,DB10,DB9,DB8"
SDI2
EQU
$01
SDI packed byte 2 "DB7,DB6,DB5,DB4;DB3,DB2,DB1,DB0"
*
ORG
$C000
Start of user's RAM in EVB
INIT
LDS
#$CFFF
Top of C page RAM
*
LDAA
#$03
0,0,0,0;0,0,1,1
*
CLR/-Hi, CS/-Hi
STAA
PORTC
Initialize Port C Outputs
LDAA
#$03
0,0,0,0;0,0,1,1
STAA
DDRC
CLR/ and CS/ are now enabled as outputs
*
LDAA
#$30
0,0,1,1;0,0,0,0
*
LDI-Hi,SCLK-Hi,SDI-Lo
STAA
PORTD
Initialize Port D Outputs
LDAA
#$38
0,0,1,1;1,0,0,0
STAA
DDRD
LD/,SCLK, and SDI are now enabled as outputs
*
LDAA
#$5F
STAA
SPCR
SPI is Master,CPHA=1,CPOL=1,Clk rate=E/32
*
BSR
UPDATE
Xfer 2 8-bit words to DAC8512
JMP
$E000
Restart BUFFALO
*
UPDATE
PSHX
Save registers X, Y, and A
PSHY
PSHA
*
LDAA
#$0A
0,0,0,0;1,0,1,0
STAA
SDI1
SDI1 is set to 0A (Hex)
*
LDAA
#$AA
1,0,1,0;1,0,1,0
STAA
SDI2
SDI2 is set to AA (Hex)
*
LDX
#SDI1
Stack pointer at 1st byte to send via SDI
LDY
#$1000
Stack pointer at on-chip registers
*
BCLR
PORTC,Y
$02 Assert CLR/
BSET
PORTC,Y
$02 De-assert CLR/
*
BCLR
PORTC,Y
$01 Assert CS/
*
DAC8512
19
REV. A
TFRLP
LDAA
0,X
Get a byte to transfer via SPI
STAA
SPDR
Write SDI data reg to start xfer
*
WAIT
LDAA
SPSR
Loop to wait for SPIF
BPL
WAIT
SPIF is the MSB of SPSR
*
(when SPIF is set, SPSR is negated)
INX
Increment counter to next byte for xfer
CPX
#SDI2+1
Are we done yet ?
BNE
TFRLP
If not, xfer the second byte
*
*Update DAC output with contents of DAC register
*
BCLR
PORTD,Y
$20 Assert LD/
BSET
PORTD,Y
$20 Latch DAC register
*
BSET
PORTC,Y
$01 De-assert CS/
PULA When done, restore registers X, Y & A
PULY
PULX
RTS
** Return to Main Program **
DAC8512
20
REV. A
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
C1734xx11/96
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
8-Pin Plastic DIP (P Suffix)
0.160 (4.06)
0.115 (2.93)
0.430 (10.92)
0.348 (8.84)
0.280 (7.11)
0.240 (6.10)
0.070 (1.77)
0.045 (1.15)
0.022 (0.558)
0.014 (0.356)
0.325 (8.25)
0.300 (7.62)
0.015 (0.381)
0.008 (0.204)
0.195 (4.95)
0.115 (2.93)
0.130
(3.30)
MIN
0.210
(5.33)
MAX
0.015
(0.381) TYP
4
5
8
1
0
- 15
0.100
(2.54)
BSC
SEATING
PLANE
8-Pin Cerdip (Z Suffix)
0.005 (0.13) MIN
0.055 (1.4) MAX
0.405 (10.29) MAX
0.150
(3.81)
MIN
0.200
(5.08)
MAX
0.070 (1.78)
0.030 (0.76)
0.200 (5.08)
0.125 (3.18)
0.023 (0.58)
0.014 (0.36)
0.320 (8.13)
0.290 (7.37)
0.015 (0.38)
0.008 (0.20)
0.060 (1.52)
0.015 (0.38)
0
-15
0.100 (2.54)
BSC
SEATING PLANE
4
1
5
8
0.310 (7.87)
0.220 (5.59)
8-Lead SOIC (S Suffix)
SEATING
PLANE
SEE DETAIL
ABOVE
4
5
8
1
0.0688 (1.75)
0.0532 (1.35)
0.0098 (0.25)
0.0075 (0.19)
0.1574 (4.00)
0.1497 (3.80)
0.2440 (6.20)
0.2284 (5.80)
0.1968 (5.00)
0.1890 (4.80)
0.0192 (0.49)
0.0138 (0.35)
0.0500
(1.27)
BSC
0.0098 (0.25)
0.0040 (0.10)
45
0.0196 (0.50)
0.0099 (0.25)
0.0500 (1.27)
0.0160 (0.41)
PIN 1
0
- 8