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REV. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
a
ADE7759
*
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781/329-4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781/326-8703
Analog Devices, Inc., 2001
Active Energy Metering IC with
di/dt Sensor Interface
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
AVDD
RESET
DVDD
DGND
ZX
SAG
CF
V1P
V1N
V2N
V2P
TEMP
SENSOR
ADC
ADC
DFC
ADE7759
APOS[15:0]
LPF2
MULTIPLIER
INTEGRATOR
MULTIPLIER
CLKIN CLKOUT
DIN DOUT SCLK
REF
IN/OUT
CS
IRQ
AGND
APGAIN[11:0]
dt
REGISTERS AND
SERIAL INTERFACE
CFNUM[11:0]
CFDEN[11:0]
2.4V
REFERENCE
4k
PHCAL[7:0]
HPF1
LPF1
FEATURES
High Accuracy, Supports IEC 687/1036
On-Chip Digital Integrator Allows Direct Interface with
Current Sensors with di/dt Output Such as Rogowski Coil
Less Than 0.1% Error over a Dynamic Range of 1000 to 1
On-Chip User-Programmable Threshold for Line Voltage
SAG Detection and PSU Supervisory
The ADE7759 Supplies Sampled Waveform Data
and
Active Energy (40 Bits)
Digital Power, Phase and Input DC Offset Calibration
On-Chip Temperature Sensor (Typical 1 LSB/ C Resolution)
SPI-Compatible Serial Interface
Pulse Output with Programmable Frequency
Interrupt Request Pin (IRQ) and IRQ Status Register
Proprietary ADCs and DSP provide High Accuracy over
Large Variations in Environmental Conditions and Time
Reference 2.4 V
8% (20 ppm/ C Typical) with External
Overdrive Capability
Single 5 V Supply, Low Power Consumption (25 mW
Typical)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADE7759 is an accurate active power and energy measurement
IC with a serial interface and a pulse output. The ADE7759 incor-
porates two second order
- ADCs, a digital integrator (on CH1),
reference circuitry, temperature sensor, and all the signal processing
required to perform active power and energy measurement.
An on-chip digital integrator allows direct interface to di/dt
current sensors such as a Rogowski coil. The digital integrator
eliminates the need for an external analog integrator and pro-
vides excellent long-term stability and precise phase matching
between the current and the voltage channels. The integrator
can be switched off if the ADE7759 is used with conventional
current sensors.
The ADE7759 contains a sampled Waveform register and an Active
Energy register capable of holding at least 11.53 seconds of accumu-
lated power at full ac load. Data is read from the ADE7759 via the
serial interface. The ADE7759 also provides a pulse output (CF)
with frequency that is proportional to the active power.
In addition to active power information, the ADE7759 also
provides various system calibration features, i.e., channel offset
correction, phase calibration, and power offset correction. The
part also incorporates a detection circuit for short duration
voltage drop (SAG). The voltage threshold and the duration (in
number of half-line cycles) of the drop are user programmable.
An open drain logic output (
SAG) goes active low when a sag
event occurs.
A zero crossing output (ZX) produces an output that is synchro-
nized to the zero crossing point of the line voltage. This output
can be used to extract timing or frequency information from the
line. The signal is also used internally to the chip in the line
cycle energy accumulation mode; i.e., the number of half-line
cycles in which the energy accumulation occurs can be con-
trolled. Line cycle energy accumulation enables a faster and
more precise energy accumulation and is especially useful dur-
ing calibration. This signal is also useful for synchronization of
relay switching with a voltage zero crossing.
The interrupt request output is an open drain, active low logic
output. The Interrupt Status Register indicates the nature of the
interrupt, and the Interrupt Enable Register controls which
event produces an output on the
IRQ pin. The ADE7759 is
available in a 20-lead SSOP package.
*U.S. Patents 5,745,323; 5,760,617; 5,862,069; 5,872,469; others pending.
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ADE7759
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PIN CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
TERMINOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
MEASUREMENT ERROR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
PHASE ERROR BETWEEN CHANNELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ADC OFFSET ERROR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
GAIN ERROR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
GAIN ERROR MATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (TPC) . . 9
TEST CIRCUITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
ANALOG INPUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
di/dt CURRENT SENSOR AND DIGITAL
INTEGRATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
ZERO CROSSING DETECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
LINE VOLTAGE SAG DETECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Sag Level Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
POWER SUPPLY MONITOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
INTERRUPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Using the ADE7759 Interrupts with an MCU . . . . . . . . . 15
Interrupt Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Antialias Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ADC Transfer Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Reference Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
CHANNEL 1 ADC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Channel 1 ADC Gain Adjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Channel 1 Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 WAVEFORM
SAMPLING MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
CHANNEL 2 ADC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Channel 2 Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
PHASE COMPENSATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
ACTIVE POWER CALCULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ENERGY CALCULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Integration Time under Steady Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
POWER OFFSET CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
ENERGY-TO-FREQUENCY CONVERSION . . . . . . . . . 22
LINE CYCLE ENERGY ACCUMULATION MODE . . . 24
CALIBRATING THE ENERGY METER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Calculating the Average Active Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Calibrating the Frequency at CF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Energy Meter Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
CLKIN FREQUENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
SUSPENDING THE ADE7759 FUNCTIONALITY . . . . 26
APPLICATION INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
SERIAL INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Serial Write Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Serial Read Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
CHECKSUM REGISTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Communications Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Mode Register (06H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Interrupt Status Register (04H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Reset Interrupt Status Register (05H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
CH1OS Register (08H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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ADE7759
SPECIFICATIONS
1
Parameter
Spec
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
ENERGY MEASUREMENT ACCURACY
Measurement Bandwidth
14
kHz
CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz
Measurement Error
1
on Channel 1
Channel 2 = 300 mV rms/60 Hz, Gain = 1
Channel 1 Range = 0.5 V Full-Scale
Gain = 1
0.1
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 2
0.1
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 4
0.1
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 8
0.1
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 16
0.2
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Channel 1 Range = 0.25 V Full-Scale
Gain = 1
0.1
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 2
0.1
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 4
0.1
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 8
0.2
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 16
0.2
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Channel 1 Range = 0.125 V Full-Scale
Gain = 1
0.1
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 2
0.1
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 4
0.2
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 8
0.2
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Gain = 16
0.4
% typ
Over a Dynamic Range 1000 to 1
Phase Error
1
between Channels
0.05
max
Line Frequency = 45 Hz to 65 Hz, HPF on
AC Power Supply Rejection
1
AV
DD
= DV
DD
= 5 V + 175 mV rms/120 Hz
Output Frequency Variation (CF)
0.2
% typ
Channel 1 = 20 mV rms/60 Hz, Gain = 16, Range = 0.5 V
Channel 2 = 300 mV rms/60 Hz, Gain = 1
DC Power Supply Rejection
1
AV
DD
= DV
DD
= 5 V
250 mV dc
Output Frequency Variation (CF)
0.3
% typ
Channel 1 = 20 mV rms/60 Hz, Gain = 16, Range = 0.5 V
Channel 2 = 300 mV rms/60 Hz, Gain = 1
ANALOG INPUTS
See Analog Inputs Section
Maximum Signal Levels
0.5
V max
V1P, V1N, V2N, and V2P to AGND
Input Impedance (DC)
390
k
min
Bandwidth
14
kHz
CLKIN/256, CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz
Gain Error
1, 3
External 2.5 V Reference, Gain = 1 on Channel 1 and 2
Channel 1
Range = 0.5 V Full-Scale
4
% typ
V1 = 0.5 V dc
Range = 0.25 V Full-Scale
4
% typ
V1 = 0.25 V dc
Range = 0.125 V Full-Scale
4
% typ
V1 = 0.125 V dc
Channel 2
4
% typ
V2 = 0.5 V dc
Gain Error Match
1
External 2.5 V Reference
Channel 1
Range = 0.5 V Full-Scale
0.3
% typ
Gain = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Range = 0.25 V Full-Scale
0.3
% typ
Gain = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Range = 0.125 V Full-Scale
0.3
% typ
Gain = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Channel 2
0.3
% typ
Gain = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Offset Error
1
Channel 1
10
mV max
Gain = 1
Channel 2
10
mV max
Gain = 1
WAVEFORM SAMPLING
Sampling CLKIN/128, 3.579545 MHz/128 = 27.9 kSPS
Channel 1
See Channel 1 Sampling
Signal-to-Noise plus Distortion
62
dB typ
150 mV rms/60 Hz, Range = 0.5 V, Gain = 2
Bandwidth (3 dB)
14
kHz
CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz
Channel 2
See Channel 2 Sampling
Signal-to-Noise plus Distortion
52
dB typ
150 mV rms/60 Hz, Gain = 2
Bandwidth (3 dB)
156
Hz
CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz
(AV
DD
= DV
DD
= 5 V
5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, On-Chip Reference, CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz XTAL,
T
MIN
to T
MAX
= 40 C to +85 C unless otherwise noted.)
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ADE7759SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter
Spec
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
REFERENCE INPUT
REF
IN/OUT
Input Voltage Range
2.6
V max
2.4 V + 8%
2.2
V min
2.4 V 8%
Input Capacitance
10
pF max
ON-CHIP REFERENCE
Nominal 2.4 V at REF
IN/OUT
Pin
Reference Error
200
mV max
Current Source
10
A max
Output Impedance
4
k
min
Temperature Coefficient
20
ppm/
C typ
CLKIN
Note All Specifications CLKIN of 3.579545 MHz
Input Clock Frequency
4
MHz max
1
MHz min
LOGIC INPUTS
RESET, DIN, SCLK, CLKIN, and CS
Input High Voltage, V
INH
2.4
V min
DV
DD
= 5 V
5%
Input Low Voltage, V
INL
0.8
V max
DV
DD
= 5 V
5%
Input Current, I
IN
3
A max
Typically 10 nA, V
IN
= 0 V to DV
DD
Input Capacitance, C
IN
10
pF max
LOGIC OUTPUTS
SAG and IRQ
Open Drain Outputs, 10 k
pull-up resistor
Output High Voltage, V
OH
4
V min
I
SOURCE
= 5 mA
Output Low Voltage, V
OL
0.4
V max
I
SINK
= 0.8 mA
ZX and DOUT
Output High Voltage, V
OH
4
V min
I
SOURCE
= 5 mA
Output Low Voltage, V
OL
0.4
V max
I
SINK
= 0.8 mA
CF
Output High Voltage, V
OH
4
V min
I
SOURCE
= 5 mA
Output Low Voltage, V
OL
1
V max
I
SINK
= 7 mA
POWER SUPPLY
For Specified Performance
AV
DD
4.75
V min
5 V 5%
5.25
V max
5 V + 5%
DV
DD
4.75
V min
5 V 5%
5.25
V max
5 V + 5%
AI
DD
3
mA max
Typically 2.0 mA
DI
DD
4
mA max
Typically 3.0 mA
NOTES
1
See Terminology section for explanation of specifications.
2
See plots in Typical Performance Characteristics.
3
See Analog Inputs section.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
(continued)
REV. 0
ADE7759
5
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
1, 2
Parameter
A, B Versions
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
Write Timing
t
1
20
ns (min)
CS Falling Edge to First SCLK Falling Edge
t
2
150
ns (min)
SCLK Logic High Pulsewidth
t
3
150
ns (min)
SCLK Logic Low Pulsewidth
t
4
10
ns (min)
Valid Data Setup Time Before Falling Edge of SCLK
t
5
5
ns (min)
Data Hold Time After SCLK Falling Edge
t
6
6.4
s (min)
Minimum Time between the End of Data Byte Transfers
t
7
4
s (min)
Minimum Time between Byte Transfers During a Serial Write
t
8
100
ns (min)
CS Hold Time After SCLK Falling Edge
Read Timing
t
9
4
s (min)
Minimum Time between Read Command (i.e., a Write to Communications
Register) and Data Read
t
10
4
s (min)
Minimum Time between Data Byte Transfers During a Multibyte Read
t
11
3
30
ns (min)
Data Access Time After SCLK Rising Edge following a Write to the Communi-
cations Register
t
12
4
100
ns (max)
Bus Relinquish Time After Falling Edge of SCLK
10
ns (min)
t
13
4
100
ns (max)
Bus Relinquish Time After Rising Edge of
CS
10
ns (min)
NOTES
1
Sample tested during initial release and after any redesign or process change that may affect this parameter. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns
(10% to 90%) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V.
2
See Figures 2 and 3 and Serial Interface section of this data sheet.
3
Measured with the load circuit in Figure 1 and defined as the time required for the output to cross 0.8 V or 2.4 V.
4
Derived from the measured time taken by the data outputs to change 0.5 V when loaded with the circuit in Figure 1. The measured number is then extrapolated back
to remove the effects of charging or discharging the 50 pF capacitor. This means that the time quoted in the timing characteristics is the true bus relinquish time of
the part and is independent of the bus loading.
(AV
DD
= DV
DD
= 5 V
5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, On-Chip Reference, CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz
XTAL, T
MIN
to T
MAX
= 40 C to +85 C unless otherwise noted.)
t
7
t
5
t
4
CS
SCLK
DIN
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
DB7
MOST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
1
DB0
DB7
DB0
LEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
0
0
COMMAND BYTE
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
6
t
7
t
8
Figure 2. Serial Write Timing
CS
SCLK
DIN
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
0
0
0
t
1
t
10
DOUT
DB7
MOST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
LEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
COMMAND BYTE
DB0
DB7
DB0
t
13
t
12
t
9
t
11
t
11
Figure 3. Serial Read Timing
TO
OUTPUT
PIN
2.1V
1.6mA
I
OH
I
OL
200 A
C
L
50pF
Figure 1. Load Circuit for Timing Specifications
REV. 0
ADE7759
6
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
*
(T
A
= 25
C unless otherwise noted)
AV
DD
to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V to +7 V
DV
DD
to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V to +7 V
DV
DD
to AV
DD
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V to +0.3 V
Analog Input Voltage to AGND
V
1P
, V
1N
, V
2P
,
and V
2N
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 V to +6 V
Reference Input Voltage to AGND . . 0.3 V to AV
DD
+ 0.3 V
Digital Input Voltage to DGND . . . . 0.3 V to DV
DD
+ 0.3 V
Digital Output Voltage to DGND . . . 0.3 V to DV
DD
+ 0.3 V
Operating Temperature Range
Industrial (A, B Versions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
C to +85C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
C to +150C
Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
C
20-Lead SSOP, Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 mW
JA
Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
C/W
Lead Temperature, Soldering
Vapor Phase (60 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
C
Infrared (15 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
C
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-
nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the ADE7759 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on
devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are
recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
ORDERING GUIDE
Model
Package Option
*
ADE7759ARS
RS-20
ADE7759ARSRL
RS-20
EVAL-ADE7759E
ADE7759 Evaluation Board
*RS = Shrink Small Outline Package in tubes; RSRL = Shrink Small
Outline Package in reel.
REV. 0
7
ADE7759
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin No.
Mnemonic
Description
1
RESET
Reset Pin for the ADE7759. A logic low on this pin will hold the ADCs and digital circuitry
(including the serial interface) in a reset condition.
2
DV
DD
Digital Power Supply. This pin provides the supply voltage for the digital circuitry in the ADE7759.
The supply voltage should be maintained at 5 V
5% for specified operation. This pin should be
decoupled to DGND with a 10
F capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF capacitor.
3
AV
DD
Analog Power Supply. This pin provides the supply voltage for the analog circuitry in the ADE7759.
The supply should be maintained at 5 V
5% for specified operation. Every effort should be made
to minimize power supply ripple and noise at this pin by the use of proper decoupling method.
This pin should be decoupled to AGND with a 10
F capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF
capacitor.
4, 5
V1P, V1N
Analog Inputs for Channel 1. This channel is intended for use with the di/dt current transducers
such as Rogowski coil, or other current sensors such as shunt or current transformer (CT). These
inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with maximum differential input signal levels of
0.5 V,
0.25 V and 0.125 V, depending on the full scale selection--See Analog Inputs section. Channel
1 also has a PGA with gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16. The maximum signal level at these pins
with respect to AGND is
0.5 V. Both inputs have internal ESD protection circuitry. In addition,
an overvoltage of
6 V can be sustained on these inputs without risk of permanent damage.
6, 7
V2N, V2P
Analog Inputs for Channel 2. This channel is intended for use with the voltage transducer. These inputs
are fully differential voltage inputs with a maximum differential signal level of
0.5 V. Channel 2
also has a PGA with gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16. The maximum signal level at these pins
with respect to AGND is
0.5 V. Both inputs have internal ESD protection circuitry, and an over-
voltage of
6 V can be sustained on these inputs without risk of permanent damage.
8
AGND
This pin provides the ground reference for the analog circuitry in the ADE7759, i.e., ADCs and
reference. This pin should be tied to the analog ground plane or the quietest ground reference in
the system. This quiet ground reference should be used for all analog circuitry, e.g., antialiasing
filters, current and voltage transducers, etc. In order to keep ground noise around the ADE7759
to a minimum, the quiet ground plane should be connected to the digital ground plane at only
one point. It is acceptable to place the entire device on the analog ground plane--see Application
Information section.
9
REF
IN/OUT
This pin provides access to the on-chip voltage reference. The on-chip reference has a nominal
value of 2.4 V
8% and a typical temperature coefficient of 20 ppm/C. An external reference
source may be connected at this pin. In either case this pin should be decoupled to AGND with
a 1
F capacitor in parallel with a 100 nF capacitor.
10
DGND
This provides the ground reference for the digital circuitry in the ADE7759, i.e., multiplier, filters,
and frequency output (CF). Because the digital return currents in the ADE7759 are small, it is
acceptable to connect this pin to the analog ground plane of the system--see Application Information
section. However, high bus capacitance on the DOUT pin may result in noisy digital current that
affects performance.
11
CF
Calibration Frequency Logic Output. The CF logic output gives Active Power information. This
output is intended to be used for operational and calibration purposes. The full-scale output fre-
quency can be adjusted by writing to the APGAIN, CFNUM and CFDEN Registers--see Energy
to Frequency Conversion section.
PIN CONFIGURATION
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
ADE7759
RESET
DIN
DV
DD
DOUT
AV
DD
SCLK
V1P
CS
V1N
CLKOUT
V2N
CLKIN
V2P
IRQ
AGND
SAG
REF
IN/OUT
ZX
DGND
CF
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
REV. 0
ADE7759
8
Pin No.
Mnemonic
Description
12
ZX
Voltage Waveform (Channel 2) Zero Crossing Output. This output toggles logic high and low at
the zero crossing of the differential signal on Channel 2--see Zero Crossing Detection section.
13
SAG
This open drain logic output goes active low when either no zero crossings are detected or a low
voltage threshold (Channel 2) is crossed for a specified duration. See Line Voltage Sag Detec-
tion section.
14
IRQ
Interrupt Request Output. This is an active low open drain logic output. Maskable interrupts
include Active Energy register rollover, Active Energy register at half-full, zero crossing,
SAG, and
arrivals of new waveform samples--See Interrupts section.
15
CLKIN
Master Clock for ADCs and Digital Signal Processing. An external clock can be provided at this
logic input. Alternatively, a parallel resonant AT crystal can be connected across CLKIN and
CLKOUT to provide a clock source for the ADE7759. The clock frequency for specified opera-
tion is 3.579545 MHz. Ceramic load capacitors of between 10 pF to 30 pF should be used with
the gate oscillator circuit. Refer to crystal manufacturers data sheet for load capacitance requirements.
16
CLKOUT
A crystal can be connected across this pin and CLKIN as described above to provide a clock source
for the ADE7759. The CLKOUT pin can drive one CMOS load when either an external clock is
supplied at CLKIN or a crystal is being used.
17
CS
Chip Select. Part of the 4-wire SPI Serial Interface. This active low logic input allows the ADE7759 to
share the serial bus with several other devices. See Serial Interface section.
18
SCLK
Serial Clock Input for the Synchronous serial interface. All serial data transfers are synchronized to
this clock--see Serial Interface section. The SCLK has a Schmitt-trigger input for use with a clock
source that has a slow edge transition time, e.g., opto-isolator outputs.
19
DOUT
Data Output for the Serial Interface. Data is shifted out at this pin on the rising edge of SCLK.
This logic output is normally in a high impedance state unless it is driving data onto the serial data
bus--see Serial Interface section.
20
DIN
Data Input for the Serial Interface. Data is shifted in at this pin on the falling edge of SCLK--see
Serial Interface section.
TERMINOLOGY
MEASUREMENT ERROR
The error associated with the energy measurement made by the
ADE7759 is defined by the following formula:
Percentage Error
Energy registered by the ADE
True Energy
True Energy
=
7759
PHASE ERROR BETWEEN CHANNELS
The digital integrator and the HPF1 (High-Pass Filter) in Channel
1 have nonideal phase response. To offset this phase response
and equalize the phase response between channels, two phase
correction networks are placed in Channel 1: one for the digital
integrator and the other for the HPF1. Each phase correction
network corrects the phase response of the corresponding com-
ponent and ensures a phase match between Channel 1 (current)
and Channel 2 (voltage) to within
0.1 over a range of 45 Hz
to 65 Hz and
0.2 over a range 40 Hz to 1 kHz.
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION
This quantifies the ADE7759 measurement error as a percent-
age of reading when the power supplies are varied.
For the ac PSR measurement a reading at nominal supplies
(5 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same input
signal levels when an ac (175 mV rms/120 Hz) signal is intro-
duced onto the supplies. Any error introduced by this ac signal
is expressed as a percentage of reading--see Measurement Error
definition above. For the dc PSR measurement a reading at
nominal supplies (5 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained
with the same input signal levels when the supplies are varied
5%.
Any error introduced is again expressed as a percentage of reading.
ADC OFFSET ERROR
This refers to the dc offset associated with the analog inputs to the
ADCs. It means that with the analog inputs connected to AGND
the ADCs still see a dc analog input signal. The magnitude of the
offset depends on the gain and input range selection--see
characteristic curves. However, when HPF1 is switched on, the
offset is removed from Channel 1 (current) and the power calcu-
lation is not affected by this offset. The offsets may be removed
by performing an offset calibration--see Analog Inputs section.
GAIN ERROR
The gain error in the ADE7759 ADCs is defined as the difference
between the measured ADC output code (minus the offset) and
the ideal output code--see Channel 1 ADC and Channel 2
ADC. It is measured for each of the input ranges on Channel 1
(0.5 V, 0.25 V and 0.125 V). The difference is expressed as a
percentage of the ideal code.
GAIN ERROR MATCH
The Gain Error Match is defined as the gain error (minus the offset)
obtained when switching between a gain of 1 (for each of the
input ranges) and a gain of 2, 4, 8, or 16. It is expressed as a
percentage of the output ADC code obtained under a gain of 1.
This gives the gain error observed when the gain selection is
changed from 1 to 2, 4, 8, or 16.
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS (continued)
REV. 0
9
ADE7759
CURRENT A
0.5
ERROR %
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 1
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 1
TPC 1. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator OFF, Power
Factor = 1, Internal Reference, Gain = 1)
CURRENT A
0.5
ERROR
%
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
40 C, PF = 1
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 1
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
TPC 2. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator OFF, Power
Factor = 1, External Reference, Gain = 1)
CURRENT A
0.5
0.01
ERROR
%
0.1
1
10
100
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 4
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 1
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 1
TPC 3. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator OFF, Power
Factor = 1, Internal Reference, Gain = 4)
CURRENT A
0.5
0.01
ERROR
%
0.1
1
10
100
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 0.5
TPC 4. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator OFF, Power
Factor = 0.5, Internal Reference, Gain = 1)
CURRENT A
0.5
0.01
ERROR
%
0.1
1
10
100
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 0.5
TPC 5. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator OFF, Power
Factor = 0.5, External Reference, Gain = 1)
CURRENT A
0.5
0.01
ERROR
%
0.1
1
10
100
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 4
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 0.5
TPC 6. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator OFF, Power
Factor = 0.5, Internal Reference, Gain = 4)
Typical Performance Characteristics
REV. 0
ADE7759
10
CURRENT A
0.5
0.01
ERROR
%
0.1
1
10
100
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 4
INTEGRATOR OFF
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 1
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 1
TPC 7. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator OFF, Power
Factor = 1, External Reference, Gain = 4)
CURRENT A
0.5
0.01
ERROR
%
0.1
1
10
100
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 4
INTEGRATOR ON
INTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 1
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 1
TPC 8. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator ON, Power
Factor = 1, Internal Reference, Gain = 4)
CURRENT A
0.5
0.01
ERROR
%
0.1
1
10
100
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 4
INTEGRATOR ON
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 1
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 1
TPC 9. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator ON, Power
Factor = 1, External Reference, Gain = 4)
CURRENT A
0.5
0.01
ERROR
%
0.1
1
10
100
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 4
INTEGRATOR OFF
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 0.5
TPC 10. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator OFF,
Power Factor = 0.5, External Reference, Gain = 4)
CURRENT A
1.5
0.01
ERROR
%
0.1
1
10
100
1.3
0.3
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 4
INTEGRATOR ON
INTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 0.5
0.5
0.1
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.1
TPC 11. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator ON, Power
Factor = 0.5, Internal Reference, Gain = 4)
CURRENT A
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
FULL SCALE = 0.5V
GAIN = 4
INTEGRATOR ON
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
40 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 1
+85 C, PF = 0.5
+25 C, PF = 0.5
1.5
ERROR
%
1.3
0.3
0.5
0.1
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.1
TPC 12. Error as a % of Reading (Integrator ON, Power
Factor = 0.5, External Reference, Gain = 4)
REV. 0
ADE7759
11
GAIN (CH1)
RB
1
4
10
2.5
V
DD
10 F
10 F
100nF
100nF
AVDD DVDD
RESET
DIN
DOUT
SCLK
CS
CLKOUT
CLKIN
IRQ
SAG
ZX
CF
AGND DGND
V1P
V1N
V2N
V2P
REF
IN/OUT
U1
ADE7759
TO SPI BUS
(USED ONLY FOR
CALIBRATION)
22pF
22pF
Y1
3.58MHz
NOT CONNECTED
U3
TO
FREQUENCY
COUNTER
PS2501-1
I
1k
33nF
1k
33nF
1k
33nF
600k
110V
1k
33nF
10 F
100nF
RB
CT TURN RATIO = 1800:1
CHANNEL 2 GAIN = 1
Test Circuit 1. Performance Curve (Integrator OFF)
V
DD
10 F
10 F
100nF
100nF
AVDD DVDD
RESET
DIN
DOUT
SCLK
CS
CLKOUT
CLKIN
IRQ
SAG
ZX
CF
AGND DGND
V1P
V1N
V2N
V2P
REF
IN/OUT
U1
ADE7759
TO SPI BUS
(USED ONLY FOR
CALIBRATION)
22pF
22pF
Y1
3.58MHz
NOT CONNECTED
U3
PS2501-1
I
di/dt CURRENT
SENSOR
100
1k
33nF
33nF
100
1k
33nF
33nF
1k
33nF
600k
110V
1k
33nF
10 F
100nF
CHANNEL 1 GAIN = 4
CHANNEL 2 GAIN = 1
TO
FREQUENCY
COUNTER
Test Circuit 2. Performance Curve (Integrator ON)
ANALOG INPUTS
The ADE7759 has two fully differential voltage input channels.
The maximum differential input voltage for input pairs V1P/V1N
and V2P/V2N are
0.5 V. In addition, the maximum signal level
on analog inputs for V1P/V1N and V2P/V2N are
0.5 V with
respect to AGND.
Each analog input channel has a PGA (Programmable Gain
Amplifier) with possible gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16.
The gain selections are made by writing to the Gain register--
see Figure 5. Bits 0 to 2 select the gain for the PGA in Channel 1
and the gain selection for the PGA in Channel 2 is made via
Bits 5 to 7. Figure 4 shows how a gain selection for Channel 1
is made using the Gain register.
V1P
V1N
V
IN
K V
IN
+
GAIN[7:0]
GAIN (K)
SELECTION
OFFSET ADJUST
( 50mV)
CH1OS[7:0]
BIT 0 to 5: SIGN MAGNITUDE CODED OFFSET CORRECTION
BIT 6: NOT USED
BIT 7: DIGITAL INTEGRATOR (ON = 1, OFF = 0; DEFAULT ON)
Figure 4. PGA in Channel 1
In addition to the PGA, Channel 1 also has a full-scale input
range selection for the ADC. The ADC analog input range
selection is also made using the Gain register--see Figure 2. As
mentioned previously the maximum differential input voltage is
0.5 V. However, by using Bits 3 and 4 in the Gain register, the
maximum ADC input voltage can be set to 0.5 V, 0.25 V, or
0.125 V. This is achieved by adjusting the ADC reference--see
Reference Circuit section. Table I summarizes the maximum
differential input signal level on Channel 1 for the various ADC
range and gain selections.
Table I. Maximum Input Signal Levels for Channel 1
Max Signal
ADC Input Range Selection
Channel 1
0.5 V
0.25 V
0.125 V
0.5 V
Gain = 1
0.25 V
Gain = 2
Gain = 1
0.125 V
Gain = 4
Gain = 2
Gain = 1
0.0625 V
Gain = 8
Gain = 4
Gain = 2
0.0313 V
Gain = 16
Gain = 8
Gain = 4
0.0156 V
Gain = 16
Gain = 8
0.00781 V
Gain = 16
GAIN REGISTER*
CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 PGA CONTROL
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ADDR:
0AH
*REGISTER CONTENTS
SHOW POWER-ON DEFAULTS
PGA 2 GAIN SELECT
000 = 1
001 = 2
010 = 4
011 = 8
100 = 16
PGA 1 GAIN SELECT
000 = 1
001 = 2
010 = 4
011 = 8
100 = 16
CHANNEL 1 FULL SCALE SELECT
00 = 0.5V
01 = 0.25V
10 = 0.125V
Figure 5. Analog Gain Register
Test Circuits
REV. 0
ADE7759
12
It is also possible to adjust offset errors on Channel 1 and Channel 2
by writing to the Offset Correction registers (CH1OS and CH2OS
respectively). These registers allow channel offsets in the range
24 mV to 50 mV (depending on the gain setting) to be removed.
Note that it is not necessary to perform an offset correction in an
energy measurement application if HPF1 Channel 1 is switched
on. Figure 6 shows the effect of offsets on the real power calcula-
tion. As seen in Figure 6, an offset on Channel 1 and Channel 2
will contribute a dc component after multiplication. Since this
dc component is extracted by LPF2 to generate the Active (Real)
Power information, the offsets will have contributed an error to
the Active Power calculation. This problem is easily avoided by
enabling HPF1 in Channel 1. By removing the offset from at
least one channel, no error component is generated at dc by the
multiplication. Error terms at cos(
t) are removed by LPF2 and
by integration of the Active Power signal in the Active Energy
register (AENERGY[39:0])--see Energy Calculation section.
DC COMPONENT (INCLUDING ERROR TERM)
IS EXTRACTED BY THE LPF FOR REAL
POWER CALCULATION
I
OS
V
V
OS
I
V
OS
I
OS
V I
2
0
2
Figure 6. Effect of Channel Offsets on the Real
Power Calculation
The contents of the Offset Correction registers are 6-bit, sign,
and magnitude coded. The weighting of the LSB size depends
on the gain setting, i.e., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16. Table II shows the
correctable offset span for each of the gain settings and the LSB
weight (mV) for the Offset Correction registers. The maximum
value that can be written to the offset correction registers is
31
decimal--see Figure 7.
Table II. Offset Correction Range
Gain
Correctable Span
LSB Size
1
50 mV
1.61 mV/LSB
2
37 mV
1.19 mV/LSB
4
30 mV
0.97 mV/LSB
8
26 mV
0.84 mV/LSB
16
24 mV
0.77 mV/LSB
Figure 7 shows the relationship between the Offset Correction
register contents and the offset (mV) on the analog inputs for a
gain setting of one. In order to perform an offset adjustment, the
analog inputs should be first connected to AGND, and there
should be no signal on either Channel 1 or Channel 2. A read
from Channel 1 or Channel 2 using the Waveform register will
give an indication of the offset in the channel. This offset can be
canceled by writing an equal but opposite offset value to the
relevant offset register. The offset correction can be confirmed by
performing another read. Note that when adjusting the offset of
Channel 1, the digital integrator and the HPF1 should be disabled.
CH1OS[5:0]
SIGN + 5 BITS
+50mV
OFFSET
ADJUST
3Fh
00h
1Fh
50mV
0mV
SIGN + 5 BITS
01,1111b
11,1111b
Figure 7. Channel Offset Correction Range (Gain = 1)
di/dt CURRENT SENSOR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATOR
di/dt sensor detects changes in magnetic field caused by ac
current. Figure 8 shows the principle of a di/dt current sensor.
MAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY CURRENT
(DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO CURRENT)
EMF (ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE)
INDUCED BY CHANGES IN
MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (di/dt)
+
Figure 8. Principle of a di/dt Current Sensor
The flux density of a magnetic field induced by a current is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the current. The changes in
the magnetic flux density passing through a conductor loop
generate an electromotive force (EMF) between the two ends of
the loop. The EMF is a voltage signal that is proportional to the
di/dt of the current. The voltage output from the di/dt current
sensor is determined by the mutual inductance between the
current-carrying conductor and the di/dt sensor. Figure 9 shows
the mutual inductance produces a di/dt signal at the output of
the sensor.
+
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE M
i(t)
v = M
di(t)
dt
Figure 9. Mutual Inductance Between the di/dt
Sensor and the Current Carrying Conductor
The current signal needs to be recovered from the di/dt signal
before it can be used for active power calculation. An integrator
is therefore necessary to restore the signal to its original form.
The ADE7759 has a built-in digital integrator to recover the
current signal from the di/dt sensor. The digital integrator on
Channel 1 is switched on by default when the ADE7759 is
powered up. Setting the MSB of the CH1OS register to 0 will
turn off the integrator. Figures 10 to 13 show the magnitude and
phase response of the digital integrator.
REV. 0
ADE7759
13
FREQUENCY Hz
30
10
1
GAIN
dB
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
2
10
3
10
4
Figure 10. Gain Response of the Digital Integrator
FREQUENCY Hz
88.0
10
1
PHASE
Degrees
88.5
89.0
89.5
90.0
90.5
91.0
91.5
92.0
10
2
10
3
10
4
Figure 11. Phase Response of the Digital Integrator
FREQUENCY Hz
0
6
40
70
45
GAIN
dB
50
55
60
65
1
2
3
4
5
Figure 12. Gain Response of the Digital Integrator
(40 Hz to 70 Hz)
90.020
89.985
89.990
89.995
90.000
90.005
90.010
FREQUENCY Hz
PHASE
Degrees
40
45
70
50
55
60
65
90.015
89.980
Figure 13. Phase Response of the Digital Integrator
(40 Hz to 70 Hz)
Note that the integrator has a 20 dB/dec attenuation and approxi-
mately 90
phase shift. When combined with a di/dt sensor, the
resulting magnitude and phase response should be a flat gain
over the frequency band of interest. However, the di/dt sensor has
a 20 dB/dec gain associated with it, and generates significant high
frequency noise. A more effective antialiasing filter is needed to
avoid noise due to aliasing--see Antialias Filter section.
When the digital integrator is switched off, the ADE7759 can be
used directly with a conventional current sensor such as current
transformer (CT) or a low resistance current shunt.
ZERO CROSSING DETECTION
The ADE7759 has a zero crossing detection circuit on Channel 2.
This zero crossing is used to produce an external zero cross
signal (ZX) and it is also used in the calibration mode--see
Energy Calibration section. The zero crossing signal is also used
to initiate a temperature measurement on the ADE7759--see
Temperature Measurement section. Figure 14 shows how the
zero cross signal is generated from the output of LPF1.
ADC 2
REFERENCE
1
LPF1
f
3dB
= 156Hz
63% TO +63% FS
PGA2
1, 2, 4,
8, 16
{GAIN [7:5]}
V2P
V2N
V2
ZERO
CROSS
ZX
TO
MULTIPLIER
21.04 @ 60Hz
1.0
0.93
ZX
V2
LPF1
Figure 14. Zero Cross Detection on Channel 2
REV. 0
ADE7759
14
The ZX signal will go logic high on a positive going zero crossing
and logic low on a negative going zero crossing on Channel 2.
The zero crossing signal ZX is generated from the output of LPF1.
LPF1 has a single pole at 156 Hz (CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz).
As a result there will be a phase lag between the analog input
signal V2 and the output of LPF1. The phase response of this
filter is shown in the Channel 2 Sampling section of this data
sheet. The phase lag response of LPF1 results in a time delay of
approximately 0.97 ms (@ 60 Hz) between the zero crossing on
the analog inputs of Channel 2 and the rising or falling edge of ZX.
The zero crossing detection also has an associated time-out register,
ZXTOUT. This unsigned, 12-bit register is decremented 1 LSB
every 128/CLKIN seconds. The register is reset to its user pro-
grammed full-scale value every time a zero crossing on Channel 2
is detected. The default power on value in this register is FFFh.
If the register decrements to zero before a zero crossing is detected
and the DISSAG bit in the Mode register is logic zero, the
SAG
pin will go active low. The absence of a zero crossing is also
indicated on the
IRQ output if the SAG enable bit in the Inter-
rupt Enable register is set to Logic 1. Irrespective of the enable
bit setting, the SAG flag in the Interrupt Status register is always
set when the ZXTOUT register is decremented to zero--see Inter-
rupts section. The zero cross timeout register can be written/read
by the user and has an address of 0Eh--see Serial Interface section.
The resolution of the register is 128/CLKIN seconds per LSB.
Thus the maximum delay for an interrupt is 0.15 second
(128/CLKIN
2
12
).
LINE VOLTAGE SAG DETECTION
In addition to the detection of the loss of the line voltage signal
(zero crossing), the ADE7759 can also be programmed to detect
when the absolute value of the line voltage drops below a certain
peak value, for a number of half cycles. This condition is illus-
trated in Figure 15.
FULL SCALE
SAGLVL [7:0]
SAG
SAG RESET HIGH
WHEN CHANNEL 2
EXCEEDS SAGLVL [7:0]
CHANNEL 2
SAGCYC [7:0] = 06H
6 HALF CYCLES
Figure 15. Sag Detection
Figure 15 shows the line voltage fall below a threshold that is set
in the Sag Level register (SAGLVL[7:0]) for nine half cycles.
Since the Sag Cycle register (SAGCYC[7:0]) contains 06h, the
SAG pin will go active low at the end of the sixth half cycle for
which the line voltage falls below the threshold, if the DISSAG
bit in the Mode register is logic zero. As is the case when zero
crossings are no longer detected, the sag event is also recorded
by setting the SAG flag in the Interrupt Status register. If the
SAG enable bit is set to Logic 1, the
IRQ logic output will go
active low--see Interrupts section.
The
SAG pin will go logic high again when the absolute value of
the signal on Channel 2 exceeds the sag level set in the Sag
Level register. This is shown in Figure 15 when the
SAG pin
goes high during the tenth half cycle from the time when the
signal on Channel 2 first dropped below the threshold level.
Sag Level Set
The contents of the Sag Level register (1 byte) are compared to
the absolute value of the most significant byte output from LPF1,
after it is shifted left by one bit. For example, the nominal maximum
code from LPF1 with a full-scale signal on Channel 2 is 257F6h
or (0010, 0101, 0111, 1111, 0110b)--see Channel 2 Sampling
section. Shifting one bit left will give 0100, 1010, 1111, 1110,
1100b or 4AFECh. Therefore writing 4Ah to the Sag Level
register will put the sag detection level at full scale. Writing 00h
will put the sag detection level at zero. The Sag Level register is
compared to the most significant byte of a waveform sample
after the shift left, and detection is made when the contents of
the Sag Level register are greater.
POWER SUPPLY MONITOR
The ADE7759 also contains an on-chip power supply monitor. The
Analog Supply (AVDD) is continuously monitored by the ADE7759.
If the supply is less than 4 V
5%, the ADE7759 will go into an
inactive state, i.e., no energy will be accumulated when the supply
voltage is below 4 V. This is useful to ensure correct device operation
at power-up and during power-down. The power supply monitor
has built-in hysteresis and filtering. This gives a high degree of
immunity to false triggering due to noisy supplies.
AV
DD
5V
4V
0V
ADE7759
POWER-ON
RESET
SAG
INACTIVE
ACTIVE
INACTIVE
TIME
Figure 16. On-Chip Power Supply Monitor
As seen in Figure 16, the trigger level is nominally set at 4 V.
The tolerance on this trigger level is about
5%. The SAG pin
can also be used as a power supply monitor input to the MCU.
The
SAG pin will go logic low when the ADE7759 is reset. The
power supply and decoupling for the part should be such that
the ripple at AV
DD
does not exceed 5 V
5% as specified for
normal operation.
Bit 6 of the Interrupt Status register (STATUS[7:0]) will be set to
Logic High upon power-up or every time the analog supply (AV
DD
)
dips below the power supply monitor threshold (4 V
5%) and
recovers. However, no interrupt can be generated because the corre-
sponding bit (Bit 6) in the Interrupt Enable register (IRQEN[7:0])
is not active--see Interrupts section.
REV. 0
ADE7759
15
INTERRUPTS
ADE7759 Interrupts are managed through the Interrupt Status
register (STATUS[7:0]) and the Interrupt Enable register
(IRQEN[7:0]). When an interrupt event occurs in the ADE7759,
the corresponding flag in the Status register is set to a Logic 1
--see Interrupt Status register. If the enable bit for this interrupt
in the Interrupt Enable register is Logic 1, then the
IRQ logic output
goes active low. The flag bits in the Status register are set irre-
spective of the state of the enable bits.
In order to determine the source of the interrupt, the system
master (MCU) should perform a read from the Status register
with reset (RSTATUS[7:0]). This is achieved by carrying out a
read from address 05h. The
IRQ output will go logic high on
completion of the Interrupt Status register read command--see
Interrupt Timing section. When carrying out a read with reset, the
ADE7759 is designed to ensure that no interrupt events are
missed. If an interrupt event occurs just as the Status register is
being read, the event will not be lost and the
IRQ logic output is
guaranteed to go high for the duration of the Interrupt Status
register data transfer before going logic low again to indicate the
pending interrupt. See the following section for a more detailed
description.
Using the ADE7759 Interrupts with an MCU
Figure 17 shows a timing diagram with a suggested implementa-
tion of ADE7759 interrupt management using an MCU. At time t
1
the
IRQ line will go active low, indicating that one or more
interrupt events have occurred in the ADE7759. The
IRQ logic
output should be tied to a negative edge-triggered external inter-
rupt on the MCU. On detection of the negative edge, the MCU
should be configured to start executing its Interrupt Service
Routine (ISR). On entering the ISR, all interrupts should be
disabled using the global interrupt enable bit. At this point the
MCU external interrupt flag can be cleared to capture interrupt
events that occur during the current ISR.
When the MCU interrupt flag is cleared, a read from the Status
register with reset is carried out. This will cause the
IRQ line to
be reset logic high (t
2
)--see Interrupt Timing section. The Sta-
tus register contents are used to determine the source of the
interrupt(s) and hence the appropriate action to be taken. If a
subsequent interrupt event occurs during the ISR, that event will
be recorded by the MCU external interrupt flag being set again
(t
3
). On returning from the ISR, the global interrupt mask will be
cleared (same instruction cycle) and the external interrupt flag will
cause the MCU to jump to its ISR once again. This will ensure
that the MCU does not miss any external interrupts.
Interrupt Timing
The Serial Interface section should be reviewed first, before the
interrupt timing. As previously described, when the
IRQ output
goes low the MCU ISR must read the Interrupt Status register
to determine the source of the interrupt. When reading the
Status register contents, the
IRQ output is set high on the last
falling edge of SCLK of the first byte transfer (read Interrupt
Status register command). The
IRQ output is held high until the
last bit of the next 8-bit transfer is shifted out (Interrupt Status
register contents)--see Figure 18. If an interrupt is pending at
this time, the
IRQ output will go low again. If no interrupt is
pending, the
IRQ output will stay high.
IRQ
GLOBAL
INTERRUPT
MASK SET
CLEAR MCU
INTERRUPT
FLAG
READ
STATUS WITH
RESET (05h)
ISR ACTION
(BASED ON
STATUS CONTENTS)
ISR RETURN
GLOBAL INTERRUPT
MASK RESET
MCU
INTERRUPT
FLAG SET
JUMP
TO
ISR
MCU
PROGRAM
SEQUENCE
t
3
t
2
t
1
JUMP
TO
ISR
Figure 17. Interrupt Management
SCLK
DIN
DOUT
IRQ
t
9
t
1
t
11
t
11
READ STATUS REGISTER COMMAND
STATUS REGISTER CONTENTS
DB7
CS
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
DB0
Figure 18. Interrupt Timing
REV. 0
ADE7759
16
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
ADE7759 also includes an on-chip temperature sensor. A tem-
perature measurement can be made by setting Bit 5 in the Mode
register. When Bit 5 is set logic high in the Mode register, the
ADE7759 will initiate a temperature measurement on the next
zero crossing. When the zero crossing on Channel 2 is detected,
the voltage output from the temperature sensing circuit is con-
nected to ADC1 (Channel 1) for digitizing. The resultant code is
processed and placed in the Temperature register (TEMP[7:0])
approximately 26
s later (24 CLKIN cycles). If enabled in the
Interrupt Enable register (Bit 5), the
IRQ output will go active
low when the temperature conversion is finished. Please note that
temperature conversion will introduce a small amount of noise
in the energy calculation. If temperature conversion is performed
frequently (i.e., multiple times per second), a noticeable error
will accumulate in the resulting energy calculation over time.
The contents of the Temperature register are signed (two's
complement) with a resolution of approximately 1 LSB/
C. The
temperature register will produce a code of 00h when the ambient
temperature is approximately 70
C. The temperature mea-
surement is uncalibrated in the ADE7759 and has an offset
tolerance that could be as high as
20C.
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
The analog-to-digital conversion in the ADE7759 is carried out
using two second order sigma-delta ADCs. The block diagram
in Figure 19 shows a first order (for simplicity) sigma-delta ADC.
The converter is made up of two parts, first the sigma-delta
modulator and second the digital low-pass filter.
A sigma-delta modulator converts the input signal into a con-
tinuous serial stream of 1s and 0s at a rate determined by the
sampling clock. In the ADE7759, the sampling clock is equal to
CLKIN/4. The 1-bit DAC in the feedback loop is driven by the
serial data stream. The DAC output is subtracted from the
input signal. If the loop gain is high enough, the average value of
the DAC output (and therefore the bitstream) will approach that
of the input signal level. For any given input value in a single sam-
pling interval, the data from the 1-bit ADC is virtually meaningless.
Only when a large number of samples are averaged will a meaningful
result be obtained. This averaging is carried out in the second
part of the ADC, the digital low-pass filter. By averaging a large
number of bits from the modulator, the low-pass filter can produce
20-bit data words that are proportional to the input signal level.
1
20
DIGITAL
LOW-PASS
FILTER
R
C
ANALOG
LOW-PASS FILTER
+
V
REF
1-BIT DAC
MCLK/4
LATCHED
COMPARATOR
.....10100101.....
+
Figure 19. First Order Sigma-Delta (
-) ADC
The sigma-delta converter uses two techniques to achieve high
resolution from what is essentially a one-bit conversion technique.
The first is oversampling. By oversampling we mean that the
signal is sampled at a rate (frequency) that is many times higher
than the bandwidth of interest. For example, the sampling rate
in the ADE7759 is CLKIN/4 (894 kHz) and the band of interest
is 40 Hz to 2 kHz. Oversampling has the effect of spreading the
quantization noise (noise due to sampling) over a wider bandwidth.
With the noise spread more thinly over a wider bandwidth, the
quantization noise in the band of interest is lowered--see Figure
20. However, oversampling alone is not an efficient enough
method to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in the band
of interest. For example, an oversampling ratio of 4 is required
just to increase the SNR by only 6 dB (one bit). To keep the
oversampling ratio at a reasonable level, it is possible to shape the
quantization noise so that the majority of the noise lies at the higher
frequencies. This is what happens in the sigma-delta modulator:
the noise is shaped by the integrator, which has a high-pass type
response for the quantization noise. The result is that most of
the noise is at the higher frequencies, where it can be removed
by the digital low-pass filter. This noise shaping is also shown in
Figure 20.
447
0
894
2
NOISE
SIGNAL
DIGITAL
FILTER
ANTIALIAS
FILTER (RC)
SHAPED
NOISE
SAMPLING
FREQUENCY
447
0
894
2
NOISE
SIGNAL
HIGH RESOLUTION
OUTPUT FROM DIGITAL
LPF
FREQUENCY kHz
FREQUENCY kHz
Figure 20. Noise Reduction Due to Oversampling
and Noise Shaping in the Analog Modulator
Antialias Filter
Figure 20 also shows an analog low-pass filter (RC) on the input
to the modulator. This filter is present to prevent aliasing.
Aliasing is an artifact of all sampled systems. Basically it means
that frequency components in the input signal to the ADC that
are higher than half the sampling rate of the ADC will appear in
the sampled signal at a frequency below half the sampling rate.
Figure 21 illustrates the effect. Frequency components (arrows
shown in black) above half the sampling frequency (also known as
the Nyquist frequency, i.e., 447 kHz) get imaged or folded back
down below 447 kHz (arrows shown in grey). This will happen
with all ADCs regardless of the architecture. In the example
shown, it can be seen that only frequencies near the sampling
frequency (894 kHz) will move into the band of interest for
metering, i.e., 40 Hz2 kHz. This allows us to use a very simple
LPF (low-pass filter) to attenuate these high frequencies (near
900 kHz) and to prevent distortion in the band of interest. For a
conventional current sensor, a simple RC filter (single pole) with
a corner frequency of 10 kHz will produce an attenuation of
approximately 40 dBs at 894 kHz--see Figure 20. The 20 dB per
decade attenuation is usually sufficient to eliminate the effects of
aliasing for conventional current sensor.
REV. 0
ADE7759
17
IMAGE
FREQUENCIES
SAMPLING
FREQUENCY
ALIASING EFFECTS
0
2
447
894
FREQUENCY kHz
Figure 21. ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 1
For a di/dt sensor such as a Rogowski coil, however, the sensor
has 20 dB per decade gain. This will neutralize the 20 dB per
decade attenuation produced by this simple LPF and nullifies the
antialias filter. Therefore, when using a di/dt sensor, measure
should be taken to offset the 20 dB per decade gain coming from
the di/dt sensor and produce sufficient attenuation to eliminate
any aliasing effect. One simple approach is to cascade two RC
filters to produce 40 dB per decade attenuation. The transfer
function for a cascaded filter is the following:
H s
sR C
sR C
sR C
s R C R C
( )
=
+
+
+
+
1
1
1 1
2 2
1 2
1 1 2 2
2
where R1C1 represents the RC used in the first stage of the
cascade and R2C2 in that of the second stage. The s
2
term in the
transfer function produces a 40 dB/decade attenuation. Note
that to minimize the measurement error, especially at low power
factor, it is important to match the phase angle between the voltage
and the current channel. The small phase mismatch in the exter-
nal antialias filter can be corrected using the Phase Calibration
register (PHCAL[7:0])--see Phase Compensation section.
ADC Transfer Function
Below is an expression which relates the output of the LPF in
the sigma-delta ADC to the analog input signal level. Both
ADCs in the ADE7759 are designed to produce the same out-
put code for the same input signal level.
Code ADC
V
V
IN
REF
(
)
.
,
=
3 0492
262 144
Therefore, with a full-scale signal on the input of 0.5 V and an
internal reference of 2.42 V, the ADC output code is nominally
165,151 or 2851Fh. The maximum code from the ADC is
262,144, which is equivalent to an input signal level of 0.794 V.
However, for specified performance it is not recommended that
the full-scale input signal level of 0.5 V be exceeded.
Reference Circuit
Shown in Figure 22 is a simplified version of the reference out-
put circuitry. The nominal reference voltage at the REF
IN/OUT
pin is 2.42 V. This is the reference voltage used for the ADCs in
the ADE7759. However, Channel 1 has three input range selec-
tions, which are selected by dividing down the reference value
used for the ADC in Channel 1. The reference value used for
Channel 1 is divided down to 1/2 and 1/4 of the nominal value
by using an internal resistor divider as shown in Figure 22.
60 A
PTAT
2.5V
1.7k
12.5k
12.5k
12.5k
12.5k
REF
IN/OUT
2.42V
MAXIMUM
LOAD = 10 A
OUTPUT
IMPEDANCE
6k
REFERENCE INPUT
TO ADC CHANNEL 1
(RANGE SELECT)
2.42V, 1.21V, 0.6V
Figure 22. ADC and Reference Circuit Output
The REF
IN/OUT
pin can be overdriven by an external source,
e.g., an external 2.5 V reference. Note that the nominal refer-
ence value supplied to the ADCs is now 2.5 V not 2.42 V. This
has the effect of increasing the nominal analog input signal
range by 2.5/2.42 100% = 3%, or from 0.5 V to 0.5165 V.
The internal voltage reference on the ADE7759 has a tempera-
ture drift associated with it--see ADE7759 Specifications for the
temperature coefficient specification (in ppm
C). The value of
the temperature drift varies slightly from part to part. Since the
reference is used for the ADCs in both Channel 1 and 2, any x%
drift in the reference will result in 2x% deviation of the meter
reading. The reference drift resulting from temperature changes
is usually very small and it is typically much smaller than the
drift of other components on a meter. However, if guaranteed
temperature performance is needed, one needs to use an exter-
nal voltage reference. Alternatively, the meter can be calibrated
at multiple temperatures. Real-time compensation can be achieved
easily using the on-chip temperature sensor.
CHANNEL 1 ADC
Figure 23 shows the ADC and signal processing chain for Chan-
nel 1. In waveform sampling mode the ADC outputs a signed
two's complement 20-bit data word at a maximum of 27.9 kSPS
(CLKIN/128). The output of the ADC can be scaled by
50%
to perform an overall power calibration or to calibrate the ADC
output. While the ADC outputs a 20-bit two's complement value,
the maximum full-scale positive value from the ADC is limited
to 40,000h (+262,144 decimal). The maximum full-scale negative
value is limited to C0000h (262,144 decimal). If the analog
inputs are over-ranged, the ADC output code will clamp at these
values. With the specified full-scale analog input signal of 0.5 V
(or 0.25 V or 0.125 V--see Analog Inputs section) the ADC will
produce an output code that is approximately 63% of its full-scale
value. This is illustrated in Figure 23. The diagram in Figure 23
shows a full-scale voltage signal being applied to the differential
inputs V1P and V1N. The ADC output swings between D7AE1h
(165,151) and 2851Fh (+165,151). This is approximately 63%
of the full-scale value 40,000h (262,144). Over-ranging the
analog inputs with more than 0.5 V differential (0.25 or 0.125,
depending on Channel 1 full-scale selection) will cause the ADC
output to increase towards its full-scale value. However, for speci-
fied operation the differential signal on the analog inputs should
not exceed the recommended value of 0.5 V.
REV. 0
ADE7759
18
Channel 1 ADC Gain Adjust
The ADC gain in Channel 1 can be adjusted by using the multiplier
and Active Power Gain register (APGAIN[11:0]). The gain of the
ADC is adjusted by writing a two's complement 12-bit word to
the Active Power Gain register. Below is the expression that
shows how the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the
Active Power Gain register.
Code
ADC
APGAIN
=
+
1
2
12
For example, when 7FFh is written to the Active Power Gain
register the ADC output is scaled up by 50%. 7FFh = 2047
decimal, 2047/2
12
= 0.5. Similarly, 801h = 2047 decimal
(signed two's complement) and ADC output is scaled by 50%.
These two examples are graphically illustrated in Figure 23.
Channel 1 Sampling
The waveform samples may also be routed to the WAVEFORM
register (MODE[14:13] = 1, 0) to be read by the system master
(MCU). In waveform sampling mode the WSMP bit (Bit 3) in
the Interrupt Enable register must also be set to Logic 1. The
Active Power and Energy calculation will remain uninterrupted
during waveform sampling.
When in waveform sample mode, one of four output sample
rates may be chosen by using bits 11 and 12 of the Mode regis-
ter (WAVSEL1, 0). The output sample rate may be 27.9 kSPS,
14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS--see Mode Register section. The
interrupt request output
IRQ signals a new sample availability
by going active low. The timing is shown in Figure 24. The 20-bit
waveform samples are transferred from the ADE7759 one byte
(eight-bits) at a time, with the most significant byte shifted out first.
The 20-bit data word is right justified and sign extended to 24
bits (three bytes)--see Serial Interface section.
READ FROM WAVEFORM
SIGN
CHANNEL 1 DATA
20 BITS
SAMPLING RATE (27.9kSPS, 14kSPS, 7kSPS, OR 3.5kSPS)
0
16 s
IRQ
SCLK
DIN
DOUT
0 0 01 HEX
Figure 24. Waveform Sampling Channel 1
CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 WAVEFORM SAMPLING
MODE
In Channel 1 and Channel 2 waveform sampling mode
(MODE[14:13] = 01), the output is a 40-bit waveform sample
data that contains both the waveform samples from Channel 1
and Channel 2 ADCs. Figure 25 shows the format of the 40-bit
waveform output.
CH2[19:16] CH1[19:16]
CH1[15:0]
CH2[15:0]
1 BYTE
2 BYTES
2 BYTES
BIT 39
BIT 0
Figure 25. 40-Bit Combined Channel 1 and Channel 2
Waveform Sample Data Format
ADC 1
HPF
REFERENCE
2.42V, 1.21V, 0.6V
V1
0V
ANALOG
INPUT
RANGE
0.5V, 0.25V,
0.125V, 62.5mV,
31.3mV, 15.6mV,
00000h
40000h
C0000h
2851Fh
D7AE1h
+FS
FS
+63% FS
63% FS
ADC OUTPUT
WORD RANGE
00000h
2851Fh
+63% FS
63% FS
D7AE1h
+94.5% FS
+31.5% FS
31.5% FS
94.5% FS
3C7AEh
1428Fh
EBD71h
C3852h
APGAIN[11:0]
000h
7FFh
801h
CHANNEL 1 (ACTIVE POWER)
DATA RANGE
TO MULTIPLIER
TO WAVEFORM
SAMPLE REGISTER
Sinc
3
DIGITAL LPF
00000h
1EF74h
+63% FS
63% FS
E108Ch
+94.5% FS
+31.5% FS
31.5% FS
94.5% FS
2E72Eh
F7BAh
F0846h
D18D2h
APGAIN[11:0]
000h
7FFh
801h
CHANNEL 1 (ACTIVE POWER)
DATA RANGE AFTER
INTEGRATOR (50Hz)
DIGITAL
INTEGRATOR*
00000h
19CE0h
+63% FS
63% FS
E6320h
+94.5% FS
+31.5% FS
31.5% FS
94.5% FS
26B50h
0CE70h
F3190h
D94B0h
APGAIN[11:0]
000h 7FFh 801h
CHANNEL 1 (ACTIVE POWER)
DATA RANGE AFTER
INTEGRATOR (60Hz)
50Hz
60Hz
V1P
V1N
PGA1
V1
MULTIPLIER
{GAIN[4:3]}
{GAIN[2:0]}
1, 2, 4,
8, 16
801HEX7FFHEX
APGAIN[11:0]
*WHEN DIGITAL INTEGRATOR IS ENABLED, FULL-SCALE OUTPUT DATA VARIES DEPENDING
ON THE SIGNAL FREQUENCY BECAUSE OF 20dB/DECADE FREQUENCY RESPONSE.
Figure 23. ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 1
REV. 0
ADE7759
19
CHANNEL 2 ADC
Channel 2 Sampling
In Channel 2 waveform sampling mode (MODE[14:13] = 1, 1
and WSMP = 1) the ADC output code scaling for Channel 2 is the
same as Channel 1, i.e., the output swings between D7AE1h
(165,151) and 2851Fh (+165,151)--see ADC Channel 1
section. However, before being passed to the waveform register,
the ADC output is passed through a single-pole, low-pass filter
with a cutoff frequency of 156 Hz. The plots in Figure 26 show
the magnitude and phase response of this filter.
FREQUENCY Hz
0
10
1
PHASE
Degrees
20
40
60
80
10
2
10
3
0
20
GAIN
dB
60Hz, 0.6dB
60Hz, 21.04
10
Figure 26. Magnitude and Phase Response of LPF1
The LPF1 has the effect of attenuating the signal. For example,
if the line frequency is 60 Hz, the signal at the output of LPF1
will be attenuated by 7%.
H f
Hz
Hz
dB
( )
.
.
=
+
=
=
1
1
60
156
0 93
0 6
2
Note that LPF1 does not affect the power calculation. The signal
processing chain in Channel 2 is illustrated in Figure 27. Unlike
Channel 1, Channel 2 has only one analog input range (0.5 V
differential). However, like Channel 1, Channel 2 does have a PGA
with gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. For energy measurement,
the output of the ADC is passed directly to the multiplier and is
not filtered. An HPF is not required to remove any dc offset since
it is only required to remove the offset from one channel to
eliminate errors due to offsets in the power calculation. When in
waveform sample mode, one of four output sample rates can be
chosen by using Bits 11 and 12 of the Mode register. The available
output sample rates are 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS--
see Mode Register section. The interrupt request output
IRQ
signals a new sample availability by going active low. The timing
is the same as that for Channel 1 and is shown in Figure 24.
ADC 2
V1
0V
ANALOG
INPUT RANGE
0.5V, 0.25V, 0.125V,
62.5mV, 31.25mV
REFERENCE
1
20
TO
WAVEFORM
REGISTER
LPF1
63% TO +63% FS
TO
MULTIPLIER
PGA2
1, 2, 4,
8, 16
{GAIN [7:5]}
V2P
V2N
V2
2.42V
40000h
2851Fh
257F6h
00000h
DA80Ah
D7AE1h
C0000h
LPF OUTPUT
WORD RANGE
+FS
+63% FS
+59% FS
59% FS
63% FS
FS
Figure 27. ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 2
PHASE COMPENSATION
When the HPF is disabled, the phase error between Channel 1
and Channel 2 is zero from dc to 3.5 kHz. When HPF1 is enabled,
Channel 1 has a phase response illustrated in Figures 29 and 30.
Also shown in Figure 31 is the magnitude response of the filter.
As can be seen from the plots, the phase response is almost zero
from 45 Hz to 1 kHz. This is all that is required in typical energy
measurement applications.
However, despite being internally phase compensated, the
ADE7759 must work with transducers that may have inherent
phase errors. For example, a phase error of 0.1
to 0.3 is not
uncommon for a CT (Current Transformer). These phase errors
can vary from part to part, and they must be corrected in order
to perform accurate power calculations. The errors associated
with phase mismatch are particularly noticeable at low power
factors. The ADE7759 provides a means of digitally calibrating
these small phase errors. The ADE7759 allows a small time
delay or time advance to be introduced into the signal processing
chain in order to compensate for small phase errors. Because the
compensation is in time, this technique should only be used for
small phase errors in the range of 0.1
to 0.5. Correcting large
phase errors using a time shift technique can introduce signifi-
cant phase errors at higher harmonics.
The Phase Calibration register (PHCAL[7:0]) is a two's comple-
ment signed single byte register that has values ranging from 9Eh
(98 in decimal) to 5Ch (92 in decimal). By changing the PHCAL
register, the time delay in the Channel 2 signal path can change
from 110
s to +103 s (CLKIN = 3.579545 MHz). One LSB
is equivalent to 1.12
s time delay or advance. With a line fre-
quency of 60 Hz, this gives a phase resolution of 0.024
at the
fundamental (i.e., 360
1.12 s 60 Hz). Figure 28 illustrates
how the phase compensation is used to remove a 0.1
phase lead
in Channel 1 due to the external transducer. In order to cancel
the lead (0.1
) in Channel 1, a phase lead must also be intro-
duced into Channel 2. The resolution of the phase adjustment
allows the introduction of a phase lead in increments of 0.024
.
The phase lead is achieved by introducing a time advance into
Channel 2. A time advance of 4.48
s is made by writing 4 (FCh)
to the time delay block, thus reducing the amount of time delay
by 4.48
s, or equivalently, a phase lead of approximately 0.1 at
line frequency of 60 Hz.
REV. 0
ADE7759
20
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
0
1
PGA1
V1P
V1N
V1
ADC 1
HPF
20
PGA2
V2P
V2N
V2
ADC 2
DELAY BLOCK
1.12 s/LSB
20
LPF2
V2
V1
60Hz
0.1
V1
V2
CHANNEL 2 DELAY
REDUCED BY 4.48 s
(0.1 LEAD AT 60Hz)
FCH IN PHCAL [7:0]
PHCAL [7:0]
110 s TO +103 s
60Hz
Figure 28. Phase Calibration
FREQUENCY Hz
0.30
100
PHASE
Degrees
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Figure 29. Combined Phase Response of the HPF and
Phase Compensation (10 Hz to 1 kHz)
FREQUENCY Hz
0.30
40
PHASE
Degrees
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
45
50
55
60
65
70
Figure 30. Combined Phase Response of the HPF and
Phase Compensation (40 Hz to 70 Hz)
FREQUENCY Hz
0.4
ERR
OR
%
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Figure 31. Combined Gain Response of the HPF and Phase
Compensation (Deviation of Gain in % from Gain at 60 Hz)
ACTIVE POWER CALCULATION
Electrical power is defined as the rate of energy flow from
source to load. It is given by the product of the voltage and current
waveforms. The resulting waveform is called the instantaneous
power signal, and it is equal to the rate of energy flow at every
instant of time. The unit of power is the watt or joules/second
Equation 3 gives an expression for the instantaneous power signal
in an ac system.
v t
V
t
( )
(
)
= 2
(1)
i t
I
t
( )
sin(
)
= 2
(2)
where
V = rms voltage,
I = rms current.
p t
v t
i t
p t
VI
VI
t
( )
( )
( )
( )
cos(
)
=
=
2
(3)
The average power over an integral number of line cycles (n) is
given by the expression in Equation 4.
P
nT
p t dt
VI
nT
=
=
1
0
( )
(4)
where T is the line cycle period. P is referred to as the Active or
Real Power. Note that the active power is equal to the dc com-
ponent of the instantaneous power signal p(t) in Equation 3, i.e.,
VI. This is the relationship used to calculate active power in the
ADE7759. The instantaneous power signal p(t) is generated by
multiplying the current and voltage signals. The dc component of
the instantaneous power signal is then extracted by LPF2
(Low-Pass Filter) to obtain the active power information. This
process is illustrated graphically in Figure 32. Since LPF2 does not
have an ideal "brick wall" frequency response (see Figure 33),
the Active Power signal will have some ripple due to the instanta-
neous power signal. This ripple is sinusoidal and has a frequency
equal to twice the line frequency. Since the ripple is sinusoidal
in nature it will be removed when the Active Power signal is
integrated to calculate Energy--see Energy Calculation section.
REV. 0
ADE7759
21
INSTANTANEOUS
POWER SIGNAL
p(t) = V I V
I cos(2 t)
ACTIVE REAL POWER
SIGNAL = V I
1999Ah
VI
CCCDh
00000h
CURRENT
i(t) = 2 I sin( t)
VOLTAGE
v(t) = 2 V
sin( t)
Figure 32. Active Power Calculation
FREQUENCY Hz
24
1
dB
20
3
10
30
100
12
16
8
4
0
Figure 33. Frequency Response of LPF2
Figure 34 shows the signal processing chain for the Active Power
calculation in the ADE7759. As explained, the Active Power is
calculated by low pass filtering the instantaneous power signal.
1
20
LPF2
V
I
CCCDh
1999Ah
1999Ah
00h
INSTANTANEOUS POWER SIGNAL p(t)
40% TO +40% FS
ACTIVE POWER
SIGNAL P
CURRENT SIGNAL i(t)
HPF
VOLTAGE SIGNAL v(t)
MULTIPLIER
Figure 34. Active Power Signal Processing
Shown in Figure 35 is the maximum code (hexadecimal) output
range for the Active Power signal (LPF2) when the digital inte-
grator is disabled. Note that when the integrator is enabled, the
output range changes depending on the input signal frequency.
Furthermore, the output range can also be changed by the Active
Power Gain register--see Channel 1 ADC section. The minimum
output range is given when the Active Power Gain register con-
tents are equal to 800h, and the maximum range is given by writing
7FFh to the Active Power Gain register. This can be used to calibrate
the Active Power (or Energy) calculation in the ADE7759.
+30% FS
+20% FS
+10% FS
10% FS
20% FS
30% FS
13333h
CCCDh
6666h
F999Ah
F3333h
ECCCDh
00000h
OUTPUT LPF2
POSITIVE
POWER
NEGATIVE
POWER
000h
7FFh
800h
{APGAIN [11:0]}
CHANNEL 1 (ACTIVE POWER)
CALIBRATION RANGE
Figure 35. Active Power Calculation Output Range
ENERGY CALCULATION
As stated earlier, power is defined as the rate of energy flow.
This relationship can be expressed mathematically as:
P
dE
dt
=
(5)
Where P = Power and E = Energy
Conversely, Energy is given as the integral of Power:
E
Pdt
=
(6)
The AD7759 achieves the integration of the Active Power signal
by continuously accumulating the Active Power signal in the 40-
bit Active Energy register (ASENERGY[39:0]). This discrete
time accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in
continuous time. Equation 7 expresses this relationship.
E
P t dt
Lim
p nT
T
T
n
=
=
=
( )
(
)
0
0
(7)
Where n is the discrete time sample number and T is the sample period.
The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation regis-
ter in the ADE7759 is 1.1
s (4/CLKIN). As well as calculating
the Energy, this integration removes any sinusodial components
which may be in the Active Power signal.
Figure 36 shows a graphical representation of this discrete time
integration or accumulation. The Active Power signal in the
Waveform register is continuously added to the Active Energy
register. This addition is a signed addition; therefore negative
energy will be subtracted from the Active Energy contents.
As shown in Figure 36, the Active Power signal is accumulated
in a 40-bit signed register (AENERGY[39:0]). The Active
Power signal can be read from the Waveform register by setting
MODE[14:13] = 0, 0 and setting the WSMP bit (Bit 3) in the
Interrupt Enable register to 1. Like Channel 1 and Channel 2
waveform sampling modes, the waveform data is available at
sample rates of 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS--see
Figure 24. Figure 37 shows this energy accumulation for full-
scale signals (sinusodial) on analog inputs. The three curves
displayed illustrate the minimum period of time it takes the
energy register to roll over when the Active Power Gain register
contents are 7FFh, 000h, and 800h. The Active Power Gain
register is used to carry out power calibration in the ADE7759.
REV. 0
ADE7759
22
As shown, the fastest integration time will occur when the Active
Power Gain register is set to maximum full scale, i.e., 7FFh.
7F,FFFF,FFFFh
3F,FFFF,FFFFh
00,0000,0000h
40,0000,0000
80,0000,0000h
AENERGY [39:0]
5.8s
11.5s
23s
TIME sec
APGAIN = 7FFh
APGAIN = 000h
APGAIN = 800h
Figure 37. Energy Register Rollover Time for Full-Scale
Power (Minimum and Maximum Power Gain)
Note that the energy register contents will roll over to full-scale
negative (80,0000,0000h) and continue increasing in value when
the power or energy flow is positive--see Figure 37. Conversely,
if the power is negative, the energy register would underflow to
full-scale positive (7F, FFFF, FFFFh) and continue decreasing
in value. By using the Interrupt Enable register, the ADE7759
can be configured to issue an interrupt (
IRQ) when the Active
Energy register is half-full (positive or negative) or when an
over/underflow occurs.
Integration Time under Steady Load
As mentioned in the last section, the discrete time sample period
(T) for the accumulation register is 1.1
s (4/CLKIN). With
full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs, digital integrator
turned off, and the Active Power Gain register set to 000h, the
average word value from LPF2 is CCCD--see Figures 34 and 35.
The maximum value that can be stored in the Active Energy
register before it overflows is 2
39
or 7F,FFFF,FFFFh. Therefore the
integration time under these conditions is calculated as follows:
Time
F FFFF FFFFh
CCCDh
s
onds
=
=
7
1 1
11 53
,
,
.
.
sec
POWER OFFSET CALIBRATION
The ADE7759 also incorporates an Active Power Offset register
(APOS[15:0]). This is a signed two's complement 16-bit register
that can be used to remove offsets in the active power calculation--
see Figure 36. An offset may exist in the power calculation due
to crosstalk between channels on the PCB or in the IC itself.
The offset calibration will allow the contents of the Active Power
register to be maintained at zero when no power is being consumed.
Two hundred fifty-six LSBs (APOS = 0100h) written to the Active
Power Offset register are equivalent to 1 LSB in the Waveform
Sample register. Assuming the average value outputs from LPF2
to store in the Waveform register is CCCDh (52,429 in decimal)
when inputs on Channels 1 and 2 are both at full scale and the
digital integrator is turned off. At 60 dB down on Channel 1 (1/1000
of the Channel 1 full-scale input), the average word value outputs
from LPF2 is 52.429 (52,429/1,000). One LSB in the Waveform
register has a measurement error of 1/52.429
100% = 1.9% of
the average value. The Active Power Offset register has a resolution
equal to 1/256 LSB of the Waveform register, hence the power
offset correction resolution is 0.007%/LSB (1.9%/256) at 60 dB.
When the digital integrator is turned on, the resolution of the
LSB varies slightly with the line frequency.
ENERGY-TO-FREQUENCY CONVERSION
ADE7759 also provides energy to frequency conversion for cali-
bration purposes. After initial calibration at manufacturing, the
manufacturer or end customer will often verify the energy meter
calibration. One convenient way to verify the meter calibration
is for the manufacturer to provide an output frequency that is pro-
portional to the energy or active power under steady load conditions.
This output frequency can provide a simple, single-wire, optically
SIGN 2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
15
0
APOS [15:0]
LPF2
20
CURRENT CHANNEL
VOLTAGE CHANNEL
OUTPUT LPF2
TIME nT
4
CLKIN
T
WAVEFORM
REGISTER
VALUES
ACTIVE POWER
SIGNAL = P
+
+
+
+
WAVEFORM [24:0]
AENERGY [39:0]
WAVEFORM REGISTER VALUES ARE
ACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) IN
THE ACTIVE ENERGY REGISTER
23
0
39
0
Figure 36. Energy Calculation
REV. 0
ADE7759
23
isolated interface to external calibration equipment. Figure 38
illustrates the Energy-to-Frequency conversion in the ADE7759.
The Energy-to-Frequency conversion is accomplished by accumu-
lating the Active power signal in a 24-bit register. An output pulse
is generated when there is a zero to one transition on the MSB
(most significant bit) of the register. Under steady load conditions
the output frequency is proportional to the Active Power. The output
frequency at CF, with full-scale ac signals on Channel 1 and Chan-
nel 2 and CFDEN = 000h, CFNUM = 000h, and APGAIN = 000h,
is approximately 5.593 kHz. This can be calculated as follows:
With the Active Power Gain register set to 000h, the average
value of the instantaneous power signal (output of LPF2) is
CCCDh or 52,429 decimal. An output frequency is generated
on CF when the MSB in the energy to frequency register (24 bits)
toggles, i.e., when the register accumulates 2
23
. This means the
register is updated 2
23
/CCCDh times (or 159.999 times). Since
the update rate is 4/CLKIN or 1.1175
s, the time between
MSB toggles (CF pulses) is given as:
159 999
1 1175
1 78799 10
5592 86
4
.
.
.
(
.
)
=
s
s
Hz
Equation 8 gives an expression for the output frequency at the
Energy-to-Frequency (ETF) output with the contents of CFDEN
and CFNUM registers are both zero.
ETF Output Hz
Average LPF Output
CLKIN
(
)
=
2
2
25
(8)
This output frequency is easily scaled by a pair of Calibration
Frequency Divider registers (CFDEN[11:0] and CFNUM[11:0]).
These frequency scaling registers are 12-bit registers that can
scale the output frequency by 1 to 2
12
. The output frequency is
given by the expression below.
CF Hz
ETF Output Hz
CFNUM
CFDEN
(
)
(
)
[
: ]
[
: ]
=
+
+
11 0
1
11 0
1
(9)
For example, if the CF output frequency is 5.59286 kHz while
the contents of CFNUM and CFDEN are zero, the CF output
frequency can be set to 25 Hz by writing 8 BDh (2237 in decimal) to
the CFDEN register and 00Ah (10 in decimal) to the CFNUM
register. Note that the CFNUM and CFDEN registers are meant
only to scale down the frequency from the ETF output. Therefore,
the content of CFDEN should always be set no less than that of
the CFNUM register, i.e., the maximum output frequency from
CF pin will never exceed that of the ETF output. The power-up
default value for CFDEN is 3Fh and CFNUM is 0h.
The output frequency will have a slight ripple at a frequency equal
to twice the line frequency. This is due to imperfect filtering of
the instantaneous power signal to generate the Active Power
signal--see Active Power Calculation section. Equation 3 gives
an expression for the instantaneous power signal. This is filtered
by LPF2, which has a magnitude response given by Equation 10.
H f
f
Hz
( )
/ .
=
+
1
1
8 9
(10)
The Active Power signal (output of LPF2) can be rewritten as
p t
VI
VI
f
Hz
f t
l
l
( )
/ .
cos
=
-
+
( )
1 2
8 9
4
(11)
where fl is the line frequency (e.g., 60 Hz)
From Equation 6
E t
VIt
VI
f
f
Hz
f t
l
l
l
( )
/ .
sin
=
-
+
(
)
( )
4
1 2
8 9
4
(12)
From Equation 12 it can be seen that there is a small ripple in the
energy calculation due to a sin(2
t) component. This is shown
graphically in Figure 39. The Active Energy calculation is shown
by the dashed straight line and is equal to V
I t. The sinusoidal
ripple in the Active Energy calculation is also shown. Since the
average value of a sinusoid is zero, this ripple will not contribute
to the energy calculation over time. However, the ripple can be
observed in the frequency output, especially at higher output
frequencies. The ripple will get larger as a percentage of the fre-
quency at larger loads and higher output frequencies. The reason
is that at higher output frequencies the integration or averaging
time in the Energy-to-Frequency conversion process is shorter.
As a consequence, some of the sinusoidal ripple is observable in
the frequency output. Choosing a lower output frequency at CF
for calibration can significantly reduce the ripple. Also averaging
the output frequency by using a longer gate time for the counter
will achieve the same results.
SIGN 2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
15
0
APOS [15:0]
LPF2
20
+
+
+
+
WAVEFORM [23:0]
ENERGY-TO-FREQUENCY
23
0
23
0
MSB
TRANSITION
CF
ACTIVE POWER OFFSET
CALIBRATION
11
0
CFDEN [11:0]
11
0
CFNUM [11:0]
ACTIVE POWER
SIGNAL P
Figure 38. Energy-to-Frequency Conversion
REV. 0
ADE7759
24
4
l
(1 + 2
l
/8.9Hz)
VI
sin(4
l
t)
E(t)
Vlt
Figure 39. Output Frequency Ripple
LINE CYCLE ENERGY ACCUMULATION MODE
In Line Cycle Energy Accumulation mode, the energy accumu-
lation of the ADE7759 can be synchronized to the Channel 2
zero crossing so that active energy can be accumulated over an
integral number of half line cycles. The advantage of summing
the active energy over an integer number of half-line cycles is that
the sinusoidal component in the active energy is reduced to zero.
This eliminates any ripple in the energy calculation. Energy is calcu-
lated more accurately and in a shorter time because integration
period can be shortened. By using the Line Cycle Energy Accu-
mulation mode, the energy calibration can be greatly simplified
and the time required to calibrate the meter can be significantly
reduced. The ADE7759 is placed in Line Cycle Energy Accu-
mulation mode by setting Bit 7 (CYCMODE) in the mode register.
In Line Cycle Energy Accumulation mode the ADE7759
accumulates the active power signal in the LENERGY register
(Address 14h) for an integral number of half cycles, as shown in
Figure 40. The number of half-line cycles is specified in the
LINECYC register (Address 14h). The ADE7759 can accumu-
late active power for up to 16,383 half cycles. Because the active
power is integrated on an integral number of half-line cycles, at
the end of a line cycle energy accumulation cycle, the CYCEND
flag in the Interrupt Status register is set (Bit 2). If the CYCEND
enable bit in the Interrupt Enable register is enabled, the
IRQ
output will also go active low. Thus the
IRQ line can also be used
to signal the completion of the line cycle energy accumulation.
Another calibration cycle will start as long as the CYCMODE
bit in the mode register is set. Note that the result of the first
calibration is invalid and should be ignored. The result of all
subsequent line cycle accumulation is correct.
From Equations 5 and 11.
E t
VIdt
VI
f
f
Hz
wt dt
O
nT
l
l
O
nT
( )
/ .
(
)
=
+
(
)
4
1 2
8 9
2
cos
(13)
where n is an integer and T is the line cycle period.
Since the sinusoidal component is integrated over an integer
number of line cycles, its value is always zero. Therefore:
E t
VIdt
O
nT
( )
=
+ 0
(14)
E t
VInT
( )
=
(15)
Note that in this mode, the 14-bit LINECYC register can hold a
maximum value of 16,383. In other words, the Line Cycle Energy
Accumulation mode can be used to accumulate active energy for
a maximum duration over 16,383 half-line cycles. At 60 Hz line
frequency, it translates to a total duration of 16,383/120 Hz = 136.5
seconds. The 40-bit signed LENERGY register can overflow if large
signals are present at the inputs. The LENERGY register can
only hold up to 11.53 seconds of active energy when both its
input channels are at ac full-scale--see Integration Time Under
Steady Load section. Large LINECYC content is meant to be
used only when the input signal is low and extensive averaging is
required to reduce the noise.
CALIBRATING THE ENERGY METER
Calculating the Average Active Power
When calibrating the ADE7759, the first step is to calibrate
the frequency on CF to some required meter constant, e.g.,
3200 imp/kWh.
To determine the output frequency on CF, the average value of
the Active Power signal (output of LPF2) must first be deter-
mined. One convenient way to do this is to use the Line Cycle
Energy Accumulation mode. When the CYCMODE (Bit 7) bit in
the mode register is set to a Logic 1, energy is accumulated over an
integer number of half-line cycles as described in the last section.
Since the line frequency is fixed at, say, 60 Hz, and the number
of half cycles of integration is specified, the total integration
time is given as:
1
2
60
Hz
number of half cycles
SIGN 2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
15
0
APOS [15:0]
LPF2
+
+
+
+
WAVEFORM [23:0]
LENERGY [39:0]
39
0
23
0
LINECYC [13:0]
ACTIVE POWER
SIGNAL P
CCCDh
00h
FROM
MULTIPLIER
LPF1
CHANNEL 2
ADC
ZERO CROSS
DETECT
CALIBRATION
CONTROL
Figure 40. Energy Calculation in Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode
REV. 0
ADE7759
25
For 255 half cycles this would give a total integration time of 2.125
seconds. This would mean the energy register was updated
2.125/1.1175
s (4/CLKIN) times. The average output value of
LPF2 is given as:
Contents of LENERGY
at the end
Number of times LENERGY
was updated
[
: ]
[
: ]
39 0
39 0
Or, equivalently, in terms of contents of various ADE7759
registers and CLKIN and line frequencies (f
l
):
Average Word LPF
LENERGY
f
LINECYC
CLKIN
l
(
)
[
: ]
[
: ]
2
39 0
8
13 0
=
(16)
where f
l
is the line frequency.
Calibrating the Frequency at CF
Once the average Active Power signal is calculated it can be used
to determine the frequency at CF before calibration. When the
frequency before calibration is known, the pair of CF Frequency
Divider registers (CFNUM and CFDEN) can be adjusted so as
to produce the required frequency on CF. In this example a
meter constant of 3200 imp/kWh is chosen as an appropriate
constant. This means that under a steady load of 1 kW, the
output frequency on CF would be:
Frequency CF
imp kWh
Hz
(
)
/
.
=
=
=
3200
60
60
3200
3600
0 8888
min
sec
Assuming the meter is set up with a test current (basic current) of
20 A and a line voltage of 220 V for calibration, the load is cal-
culated as 220 V
20 A = 4.4 kW. Therefore, the expected output
frequency on CF under this steady load condition would be
4.4
0.8888 Hz = 3.9111 Hz. Under these load conditions the
transducers on Channel 1 and Channel 2 should be selected such
that the signal on the voltage channel should see approximately
half scale and the signal on the current channel about 1/8 of full
scale (assuming a maximum current of 80 A). The average value
from LPF2 is calculated as 3,276.81 decimal using the calibration
mode as described above. Then using Equation 8 (Energy to Fre-
quency Conversion), the frequency under this load is calculated as:
Frequency CF
MHz
Hz
(
)
.
.
.
=
=
3276 81
3 579545
2
349 566
25
This is the frequency with the contents of the CFNUM and CFDEN
registers equal to 000h. The desired frequency out is 3.9111 Hz.
Therefore, the CF frequency must be divided by 349.566/3.9111 Hz
or 89.3779 decimal. This is achieved by loading the pair of CF
Divider registers with the closest rational number. In this case
the closest rational number is found to be 25/2234 (or 19h/8BAh).
Therefore, 18h and 8B9h should be written to the CFNUM and
CFDEN registers respectively. Note that the CF frequency is
divided by the contents of (CFNUM + 1)/(CFDEN + 1). With
the CF Divide registers contents equal to 18h/8B9h, the output
frequency is given as 349.566 Hz / 89.36 = 3.91188 Hz. Note
that this setting has an error of +0.02%.
Calibrating CF is made easy by using the Line Cycle Energy
Accumulation mode on the ADE7759 provided that the line
frequency is accurately known during calibration. Using Line
Cycle Energy Accumulation mode, the calibration time can be
reduced by synchronizing energy accumulation to the zero cross-
ing of the voltage channel. See Line Cycle Energy Accumulation
Mode section. However, this requires the line frequency to be
precisely known. As shown in Equation 16, the average value of
LPF2 is directly proportional to the line frequency. Any deviation
from the nominal frequency will directly affect the calibration
result. The line frequency could be measured using the ZX output
of the ADE7759. Alternatively, the average value of LPF2 can
be calculated from the output frequency from CF--see Energy
to Frequency Conversion section.
Note that besides CFNUM and CFDEN registers, changing
APGAIN[11:0] register will also affect the output frequency from
CF. The APGAIN register has a resolution of 0.0244%/LSB.
Energy Meter Display
Besides the pulse output, which is used to verify calibration, a
solid state energy meter will very often require some form of
display. The display should show the amount of energy consumed
in kWh (Killowatt Hours). One convenient and simple way to
interface the ADE7759 to a display or energy register (e.g., MCU
with nonvolatile memory) is to use CF. For example the CF
frequency could be calibrated to 1,000 imp/kWhr. The MCU
would count pulses from CF. Every pulse would be equivalent
to 1 watt-hour. If more resolution is required, the CF frequency
could be set to, say, 10,000 imp/kWh.
If more flexibility is required when monitoring energy usage, the
Active Energy register (AENERGY) can be used to calculate
energy. A full description of this register can be found in the
Energy Calculation section. The AENERGY register gives the
user both sign and magnitude information regarding energy
consumption. On completion of the CF frequency output cali-
bration, i.e., after the Active Power Gain (APGAIN) register has
been adjusted, a second calibration sequence can be initiated.
The purpose of this second calibration routine is to determine a
kWh/LSB coefficient for the AENERGY register. Once the
coefficient has been calculated, the MCU can determine the
energy consumption at any time by reading the AENERGY
contents and multiplying by the coefficient to calculate kWh.
CLKIN FREQUENCY
In this data sheet, the characteristics of the ADE7759 are shown
with the CLKIN frequency equal to 3.579545 MHz. However,
the ADE7759 is designed to have the same accuracy at any
CLKIN frequency within the specified range. If the CLKIN
frequency is not 3.579545 MHz, various timing and filter charac-
teristics will need to be redefined with the new CLKIN frequency.
For example, the cutoff frequencies of all digital filters (LPF1,
LPF2, HPF1, etc.) will shift in proportion to the change in CLKIN
frequency according to the following equation:
New Frequency
Original Frequency
CLKIN Frequency
MHz
=
3 579545
.
(17)
The change of CLKIN frequency does not affect the timing
characteristics of the serial interface because the data transfer is
synchronized with serial clock signal (SCLK). But one needs to
observe the read/write timing of the serial data transfer--see
Timing Characteristics. Table III lists various timing changes
that are affected by CLKIN frequency.
REV. 0
ADE7759
26
Table III. Frequency Dependencies of the ADE7759 Parameters
Parameter
CLKIN Dependency
Nyquist frequency for CH 1 and 2 ADCs
CLKIN/8
PHCAL resolution (seconds per LSB)
4/CLKIN
Active Energy register update rate (Hz)
CLKIN/4
Waveform sampling rate (Number of
samples per second)
WAVSEL 1, 0 = 0
0
CLKIN/128
0
1
CLKIN/256
1
0
CLKIN/512
1
1
CLKIN/1024
Maximum ZXTOUT period
524,288/CLKIN
SUSPENDING THE ADE7759 FUNCTIONALITY
The analog and the digital circuit can be suspended separately.
The analog portion of the ADE7759 can be suspended by setting
the ASUSPEND bit (Bit 4) of the mode register to logic high--
see Mode Register. In suspend mode, all waveform samples from
the ADCs will be set to zeros. The digital circuitry can be halted
by stopping the CLKIN input and maintaining a logic high or
low on CLKIN pin. The ADE7759 can be reactivated by restoring
the CLKIN input and setting the ASUSPEND bit to logic low.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Application note AN-564 contains detailed information on how to
design a ANSI Class 100 Watt-Hour meter based on the ADE7756,
a pin-to-pin compatible product with the ADE7759. Application
Note AN-578 describes an algorithm on how to calculate the voltage
and current rms values using an external MCU. It is available from
the ADE7756 product homepage under the Application Note link
on the energy metering homepage, www.analog.com/energymeter.
SERIAL INTERFACE
All ADE7759 functionality is accessible via several on-chip
registers--see Figure 41. The contents of these registers can be
updated or read using the on-chip serial interface. After power-on
or toggling the
RESET pin low or a falling edge on CS, the
ADE7759 is placed in communications mode. In communications
mode the ADE7759 expects a write to its Communications register.
The data written to the Communications register determines
whether the next data transfer operation will be a read or a write
and also which register is accessed. Therefore, all data transfer
operations with the ADE7759, whether a read or a write, must
begin with a write to the Communications register.
COMMUNICATIONS
REGISTER
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
IN
OUT
REGISTER #1
REGISTER #2
REGISTER #3
REGISTER #n 1
REGISTER #n
REGISTER
ADDRESS
DECODE
DIN
DOUT
Figure 41. Addressing ADE7759 Registers via the
Communications Register
The Communications register is an 8-bit wide register. The MSB
determines whether the next data transfer operation is a read or
a write. The five LSBs contain the address of the register to be
accessed. See Communications Register section for a more
detailed description. Figure 42 and Figure 43 show the data
transfer sequences for a read and write operation, respectively.
On completion of a data transfer (read or write) the ADE7759
once again enters communications mode.
DIN
SCLK
CS
DOUT
COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER WRITE
MULTIBYTE READ DATA
ADDRESS
0
0
0
Figure 42. Reading Data from the ADE7759 via the
Serial Interface
DIN
SCLK
CS
COMMUNICATIONS REGISTER WRITE
ADDRESS
0
0
1
MULTIBYTE WRITE DATA
Figure 43. Writing Data to the ADE7759 via the Serial
Interface
A data transfer is complete when the LSB of the ADE7759
register being addressed (for a write or a read) is transferred to
or from the ADE7759.
The Serial Interface of the ADE7759 is made up of four signals:
SCLK, DIN, DOUT and
CS. The serial clock for a data transfer is
applied at the SCLK logic input. This logic input has a Schmitt-
trigger input structure, which allows slow rising (and falling)
clock edges to be used. All data transfer operations are synchro-
nized to the serial clock. Data is shifted into the ADE7759 at the
DIN logic input on the falling edge of SCLK. Data is shifted out
of the ADE7759 at the DOUT logic output on a rising edge of
SCLK. The
CS logic input is the chip select input. This input is
used when multiple devices share the serial bus. A falling edge on
CS also resets the serial interface and places the ADE7759 in
communications mode. The
CS input should be driven low for
the entire data transfer operation. Bringing
CS high during a data
transfer operation will abort the transfer and place the serial bus
in a high impedance state. The
CS logic input may be tied low if
the ADE7759 is the only device on the serial bus. However with
CS
tied low, all initiated data transfer operations must be fully com-
pleted, i.e., the LSB of each register must be transferred as there is
no other way of bringing the ADE7759 back into communications
mode without resetting the entire device, i.e., using
RESET.
Serial Write Operation
The serial write sequence takes place as follows. With the ADE7759
in communications mode (i.e., the
CS input logic low), a write to
the Communications register first takes place. The MSB of this
byte transfer is a 1, indicating that the data transfer operation is
a write. The LSBs of this byte contain the address of the register
to be written to. The ADE7759 starts shifting in the register data
on the next falling edge of SCLK. All remaining bits of register
data are shifted in on the falling edge of subsequent SCLK
pulses--see Figure 44.
REV. 0
ADE7759
27
DIN
SCLK
CS
t
2
t
3
t
1
t
4
t
5
t
7
t
6
t
8
COMMAND BYTE
MOST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
LEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
1
0
0
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
DB7
DB0
DB7
DB0
t
7
Figure 44. Serial Interface Write Timing Diagram
SCLK
DIN
X
X
X
X
DB11
DB10
DB9
DB8
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
MOST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
LEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
Figure 45. 12-Bit Serial Write Operation
COMMAND BYTE
MOST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
LEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
SCLK
CS
t
1
t
10
t
13
t
9
0
0
0
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
DB0
DB7
DB0
DB7
DIN
DOUT
t
11
t
11
t
12
Figure 46. Serial Interface Read Timing Diagram
As explained earlier, the data write is initiated by a write to the
communications register followed by the data. During a data
write operation to the ADE7759, data is transferred to all on-
chip registers one byte at a time. After a byte is transferred into
the serial port, there is a finite time before it is transferred to
one of the ADE7759 on-chip registers. Although another byte
transfer to the serial port can start while the previous byte is
being transferred to an on-chip register, this second byte transfer
should not finish until at least 4
s after the end of the previous
byte transfer. This functionality is expressed in the timing speci-
fication t
6
--see Figure 44. If a write operation is aborted during
a byte transfer (
CS brought high), then that byte will not be
written to the destination register.
Destination registers may be up to 3 bytes wide--see Register
Description section. Hence the first byte shifted into the serial
port at DIN is transferred to the MSB (Most Significant Byte)
of the destination register. If the addressed register is 12 bits
wide, for example, a two-byte data transfer must take place. The
data is always assumed to be right justified: therefore in this
case, the four MSBs of the first byte would be ignored and the
four LSBs of the first byte written to the ADE7759 would be the
four MSBs of the 12-bit word. Figure 45 illustrates this example.
Serial Read Operation
During a data read operation from the ADE7759, data is shifted
out at the DOUT logic output on the rising edge of SCLK. As
was the case with the data write operation, a data read must be
preceded with a write to the Communications register.
With the ADE7759 in communications mode (i.e.,
CS logic low),
an 8-bit write to the Communications register first takes place.
The MSB of this byte transfer is a 0, indicating that the next
data transfer operation is a read. The LSBs of this byte contain
the address of the register that is to be read. The ADE7759 starts
shifting out of the register data on the next rising edge of SCLK--
see Figure 46. At this point the DOUT logic output leaves its
high impedance state and starts driving the data bus. All remain-
ing bits of register data are shifted out on subsequent SCLK
rising edges. The serial interface also enters communications
mode again as soon as the read has been completed. At this
point the DOUT logic output enters a high impedance state on
the falling edge of the last SCLK pulse. The read operation may
be aborted by bringing the
CS logic input high before the data
transfer is complete. The DOUT output enters a high imped-
ance state on the rising edge of
CS.
When an ADE7759 register is addressed for a read operation,
the entire contents of that register are transferred to the serial
port. This allows the ADE7759 to modify its on-chip registers
without the risk of corrupting data during a multi byte transfer.
Note when a read operation follows a write operation, the read
command (i.e., write to Communications register) should not
happen for at least 4
s after the end of the write operation. If the
read command is sent within 4
s of the write operation, the last
byte of the write operation may be lost. This timing constraint is
given as timing specification t
9.
REV. 0
ADE7759
28
Table IV. Register List
Address
Name
R/W
# of Bits
Default
Description
01h
WAVEFORM
R
24/40
0h
The Waveform register is a read-only register. This register contains
the sampled waveform data from Channel 1, Channel 2, or the Active
Power signal. The data source and the length of the Waveform regis-
ters are selected by data bits 14 and 13 in the Mode Register--see
Channel 1 and 2 Sampling section.
02h
AENERGY
R
40
0h
The Active Energy Register. Active Power is accumulated (Integrated)
over time in this 40-bit, read-only register. The energy register can hold
a minimum of 11.53 seconds of Active Energy information with full-
scale analog inputs before it overflows--see Energy Calculation section.
03h
RSTENERGY
R
40
0h
Same as the Active Energy Register except that the register is reset to 0
following a read operation.
04h
STATUS
R
8
40h
Interrupt Status Register. This is an 8-bit read-only register. The status
register contains information regarding the source of ADE7759 inter-
rupts--see Interrupts section.
05h
RSTSTATUS
R
8
0h
Same as the Interrupt Status Register except that the register contents
are reset to 0 (all flags cleared) after a read operation.
06h
MODE
R/W
16
000Ch
The Mode Register. This is a 16-bit register through which most of the
ADE7759 functionality is accessed. Signal sample rates, filter enabling
and calibration modes are selected by writing to this register. The
contents may be read at any time--see Mode Register section.
07h
CFDEN
R/W
12
3Fh
CF Frequency Divider Denominator Register. The output frequency
on the CF pin is adjusted by writing to this 12-bit read/write register--
see Energy-to-Frequency Conversion section.
08h
CH1OS
R/W
8
80h
Channel 1 Offset Adjust. The MSB is used to enable the digital integra-
tor. Bit 6 is not used. Writing to Bit 0 to 5 allows offsets on Channel 1
to be removed--see Analog Inputs section and CH1OS Register section.
09h
CH2OS
R/W
6
0h
Channel 2 Offset Adjust. Writing to this 6-bit register allows any offsets
on Channel 2 to be removed--see Analog Inputs section.
0Ah
GAIN
R/W
8
0h
PGA Gain Adjust. This 8-bit register is used to adjust the gain selec-
tion for the PGA in Channel 1 and 2--see Analog Inputs section.
0Bh
APGAIN
R/W
12
0h
Active Power Gain Adjust. This is a 12-bit register. The Active Power
calculation can be calibrated by writing to this register. The calibration
range is
50% of the nominal full-scale active power. The resolution of the
gain adjust is 0.0244%/LSB--see Channel 1 ADC Gain Adjust section.
0Ch
PHCAL
R/W
8
0h
Phase Calibration Register. The phase relationship between Channel 1
and Channel 2 can be adjusted by writing to this 8-bit register. The
valid content of this two's complement register is between 9Eh and
5Ch, which is a phase difference of 2.365
to +2.221 at 60 Hz in
0.0241
steps--see Phase Compensation section.
0Dh
APOS
R/W
16
0h
Active Power Offset Correction. This 16-bit register allows small off-
sets in the Active Power calculation to be removed--see Active Power
Calculation section.
CHECKSUM REGISTER
The ADE7759 has a Checksum register (CHKSUM[5:0]) to
ensure the data bits received in the last serial read operation are
not corrupted. The 6-bit Checksum register is reset before the
first bit (MSB of the register to be read) is put on the DOUT
pin. During a serial read operation, when each data bit becomes
available on the rising edge of SCLK, the bit will be added to
the Checksum register. In the end of the serial read operation,
the content of the Checksum register will be the sum of all the ones
contained in the register previously read. Using the Checksum
register, the user can determine if an error has occurred during
the last read operation.
Note that a read to the CHKSUM register will also generate a
checksum of the CHKSUM register itself.
CONTENT OF REGISTER (n-bytes)
CHECKSUM REGISTER
ADDR: 1Eh
+
+
DOUT
Figure 47. Checksum Register for Serial Interface Read
REV. 0
ADE7759
29
Address
Name
R/W
# of Bits
Default
Description
0Eh
ZXTOUT
R/W
12
FFFh
Zero Cross Timeout. If no zero crossings are detected on Channel 2
within a time period specified by this 12-bit register, the interrupt
request line (
IRQ) will be activated. The maximum timeout period is
0.15 second--see Zero Crossing Detection section.
0Fh
SAGCYC
R/W
8
FFh
Sag Line Cycle register. This 8-bit register specifies the number of
consecutive half-line cycles the signal on Channel 2 must be below
SAGLVL before the
SAG output is activated--see Voltage Sag Detec-
tion section.
10h
IRQEN
R/W
8
40h
Interrupt Enable register. ADE7759 interrupts may be deactivated at
any time by setting the corresponding bit in this 8-bit Enable register
to Logic 0. The Status register will continue to register an interrupt
event even if disabled. However, the
IRQ output will not be
activated--see Interrupts section.
11h
SAGLVL
R/W
8
0h
Sag Voltage Level. An 8-bit write to this register determines at what
peak signal level on Channel 2 the
SAG pin will become active. The
signal must remain low for the number of cycles specified in the
SAGCYC register before the
SAG pin is activated--see Line Voltage
Sag Detection section.
12h
TEMP
R
8
0h
Temperature register. This is an 8-bit register which contains the result of
the latest temperature conversion--see Temperature Measurement section.
13h
LINECYC
R/W
14
3FFFh
Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode Half-Cycle register. This 14-
bit register is used during line cycle energy accumulation mode to set
the number of half-line cycles active energy is accumulated--see Line
Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode section.
14h
LENERGY
R
40
0h
Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode Active Energy register. This
40-bit register accumulates active energy during line cycle energy
accumulation mode. The number of half-line cycles is set by the
LINECYC register--see Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode section.
15h
CFNUM
R/W
12
0h
CF Frequency Divider Numerator register. The output frequency on
the CF pin is adjusted by writing to this 12-bit read/write register--see
Energy to Frequency Conversion section.
1Eh
CHKSUM
R
6
0h
Checksum register. This 6-bit read-only register is equal to the sum of
all the ones in the previous read--see Serial Read Operation section.
1Fh
DIEREV
R
8
01h
Die Revision register. This 8-bit read-only register contains the revision
number of the silicon.
REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS
All ADE7759 functionality is accessed via the on-chip registers. Each register is accessed by first writing to the Communications
register and then transferring the register data. A full description of the serial interface protocol is given in the Serial Interface section
of this data sheet.
Communications Register
The Communications register is an 8-bit, write-only register that controls the serial data transfer between the ADE7759 and the host
processor. All data transfer operations must begin with a write to the Communications register. The data written to the Communica-
tions register determines whether the next operation is a read or a write and which register is being accessed. Table V outlines the bit
designations for the Communications register.
REV. 0
ADE7759
30
Bit
Bit
Location
Mnemonic
Description
0 to 4
A0 to A4
The five LSBs of the Communications register specify the register for the data transfer operation.
Table III lists the address of each ADE7759 on-chip register.
5 to 6
RESERVED
These bits are unused and should be set to zero.
7
W/
R
When this bit is a Logic 1, the data transfer operation immediately following the write to the
Communications register will be interpreted as a write to the ADE7759. When this bit is a
Logic 0 the data transfer operation immediately following the write to the Communications
register will be interpreted as a read operation.
Mode Register (06H)
The ADE7759 functionality is configured by writing to the MODE register--see Figure 45. Table VI summarizes the functionality of
each bit in the Mode Register.
Table VI. Mode Register
Bit
Bit
Location
Mnemonic
Description
0
DISHPF
The HFP (high-pass filter) in Channel 1 is disabled when this bit is set.
1
DISLPF2
The LPF (low-pass filter) after the multiplier (LPF2) is disabled when this bit is set.
2
DISCF
The Frequency output CF is disabled when this bit is set.
3
DISSAG
The line voltage sag detection is disabled when this bit is set.
4
ASUSPEND
By setting this bit to Logic 1, both ADE7759s A/D converters can be turned off. In normal opera-
tion, this bit should be left at Logic 0. All digital functionality can be stopped by suspending the
clock signal at CLKIN pin.
5
TEMPSEL
The temperature conversion starts when this bit is set to 1. This bit is automatically reset to
0 when the temperature conversion is finished.
6
SWRST
Software Chip Reset. A data transfer should not take place to the ADE7759 for at least 18
s after
a software reset.
7
CYCMODE
Setting this bit to Logic 1, places the chip in Line Cycle Energy Accumulation mode.
8
DISCH1
ADC 1 (Channel 1) inputs are internally shorted together.
9
DISCH2
ADC 2 (Channel 2) inputs are internally shorted together.
10
SWAP
By setting this bit to Logic 1 the analog inputs V2P and V2N are connected to ADC 1 and the
analog inputs V1P and V1N are connected to ADC 2.
12, 11
DTRT1, 0
These bits are used to select the Waveform register update rate.
DTRT 1
DTRT0
Update Rate
0
0
27.9 kSPS (CLKIN/128)
0
1
14 kSPS (CLKIN/256)
1
0
7 kSPS (CLKIN/512)
1
1
3.5 kSPS (CLKIN/1024)
14, 13
WAVSEL1, 0
These bits are used to select the source of the sampled data for the Waveform register.
WAVSEL1, 0
Length
Source
0
0
24 bits
Active Power Signal (output of LPF2)
0
1
40 bits
Channel 1 and Channel 2
1
0
24 bits
Channel 1
1
1
24 bits
Channel 2
15
TEST1
Writing a Logic 1 to this bit position places the ADE7759 in test mode. This is intended for
factory testing only and should be left at 0.
Table V. Communications Register
DB7
DB6
DB5
DB4
DB3
DB2
DB1
DB0
W/
R
0
0
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
REV. 0
ADE7759
31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
15 14 13 12 11 10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADDR: 06H
DISHPF
(DISABLE HPF1 IN CHANNEL 1)
DISLPF2
(DISABLE LPF2 AFTER MULTIPLIER)
DISCF
(DISABLE FREQUENCY OUTPUT CF)
DISSAG
(DISABLE
SAG OUTPUT)
ASUSPEND
(SUSPEND CH1 AND CH2 ADC's)
STEMP
(START TEMPERATURE SENSING)
SWRST
(SOFTWARE CHIP RESET)
CYCMODE
(LINE CYCLE ENERGY ACCUMULATION MODE)
TEST1
(TEST MODE SELECTION SHOULD BE SET TO 0)
WAVSEL
(WAVEFORM SELECTION FOR SAMPLE MODE)
00 = LPF2
01 = CH1 + CH2 (40-BIT WAVEFORM SAMPLES)
10 = CH1
11 = CH2
DTRT
(WAVEFORM SAMPLES OUTPUT DATA RATE)
00 = 27.9kSPS (CLKIN/128)
01 = 14.4kSPS (CLKIN/256)
10 = 7.2kSPS (CLKIN/512)
11 = 3.6kSPS (CLKIN/1024)
SWAP
(SWAP CH1 AND CH2 ADCs)
DISCH2
(SHORT THE ANALOG INPUTS ON CHANNEL 2)
DISCH1
(SHORT THE ANALOG INPUTS ON CHANNEL 1)
NOTE: REGISTER CONTENTS SHOW POWER-ON DEFAULTS
Figure 48. Mode Register
Interrupt Status Register (04H)/Reset Interrupt Status Register (05H)
The Status register is used by the MCU to determine the source of an interrupt request (
IRQ). When an interrupt event occurs in the
ADE7759, the corresponding flag in the Interrupt Status register is set logic high. If the enable bit for this flag is Logic 1 in the Inter-
rupt Enable register, the
IRQ logic output goes active low. When the MCU services the interrupt, it must first carry out a read from
the Interrupt Status register to determine the source of the interrupt.
Table VII. Interrupt Status Register, Reset Interrupt Status Register, and Interrupt Enable Register
Bit
Interrupt
Location
Flag
Description
0
AEHF
Indicates that an interrupt was caused by the 0 to 1 transition of the MSB of the Active Energy register.
1
SAG
Indicates that an interrupt was caused by a SAG on the line voltage or no zero crossings were detected.
2
CYCEND
Indicates the end of energy accumulation over an integer number of half line cycles as defined by
the content of the LINECYC register--see Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode section.
3
WSMP
Indicates that new data is present in the Waveform register.
4
ZX
This status bit reflects the status of the ZX logic ouput--see Zero Crossing Detection section.
5
TEMP
Indicates that a temperature conversion result is available in the Temperature register.
6
RESET
Indicates the end of a reset (for both software or hardware reset). The corresponding enable bit has
no function in the Interrupt Enable register, i.e., this status bit is set at the end of a reset, but it
cannot be enabled to cause an interrupt.
7
AEOF
Indicates that the Active Energy register has overflowed.
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADDR: 04H/RESET: 05H
AEHF
(ACTIVE ENERGY REGISTER HALF FULL)
SAG
(LINE VOLTAGE SAG DETECT)
CYCEND
(LINE CYCLE ENERGY ACCUMULATION END)
WSMP
(WAVEFORM SAMPLING)
AEOF
(ACTIVE ENERGY REGISTER OVERFLOW)
TEMP
(TEMPERATURE REGISTER READY)
ZX
(ZERO CROSSING DETECTED)
RESET
(END OF A HARDWARE OR SOFTWARE RESET)
NOTE: REGISTER CONTENTS SHOW POWER ON DEFAULTS
Figure 49. Interrupt Status Register
REV. 0
32
C02744010/01(0)
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
ADE7759
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
20-Shrink Small Outline Package
(RS-20)
0.037 (0.94)
0.022 (0.559)
0.009 (0.229)
0.005 (0.127)
8
0
0.295 (7.50)
0.271 (6.90)
0.311 (7.9)
0.301 (7.64)
0.212 (5.38)
0.205 (5.21)
20
11
10
1
PIN 1
0.0256
(0.65)
BSC
0.008 (0.203)
0.002 (0.050)
0.07 (1.78)
0.066 (1.67)
0.078 (1.98)
0.068 (1.73)
SEATING
PLANE
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS
ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE
ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADDR: 10H
AEHF
(ACTIVE ENERGY REGISTER HALF FULL)
SAG
(LINE VOLTAGE SAG DETECT)
CYCEND
(END OF LINE CYCLE ENERGY ACCUMULATION)
WSMP
(WAVEFORM SAMPLING)
AEOF
(ACTIVE ENERGY REGISTER OVERFLOW)
NOT USED
TEMP
(TEMPERATURE REGISTER READY)
ZX
(ZERO CROSSING DETECTED)
NOTE: REGISTER CONTENTS SHOW POWER ON DEFAULTS
Figure 50. Interrupt Enable Register
CH1OS Register (08H)
The CH1OS register is an 8-bit, read/write enabled register. The MSB of this register is used to switch on/off the digital integrator in
Channel 1, and Bits 0 to 5 indicate the amount of the offset correction in Channel 1. Table VIII summarizes the function of this register.
Table VIII. CH1OS Register
Bit Location
Bit Mnemonic
Description
0 to 5
OFFSET
The six LSBs of the CH1OS register control the amount of dc offset correction in Channel 1
ADC. The 6-bit offset correction is sign and magnitude coded. Bits 0 to 4 indicate the magnitude
of the offset correction. Bit 5 shows the sign of the offset correction. A 0 in Bit 5 means the
offset correction is positive and a 1 indicates the offset correction is negative.
6
Not Used
This bit is unused.
7
INTEGRATOR
This bit is used to activate the digital integrator on Channel 1. The digital integrator is switched
on by setting this bit. This bit is set to be 1 on default.
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADDR: 08H
CH1OS REGISTER*
SIGN AND MAGNITUDE CODED
OFFSET CORRECTION BITS
DIGITAL INTEGRATOR SELECTION
1 = ENABLE
0 = DISABLE
NOT USED
*REGISTER CONTENTS SHOW POWER-ON DEFAULT
Figure 51. CH1OS Register
Document Outline
- Specifications
- Pinout
- Package drawings
- Ordering Guide
- Features
- Product Description
- Timing characteristics
- Absolute Maximum Ratings
- Functional Block Diagram
- Pin Function Description
- Typical Characteristics
- CAUTION
- TERMINOLOGY MEASUREMENT ERROR
- ADC OFFSET ERROR
- PHASE ERROR BETWEEN CHANNELS
- GAIN ERROR
- POWER SUPPLY REJECTION
- GAIN ERROR MATCH
- ANALOG INPUTS
- ZERO CROSSING DETECTION
- POWER SUPPLY MONITOR
- LINE VOLTAGE SAG DETECTION
- INTERRUPTS
- TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
- ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
- CHANNEL 1 ADC
- CHANNEL 2 ADC
- PHASE COMPENSATION
- ACTIVE POWER CALCULATION
- ENERGY CALCULATION
- POWER OFFSET CALIBRATION
- LINE CYCLE ENERGY ACCUMULATION MODE
- CALIBRATING THE ENERGY METER
- CLKIN FREQUENCY
- SUSPENDING THE ADE7759 FUNCTIONALITY
- APPLICATION INFORMATION
- SERIAL INTERFACE
- CHECKSUM REGISTER
- REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS
- DIAGRAMS
- Load Circuit for Timing Specifications
- Serial Write Timing
- Serial Read Timing
- Performance Curve (Integrator OFF)
- Performance Curve (Integrator ON)
- PGA in Channel
- Effect of Channel Offsets on the Real Power Calculatin
- Principle of a di/dt Current Sensor
- Zero Cross Detection on Channel 2
- Interrupt Management
- Interrupt Timing
-
- ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 1
- ADC and Reference Circuit Output
- ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 1
- ADC and Signal Processing in Channel 2
- Phase Calibration
- Active Power Signal Processing
- Energy Calculation
- Energy-to-Frequency Conversion
- Energy Calculation in Line Cycle Energy Accumulation Mode
- Addressing ADE7759 Registers via the Communications Register
- Serial Interface Write Timing Diagram
- 12-Bit Serial Write Operation
- Serial Interface Read Timing Diagram
- Mode Register
- Interrupt Status Register
- Interrupt Enable Register
- CH1OS Register
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