Advisory
January 2000

Ambassador

T8100A, T8102, and T8105

H.100/H.110 Interface and Time-Slot Interchangers

Introduction

This advisory describes a flaw in some devices that
the initial factory test program did not detect. The
flaw exists in some version 2 and version 3 T8100A,
T8102, and T8105 devices in both the SQFP and
BGA package types. An enhanced factory test pro-
gram has been in place since January 2000, and all
devices shipped after this date are good devices.

Problem: Data Memory Error

An error in the CAM data memories may cause the
corruption of stream data bits and/or bytes. The prob-
lem may also occur in the microprocessor read path.
Stream data may have an occasional '0' that should
be a '1'. An entire bad byte may also occur. The prob-
lem going away with lower V

is a prime indicator of

this problem. Not all devices are bad.

Workaround

There is no workaround for this flaw.

Corrective Action

Version 2 and version 3 devices that have the second
line of markings ending with W01, W02, W03, W04,
W05, W06, W07, W08, and W09 may be returned
through Lucent's return material authorization (RMA)
process for replacement or credit. Devices that have
the second line of markings ending with W10, W11,
and W12 are known good devices and do not have to
be returned. To return devices, contact your sales
person for an RMA number. Enter the RMA number
within the following return address:

Lucent Technologies
Christa Bromfield
RMA #______
555 Union Blvd., Rm. 31L-30R BU
Allentown, PA 18103

Explanation of Version Markings

The three versions can be identified by markings on
the device and apply to the T8100A, T8102, and
T8105.

Version 1

If there are only seven digits on the last line of the
device code marking, and there is not an S following
the 4-digit date code, the device is version 1 and
applies to both the SQFP and BGA package types.

Version 2

If there are seven digits on the last line of the
device code followed by a space and the letters
V2, the device is version 2; or

If there is an S following the 4-digit date code on
line 2, the device is version 2. This marking
applies to both SQFP and BGA package types.

Version 3

For the BGA package type, if the first line ends in
BAL3, the device is version 3; or

For the SQFP package type, if the first line ends
in SC3, the device is version 3.

Lucent Technologies Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is assumed as a result of their use or application. No
rights under any patent accompany the sale of any such product(s) or information.

Ambassador is a trademark of Lucent Technologies Inc.

January 2000
AY00-006CTI (Must accompany AY99-030NTNB-4 and DS00-028CTI)

For additional information, contact your Microelectronics Group Account Manager or the following:
INTERNET: http://www.lucent.com/micro
E-MAIL: docmaster@micro.lucent.com
N. AMERICA:

Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Room 30L-15P-BA, Allentown, PA 18103
1-800-372-2447, FAX 610-712-4106 (In CANADA: 1-800-553-2448, FAX 610-712-4106)

ASIA PACIFIC: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., 77 Science Park Drive, #03-18 Cintech III, Singapore 118256

Tel. (65) 778 8833, FAX (65) 777 7495

CHINA: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., A-F2, 23/F, Zao Fong Universe Building, 1800 Zhong Shan Xi Road, Shanghai

200233 P. R. China Tel. (86) 21 6440 0468, ext. 316, FAX (86) 21 6440 0652

JAPAN: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Japan Ltd., 7-18, Higashi-Gotanda 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan

Tel. (81) 3 5421 1600, FAX (81) 3 5421 1700

EUROPE: Data Requests: MICROELECTRONICS GROUP DATALINE: Tel. (44) 7000 582 368, FAX (44) 1189 328 148

Technical Inquiries: GERMANY: (49) 89 95086 0 (Munich), UNITED KINGDOM: (44) 1344 865 900 (Ascot),

FRANCE: (33) 1 40 83 68 00 (Paris), SWEDEN: (46) 8 594 607 00 (Stockholm), FINLAND: (358) 9 4354 2800 (Helsinki),
ITALY: (39) 02 6608131 (Milan), SPAIN: (34) 1 807 1441 (Madrid)

Advisory
November 1999, Rev. 4

Exceptions and Clarifications for

Ambassador

T8100A, T8102,

and T8105 H.100/H.110 Interface and Time-Slot Interchangers

Device Exceptions

Users of the

Ambassador

T8100A, T8102, and

T8105 devices should be aware of the following
device operation exceptions and the associated solu-
tions:

1. When a compatibility clock is programmed as a

slave, and the board generates A or B clocks, the
watchdog will indicate an error on the A or B
clocks it generates. The error will be reported
even though the generated clocks are good.

Workaround: Use the master board to accurately
monitor the clocks.

2. When a compatibility clock is programmed as a

slave, and the clock selector is set to A or B
clocks with slide phase alignment, the slave board
does not lock and the generated frame continues
sliding.

Workaround: None.

Product Status: Device redesign required.

3. Models of the

Ambassador

T8100A, T8102, and

T8105 devices exhibit intermittent corrupted time-
slot data. H.100 stream 0 time slot 1 (for outgoing
data) and H.100 stream 1 time slot 127 (for
incoming data at 8.192 MHz, time slot 63 for
4.096 MHz, and time slot 31 for 2.048 MHz) are
the most likely stream/time slots to be corrupted.
However, intermittent time-slot corruption may
occur in other stream/time slots.

The time-slot corruption problem occurs when a
T810x device is used in slave-timing mode, as
described in Section 2.5 of the Data Sheet. In a
typical slave timing application, a T810x device is
set to phase align to an incoming bitclock/frame
reference pair (i.e., slave to CT_C8_A/FRAME_A,
CT_C8_B/FRAME_B, C4/FR_COMP, etc.). Both
SNAP and SLIDE alignment modes are affected.
Devices that don't require phase alignment to
these clocks (i.e., the primary bus master) should
not exhibit stream data corruption.

Root Cause: The analog PLL has an error which
introduces an unexpected 6 ns--7 ns of skew.
This skew causes the phase alignment circuit to
fail intermittently, whether in the SNAP or SLIDE
mode. An intermittent SLIDE produces an internal
frame signal that does not align and phase lock
with an incoming frame reference. An intermittent
SNAP forces a reset of the internal counters and
results in corrupted stream data.

Workaround: There is no workaround. The solu-
tion is a fix to the silicon. Samples are scheduled
for release in August 1999.

4. Version 2 models of the

Ambassador

T8100A,

T8102, and T8105 devices can exhibit intermittent
corrupted time slot data in one specific configura-
tion. The problem occurs when a master T810x
device is given an 8 kHz signal as the timing
reference and multiplies it up to 2.048 MHz or
4.096 MHz in the digital PLL (DPLL). The DPLL
introduces sufficient jitter on the A or B master
output clocks that slave devices falsely interpret
as a loss of sync and either snap or slide align to
this false sync indication. This, in turn, causes
corruption of time slot data. Any master timing ref-
erence that does not make use of the DPLL does
not exhibit the problem.

Workaround: Do not use an 8 kHz signal as the A
or B master timing reference, since this requires
use of the DPLL. Instead, supply a jitter-free tim-
ing reference at any of the other allowable fre-
quencies (2.048, 4.096, 8.192 or 16.384 MHz).

Product Status: The solution is a fix to the
silicon.

Ambassador is a trademark of Lucent Technologies Inc.

November 1999
AY99-030NTNB-4 (Replaces AY99-030NTNB-3 and must accompany DS00-028CTI)

For additional information, contact your Microelectronics Group Account Manager or the following:
INTERNET:

http://www.lucent.com/micro

E-MAIL:

docmaster@micro.lucent.com

N. AMERICA:

Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Room 30L-15P-BA, Allentown, PA 18103
1-800-372-2447, FAX 610-712-4106 (In CANADA: 1-800-553-2448, FAX 610-712-4106)

ASIA PACIFIC: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., 77 Science Park Drive, #03-18 Cintech III, Singapore 118256

Tel. (65) 778 8833, FAX (65) 777 7495

CHINA:

Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., A-F2, 23/F, Zao Fong Universe Building, 1800 Zhong Shan Xi Road, Shanghai
200233 P. R. China Tel. (86) 21 6440 0468, ext. 316, FAX (86) 21 6440 0652

JAPAN:

Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Japan Ltd., 7-18, Higashi-Gotanda 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan
Tel. (81) 3 5421 1600, FAX (81) 3 5421 1700

EUROPE:

Data Requests: MICROELECTRONICS GROUP DATALINE: Tel. (44) 7000 582 368, FAX (44) 1189 328 148
Technical Inquiries: GERMANY: (49) 89 95086 0 (Munich), UNITED KINGDOM: (44) 1344 865 900 (Ascot),

FRANCE: (33) 1 40 83 68 00 (Paris), SWEDEN: (46) 8 594 607 00 (Stockholm), FINLAND: (358) 9 4354 2800 (Helsinki),
ITALY: (39) 02 6608131 (Milan), SPAIN: (34) 1 807 1441 (Madrid)

Advisory

November 1999

and T8105 H.100/H.110 Interface and Time-Slot Interchangers

Exceptions and Clarifications for

Ambassador T8100A, T8102,

Device Clarifications

The three device clarifications listed in this space have
been incorporated into DS00-028CTI.

Advance Data Sheet
November 1999

Ambassador

T8100A, T8102, and T8105

H.100/H.110 Interfaces and Time-Slot Interchangers

1 Product Overview

1.1 Features

Complete solution for interfacing board-level cir-
cuitry to the H.100 telephony bus

H.100 compliant interface; all mandatory signals

Programmable connections to any of the 4096 time
slots on the H.100 bus

Up to 16 local serial inputs and 16 local serial
outputs, programmable for 2.048 Mbits/s,
4.096 Mbits/s, and 8.192 Mbits/s operation per CHI
specifications

Programmable switching between local time slots,
up to 1024 connections

Subrate switching of nibbles, dibits, or bits

Backward compatible to T8100 through software

Programmable switching between local time slots
and H.100 bus, up to 512 (T8102, T8105 only)
connections

Choice of frame integrity or minimum latency
switching on a per-time-slot basis
-- Frame integrity to ensure proper switching of

wideband data

-- Minimum latency switching to reduce delay in

voice channels

On-chip phase-locked loop (PLL) for H.100,

MVIP

or SC-Bus clock operation in master or slave clock
modes

Serial TDM bus rate and format conversion
between most standard buses

Optional 8-bit parallel input and/or 8-bit parallel
output for local TDM interfaces

High-performance microprocessor interface
-- Provides access to device configuration regis-

ters and to time-slot data

-- Supports both

Motorola

nonmultiplexed and

Intel

multiplexed/nonmultiplexed modes

Two independently programmable groups of up to
12 framing signals each

Devices available in 0.25 micron technology

3.3 V supply with 5 V tolerant inputs and TTL-com-
patible outputs

Boundary-scan testing support

208-pin, plastic SQFP package

217-ball BGA package (industrial temperature
range)

1.2 Description

These products in the

Ambassador

T8100 family pro-

vide a complete time-slot switch and an interface for
the H.100/H.110 time-division multiplexed (TDM)
buses. The T8100 family includes devices with hier-
archical switching as well as a capacity of up to 512
local to H.100 connections. The hierarchical switch-
ing allows up to 1024 local connections without using
H.100 bus bandwidth. The family also includes the
T8102 device for a low-cost solution in nonhierarchi-
cal systems.

All three TSI chips are backward compatible with the
bus standards

MVIP

-90 and

Dialogic

�

SC-Bus, as

well as supporting the newer standards, H-

MVIP

and

ECTF H.100. Other features include a built-in PLL for
H.100,

MVIP

, or SC-Bus clock operation in master or

slave clock modes and two independently program-
mable groups of up to 12 framing signals each. Pack-
aged in both a 208-pin SQFP and a 217-ball BGA,
the T8100 TSI devices provide an economic solution
for the computer telephony market.

MVIP

is a registered trademark of GO-MVIP, Inc.

Motorola

is a registered trademark of Motorola, Inc.

Intel

is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.

�

Dialogic

is a registered trademark of Dialogic Corporation.

Lucent Technologies Inc.

Advance Data Sheet

November 1999

H.100/H.110 Interfaces and Time-Slot Interchangers

Ambassador T8100A, T8102, and T8105

Table of Contents

Contents

Page

1 Product Overview .....................................................1

1.1 Features..............................................................1
1.2 Description ..........................................................1
1.3 Pin Information ....................................................6
1.4

Ambassador

TSI Architecture ...........................12

1.5 Selecting Between T8105, T8102, T8100A,

and T8100 .........................................................12

1.6 Enhanced Local Stream Addressing.................12
1.7 Full H.100 Stream Address Support .................12
1.8 Onboard PLLs and Clock Monitors ...................12
1.9 Phase Alignment of Referenced and

Generated Frames ............................................12

1.10 Interfaces ........................................................13

1.10.1 Microprocessors ........................................13
1.10.2 Framing Groups ........................................13
1.10.3 General-Purpose Register and I/O............13

1.11 Applications.....................................................13
1.12 Application Overview ......................................13

2 Architecture and Functional Description.................13

2.1 Register/Memory Maps .....................................15

2.1.1 Main Registers ............................................15
2.1.2 Master Control and Status Register ............15
2.1.3 Address Mode Register...............................16
2.1.4 Control Register Memory Space .................17

2.2 Local Bus Section .............................................23

2.2.1 Constant Frame Delay and Minimum

Delay Connections ......................................24

2.2.2 Serial and Parallel .......................................24
2.2.3 Data Rates and Time-Slot Allocation ..........25
2.2.4 LBS: Local Stream Control, 0x0C ...............28
2.2.5 State Counter Operation .............................29
2.2.6 Software to Reset the Local Connection

Memory .......................................................29

2.3 H-Bus Section ...................................................30

2.3.1 Memory Architecture ...................................30
2.3.2 CAM Operation and Commands .................32
2.3.3 H-Bus Access..............................................36
2.3.4 L-Bus Access ..............................................37
2.3.5 H-Bus Rate Selection and Connection

Address Format...........................................37

2.4 Subrate Switching for the

Ambassador

Family................................................................39

2.4.1 Description, Operation, and Application ......39
2.4.2 Definitions ...................................................39
2.4.3 Subrate Switching on H.100/H.110 .............39
2.4.4 Using the Existing Architecture ...................40
2.4.5 Limitations ...................................................42
2.4.6 Minimum vs. Constant Delay.......................43
2.4.7 Example of a Practical Application ..............43

2.5 Clocking Section ...............................................43

2.5.1 Clock and NETREF Selection .....................45

Contents

Page

2.5.2 Dividers and Rate Multipliers...................... 45
2.5.3 State Machines........................................... 45
2.5.4 Frame Sync ................................................ 45
2.5.5 Bit Sliding (Frame Locking) ........................ 45
2.5.6 MTIE........................................................... 46

2.5.6.1 MTIE Compliance ................................. 46
2.5.6.2 Relationship of the Bit Slider to MTIE ... 46
2.5.6.3 Using the Bit Slider ............................... 46

2.5.7 Clock Fallback ............................................ 47
2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions.............. 49

2.5.8.1 Basic Fallback Mode............................. 54
2.5.8.2 CKMD, CKND, CKRD: Clocks, Main,

NETREF, Resource Dividers
0x07, 0x08, 0x09 .................................. 55

2.5.9 LREF Pairing .............................................. 57

2.5.9.1 LREF Port Configuration....................... 57
2.5.9.2 Operation .............................................. 58
2.5.9.3 Example of LREF Pairing on a T8100A 58
2.5.9.4 Advantages of LREF Pairing ................ 58

2.6 Interface Section .............................................. 58

2.6.1 Microprocessor Interface............................ 58
2.6.2 General-Purpose Register.......................... 58
2.6.3 Framing Groups ......................................... 59

2.6.3.1 Frame Group Timing............................. 60

2.7 Error Registers ................................................. 62
2.8 The JTAG Test Access Port............................. 64

2.8.1 Overview of the JTAG Architecture ............ 64
2.8.2 Overview of the JTAG Instructions............. 64
2.8.3 Elements of JTAG Logic............................. 65

2.9 Testing and Diagnostics................................... 66

2.9.1 Testing Operations ..................................... 66
2.9.2 Diagnostics................................................. 66

3 Using the TSI Devices ........................................... 69

3.1 Resets .............................................................. 69

3.1.1 Hardware Reset ......................................... 69
3.1.2 Software Reset........................................... 69
3.1.3 Power-On Reset......................................... 69

3.2 Device Settings ................................................ 70

3.2.1 Architecture ................................................ 70

3.3 Basic Connections ........................................... 71

3.3.1 LPUE Control Pins ..................................... 71
3.3.2 H.100/H.110 Data Pin Series

Termination ................................................ 71

3.3.3 H.110 Hot Swap ......................................... 71
3.3.4 Physical Connections for H.100 ................. 72
3.3.5 Physical Connections for H.110 ................. 72
3.3.6 PC Board BGA Considerations .................. 72

3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for

Connections ..................................................... 73

3.4.1 Setting Up Local Connections (T8100A,

T8105 Only)................................................ 73

Advance Data Sheet
November 1999

Lucent Technologies Inc.

H.100/H.110 Interfaces and Time-Slot Interchangers

Ambassador T8100A, T8102, and T8105

Table of Contents

(continued)

Contents

Page

3.4.2 Setting Up H-Bus Connections....................75
3.4.3 Programming Examples ..............................78
3.4.4 Miscellaneous Commands ..........................81

4 Electrical Characteristics ........................................82

4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ..............................82
4.2 Handling Precautions ........................................82
4.3 Crystal Information ............................................83
4.4 Reset Pulse.......................................................83
4.5 Thermal Considerations ....................................83

4.5.1 Thermal Considerations for the 208 SQFP .83
4.5.2 Thermal Considerations for the 217 PBGA .83

4.6 dc Electrical Characteristics, H-Bus (ECTF

H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0) ......................................84

4.6.1 Electrical Drive Specifications--CT_C8

and /CT_FRAME............................................84

4.7 dc Electrical Characteristics, All Other Pins ......84
4.8 H-Bus Timing (Extract from H.100 Spec.,

Rev. 1.0)............................................................85

4.8.1 Clock Alignment .........................................85
4.8.2 Frame Diagram ...........................................85
4.8.3 Detailed Timing Diagram.............................86
4.8.4 ac Electrical Characteristics, Timing,

H-Bus (H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0)....................87

4.8.5 Detailed Clock Skew Diagram.....................88
4.8.6 ac Electrical Characteristics, Skew

Timing, H-Bus (H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0) .......88

4.8.7 Reset and Power On ...................................89

4.9 ac Electrical Characteristics, Local Streams,

and Frames .......................................................89

4.10 ac Electrical Characteristics, Microprocessor

Timing .............................................................91

4.10.1 Microprocessor Access

Intel

Multiplexed

Write and Read Cycles..............................91

4.10.2 Microprocessor Access

Motorola

Write

and Read Cycles .......................................92

4.10.3 Microprocessor Access

Intel

Demultiplexed

Write and Read Cycles..............................93

5 Outline Diagrams....................................................94

5.1 208-Pin Square Quad Flat Package (SQFP) ....94
5.2 217-Ball Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) ...........95

6 Ordering Information...............................................96
Appendix A. Application of Clock Modes...................97
Appendix B. Minimum Delay and Constant

Delay Connections ..............................103

B.1 Connection Definitions....................................103
B.2 Delay Type Definitions....................................104

B.2.1 Exceptions to Minimum Delay...................105
B.2.2 Lower Stream Rates .................................105
B.2.3 Mixed Minimum/Constant Delay ...............106

Appendix C. CAM Readback and Pattern

Fill Mode .............................................107

Figures

Page

Figure 1. 208 SQFP--Top View ................................. 6
Figure 2. 217 PBGA--Top View ................................. 7
Figure 3. Block Diagram of the TSI Devices............. 14
Figure 4. Local Bus Section Function ....................... 23
Figure 5. Local Bus Memory Connection Modes...... 24
Figure 6. Local Streams, Memory Structure ............. 25
Figure 7. Local Memory (T8100A, T8105 Only),

Fill Patterns ............................................... 26

Figure 8. Simplified Local Memory State

Timing, 65.536 MHz Clock ........................ 29

Figure 9. CAM Architecture ...................................... 31
Figure 10. Simplified H-Bus State Timing,

65.536 MHz Clock ................................... 33

Figure 11. Illustration of CAM Cycles ....................... 35
Figure 12. Subrate Switching Example .................... 39
Figure 13. Modifications for Subrate Switching ........ 41
Figure 14. Unpacking Example Using Local

Loopback ................................................. 42

Figure 15. Constant Delay/Minimum Delay

Example .................................................. 43

Figure 16. Clocking Section...................................... 44
Figure 17. A, B, and C Clock Fallback State

Diagram ................................................... 47

Figure 18. Programming Sequence.......................... 48
Figure 19. Frame Group Output Options .................. 61
Figure 20. External Connection to PLLs ................... 71
Figure 21. Physical Connections for H.110 .............. 72
Figure 22. Local-to-Local Connection

Programming (T8100A, T8105 Only) ...... 74

Figure 23. CAM Programming, H-Bus-to-Local

Connection .............................................. 76

Figure 24. Clock Alignment ...................................... 85
Figure 25. Frame Diagram ....................................... 85
Figure 26. Detailed Timing Diagram ......................... 86
Figure 27. Detailed Clock Skew Diagram ................. 88
Figure 28. ac Electrical Characteristics,

Local Streams, and Frames .................... 90

Figure 29. Microprocessor Access

Intel

Multiplexed Write Cycle ........................... 91

Figure 30. Microprocessor Access

Intel

Multiplexed Read Cycle........................... 91

Figure 31. Microprocessor Access

Motorola

Write Cycle .............................................. 92

Figure 32. Microprocessor Access

Motorola

Read Cycle .............................................. 92

Figure 33. Microprocessor Access

Intel

Demultiplexed Write Cycle ...................... 93

Figure 34. Microprocessor Access

Intel

Demultiplexed Read Cycle ...................... 93

Lucent Technologies Inc.

Advance Data Sheet

November 1999

H.100/H.110 Interfaces and Time-Slot Interchangers

Ambassador T8100A, T8102, and T8105

Table of Contents

(continued)

Figures

Page

Figure 35. E1, CT Bus Master, Compatibility

Clock Master, Clock Source = 2.048 MHz
from Trunk ................................................98

Figure 36. T1, CT Bus Master, Compatibility

Clock Master, Clock Source = 1.544 MHz
from Trunk ................................................99

Figure 37. E1, Slave to CT Bus, Clock Source

Is Either a 16 MHz or a 4 MHz or a 2 MHz
and Frame, NETREF Source = 2.048 MHz
from Trunk ..............................................100

Figure 38. T1, Slave to CT Bus, Clock Source

Is Either a 16 MHz or a 4 MHz or a 2 MHz
and Frame, NETREF Source = 1.544 MHz
from Trunk ..............................................101

Figure 39. Constant Delay Connections,

CON[1:0] = 0X ........................................104

Figure 40. Minimum Delay Connections,

CON[1:0] = 0X ........................................105

Figure 41. Mixed Minimum/Constant Delay

Connections, CON[1:0 = 10] ..................106

Figure 42. Extended Linear (Mixed Minimum/Constant)

Delay, CON[1:0] = 11 .............................107

Tables

Page

Table 1. Pin Descriptions: Clocking and Framing

Pins ...............................................................8

Table 2. Pin Descriptions: Local Streams Pins ............9
Table 3. Pin Descriptions: H-Bus Pins .........................9
Table 4. Pin Descriptions: Microprocessor Interface

Pins .............................................................10

Table 5. Pin Descriptions: JTAG Pins .......................10
Table 6. Pin Descriptions: Power Pins ......................11
Table 7. Pin Descriptions: Other Pins .......................11
Table 8. Addresses of Programming Registers ..........15
Table 9. Master Control and Status Register ............15
Table 10. Address Mode Register ..............................16
Table 11. Control Register Memory Space ................17
Table 12. CKM: Clocks, Main Clock Selection,

0x00 ..........................................................18

Table 13. CKN: Clocks, NETREF Selections,

0x01 ..........................................................18

Table 14. CKP: Clocks, Programmable Outputs,

0x02 ..........................................................18

Table 15. CKR: Clocks, Resource Selection,

0x03 ..........................................................18

Tables

Page

Table 16. CKS: Clocks, Secondary (Fallback)

Selection, 0x04 ........................................ 18

Table 17. CK32: Clocks, Locals 3 and 2, 0x05 ........ 18
Table 18. CK10: Clocks, Locals 1 and 0, 0x06 ........ 18
Table 19. CKMD: Clocks, Main Divider; CKND:

Clocks, NETREF Divider; CKRD: Clocks,
Resource Divider, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09 ........ 19

Table 20. LBS: Local Stream Control, 0x0C ............ 19
Table 21. CON: Connection Delay Type, 0x0E ........ 19
Table 22. HSL: H-Bus Stream Control, Low Byte,

0x10 ......................................................... 19

Table 23. HSH: H-Bus Stream Control, High Byte,

0x11 ......................................................... 19

Table 24. GPD, General-Purpose Direction Control

Table 25. GPR: General-Purpose I/O Register,

0x18 ......................................................... 20

Table 26. FRLA: Frame Group A, Start Address

Low, 0x20 ................................................. 20

Table 27. FRHA: Frame Group A, High Address and

Control, 0x21 ............................................ 20

Table 28. FRLB: Frame Group B, Start Address

Low, 0x22 ................................................. 20

Table 29. FRHB: Frame Group B, High Address

and Control, 0x23 ..................................... 20

Table 30. FRPL: Frame Group B, Programmed

Output, Low, 0x24 .................................... 21

Table 31. FRPH: Frame Group B, Programmed

Output, High, 0x25 ................................... 21

Table 32. CLKERR1: Clock Error Register, Error

Indicator, 0x28 ......................................... 21

Table 33. CLKERR2: Clock Error Register, Current

Status, 0x29 ............................................. 21

Table 34. SYSERR: System Error Register,

0x2A ......................................................... 21

Table 35. CKW: Clock Error/Watchdog Masking

Table 36. CLKERR3: Clock Error Register, Current

Status, 0x2C............................................... 21

Table 37. DIAG1: Diagnostics Register 1, 0x30 ....... 22
Table 38. DIAG2: Diagnostics Register 2, 0x31 ....... 22
Table 39. DIAG3: Diagnostics Register 3, 0x32 ....... 22
Table 40.

DEV_ID: Device Identification Register,

0xFE .......................................................... 22

Table 41.

GMODE: Global Mode Register, 0xFF...... 22

Table 42. LBS: Local Stream Control, 0x0C ............ 28

Advance Data Sheet
November 1999

Lucent Technologies Inc.

H.100/H.110 Interfaces and Time-Slot Interchangers

Ambassador T8100A, T8102, and T8105

Table of Contents

(continued)

Tables

Page

Table 43. H

SL: H-Bus Stream Control, Low Byte,

0x10............................................................37

Table 44. H

SL: H-Bus Stream Control, High Byte,

0x11............................................................38

Table 45. Permitted Tag Extensions .......................... 40
Table 46. CKM: Clocks, Main Clock Selection,

0x00 ........................................................... 49

Table 47. CKN: Clocks, NETREF Selections,

0x01 ........................................................... 50

Table 48. CKP: Clocks, Programmable Outputs,

0x02 ........................................................... 51

Table 49. CKR: Clocks, Resource Selection,

0x03 ........................................................... 52

Table 50. CKS: Clocks, Secondary (Fallback)

Selection, 0x04 .......................................... 53

Table 51. CK32 and CK10: Clocks, Locals 3, 2, 1,

and 0, 0x05 and 0x06 ................................ 55

Table 52. CON Register 0x0E .................................... 56
Table 53. LREF Pairs.................................................. 57
Table 54.

CKM (0x00) CKSEL Values to Select

LREF Pairs ................................................. 57

Table 55. FRHA, Frame Group A High Address

and Control, 0x21 ..................................... 59

Table 56. FRHB, Frame Group B High Address

and Control, 0x23 ...................................... 59

Table 57. FRPH: Frame Group B, Programmed

Output, High, 0x25 .................................... 61

Table 58. CLKERR1 and CLKERR2: Error Indicator

and Current Status, 0x28 and 0x29 ........... 62

Table 59. CLKERR3: Error Indicator and Current

Status, 0x2C ............................................. 63

Table 60. SYSERR: System Error Register,

0x2A .......................................................... 63

Table 61. JTAG Instruction Set ................................. 64
Table 62. JTAG Scan Register ................................. 65

Tables

Page

Table 63. DIAG1: Diagnostics Register 1, 0x30..........67
Table 64. DIAG2: Diagnostics Register 2, 0x31..........68
Table 65. DIAG3: Diagnostics Register 3, 0x32..........68
Table 66. Device Identification Register, 0xFE ...........70
Table 67. GMODE:

Global Mode Register, 0xFF .......70

Table 68. LPUE Control Pins ......................................71
Table 69. Time-Slot Bit Decoding ..............................73
Table 70. IDR: Indirect Data Register, Local

Connections Only ......................................74

Table 71. IDR: Indirect Data Register, H-Bus

Connections Only .....................................75

Table 72. Crystal Specifications .................................83
Table 73.

Use of an Oscillator as an Alternative to

Using a Crystal ..........................................83

Table 74. Electrical Drive Specifications--CT_C8

and /CT_FRAME .......................................84

Table 75. dc Electrical Characteristics, All

Other Pins ..................................................84

Table 76. ac Electrical Characteristics, Timing,

H-Bus (H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0) .................87

Table 77. ac Electrical Characteristics, Skew

Timing, H-Bus (H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0) ....88

Table 78. Reset and Power On ..................................89
Table 79. ac Electrical Characteristics, Local

Streams, and Frames ................................89

Table 80. L_SC[3:0] and Frame Group Rise and

Fall Time .....................................................89

Table 81. Microprocessor Access Timing ..................93
Table 82. Clock Register Programming Profile for

the Four Previous Examples ...................102

Table 83. Table of Special Cases (Exceptions) .......105

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Ambassador T8100A, T8102, and T8105

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1.3 Pin Information

5-6118cF

Figure 1. 208 SQFP--Top View

CT_D28

CT_D30

VSS

LDO1

LDO3

LDO4

LDO6

CT_D27

VDD

CT_D29

CT_D31

LDO0

LDO2

VDD

LDO5

LDO7

VSS

LDO8
LDO9

LDO10
LDO11

VDD

LDO12
LDO13
LDO14
LDO15

VSS

LDI1

LDI3

LDI5

LDI7

LDI8

LDI10

LDI12

LDI14

(NC)

VSS

XCS

LDI0

LDI2

LDI4

LDI6

VDD

LDI9

LDI11

LDI13

LDI15

TCLKOUT

LPUE

PLL2GND

(NC)

PLL2VDD

/C16+

VSS

FGA1

FGA3

FGA5

FGA6

FGA8

/C4
VSS

/C16�

FGA0

FGA2

FGA4

VDD

FGA7

FGA9
FGA10
FGA11
VSS
FGB0
FGB1
FGB2
FGB3
FGB4
FGB5
VDD

FGB7

FGB9

FGB11

GP0

GP2

GP4

TODJAT/GP6

VDD

(NC)

VSS

FGB6

FGB8

FGB10

VSS

GP1

GP3

GP5

FROMDJAT/GP7

(NC)

PRIREFOUT

(NC)
EN1
4MHZIN
PLL1VDD

VDD

(
NC)

VDD

COM

VDD

/
C

8_A

/
C

8_B

SCL

VDD

(
NC)

L_R

(
NC)

LL1GN

VSS

I
N

L_R

VSS

L_S

)

RDY (

)

VSS

(R/W

)

SET

YSE

TTS

DPUE

EN2

(
NC)

208

104

105

157

156

PIN #1 IDENTIFIER ZONE

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1 Product Overview

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1.3 Pin Information

(continued)

Table 1. Pin Descriptions: Clocking and Framing Pins

Symbol

Pin

Ball

Type

Name/Description

L_REF[7:0]

45--38 P3, N4, R1, P2, N3, M4,

P1, N2

Local Frame Reference Inputs. 50 k

internal pull-up.

/C16+
/C16�

102
101

R14
P13

I/O

H-

MVIP 16.384 MHz Clock Signals. Differential 24 mA drive,

Schmitt in, 50 k

internal pull-up.

/C4

104

U16

I/O

MVIP 4.096 MHz Clock. 8 mA drive, Schmitt in, 50 k

internal

pull-up.

106

T17

I/O

MVIP 2.048 MHz Clock. 8 mA drive, Schmitt in, 50 k

internal

pull-up.

SCLK

110

R17

I/O

SC-Bus 2/4/8 MHz Clock. 24 mA drive, Schmitt in, 50 k

internal

pull-up.

SCLKX2

108

P15

I/O

SC-Bus Inverted 4/8 MHz Clock (Active-Low). 24 mA drive,
Schmitt in, 50 k

internal pull-up.

L_SC[3:0]

36--33

M3, N1, M2, M1

Local Selected Clocks. 1.024 MHz, 2.048 MHz, 4.096 MHz,
8.192 MHz, 16.384 MHz, frame (8 kHz), or secondary (NETREF).
8 mA drive, 3-state.

FGA[5:0]

94--99

R12, T13, U14, P12,

R13, T14

Frame Group A. 8 mA drive, 3-state.

FGA[11:6]

87--92

T11, P11, R11, U12,

T12, U13

FGB[5:0]

80--85 U9, R9, U10, T10, R10,

U11

Frame Group B. 8 mA drive, 3-state.

FGB[11:6]

73--78

U6, T7, R8, U7, T8, U8

PRIREFOUT

Output from Primary Clock Selector/Divider. 8 mA drive.

PLL1V

PLL #1 VCO Power. This pin must be connected to power, even if
PLL #1 is not used.

PLL1GND

No ball for this

signal, internally

connected.

PLL #1 VCO Ground. This pin must be connected to ground,
even if PLL #1 is not used.

EN1

PLL #1 Enable. Requires cap to V

to form power-on reset, or

may be driven with RESET line. 50 k

internal pull-up.

4MHZIN

PLL #1 Rate Multiplier. Can be 2.048 MHz or 4.096 MHz.
50 k

internal pull-up.

PLL2V

208

PLL #2 VCO Power. This pin must be connected to power, even if
PLL #2 is not used.

PLL2GND

206

No ball for this

signal, internally

connected.

PLL #2 VCO Ground. This pin must be connected to ground,
even if PLL #2 is not used.

EN2

PLL #2 Enable. Requires cap to V

to form power-on reset, or

may be driven with RESET line. 50 k

internal pull-up.

3MHZIN

PLL #2 Rate Multiplier. Input, 50 k

internal pull-up.

XTALIN

16.384 MHz Crystal Connection or External Clock Input.

XTALOUT

16.384 MHz Crystal, Feedback Connection.

TCLKOUT

203

Selected output to drive framers. 8 mA drive, 3-state.

CLKERR

Clock Error. Logical OR of CLKERR register flags (only). 8 mA
drive, 3-state.

SYSERR

System Error. Logical OR of all CLKERR and SYSERR register
flags. 8 mA drive, 3-state.

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1 Product Overview

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1.3 Pin Information

(continued)

Table 2. Pin Descriptions: Local Streams Pins

Table 3. Pin Descriptions: H-Bus Pins

Symbol

Pin

Ball

Type

Name/Description

LDI[15:8]

LDI[7:0]

201--194
192--185

A3, B4, C5, D6, A4, B5, C6, A5
B6, A6, C7, D7, B7, A7, C8, B8

Local Data Input Streams. 50 k

inter-

nal pull-up.

LDO[15:12]

LDO[11:8]

LDO[7:4]
LDO[3:0]

182--179
177--174
172--169
167--164

C9, A9, B9, A10

B10, A11, C10, B11
D11, C11, B12, A13
B13, A14, C13, D12

Local Data Output Streams. 8 mA
drive, 3-state.

Symbol

Pin

Ball

Type

Name/Description

CT_D[31:28]
CT_D[27:24]
CT_D[23:20]
CT_D[19:16]
CT_D[15:12]
CT_D[11:10]

CT_D[9:8]
CT_D[7:4]
CT_D[3:2]
CT_D[1:0]

162--159
157--154
152--149
147--144
142--139
137--136
134--133
131--128
126--125
123--122

A15, D13, C14, B15
A17, C16, D15, E14
C17, D16, E15, F14

D17, E16, F15, E17

F16, F17, G15, G14

G16, G17

H15, H16

H17, J15, J17, J16

K17, K16

L17, K15

I/O

H-Bus, Data Lines. Variable rate 2 Mbits/s,
4 Mbits/s, 8 Mbits/s. 5 V tolerant, PCI compliant,
50 k

internal pull-up.

/CT_FRAME_A

120

L14

I/O

H-Bus, 8 kHz, Frame. 5 V tolerant, PCI compliant,
24 mA drive, Schmitt in. No pull-up.

/CT_FRAME_B

114

P17

I/O

H-Bus, Alternate 8 kHz Frame. 5 V tolerant, PCI
compliant, 24 mA drive. Schmitt in. No pull-up.

/FR_COMP

115

M15

I/O

H-Bus, Compatibility Frame Signal. 24 mA drive,
Schmitt in, 50 k

internal pull-up.

CT_NETREF1

116

N17

I/O

H-Bus, Network Reference 1. 8 kHz, 2.048 MHz,
or 1.544 MHz. PCI driver. Not internally pulled up.

CT_NETREF2

113

N15

I/O

H-Bus, Network Reference 2. 8 kHz, 2.048 MHz,
or 1.544 MHz. PCI driver. Not internally pulled up.

CT_C8_A

118

M16

I/O

H-Bus, Main Clock. 5 V tolerant, PCI compliant,
24 mA drive, Schmitt in. No pull-up.

CT_C8_B

112

M14

I/O

H-Bus, Alternate Main Clock. 5 V tolerant, PCI
compliant, 24 mA drive, Schmitt in. No pull-up.

LPUE

205

Local Pull-Up Enable. A low disables all pull-ups
other than the CT_Dxx lines and the legacy clocks
C2, /C4, /C16+, /C16�, SCLK, SCLKX2, and
/FR_COMP. 50 k

internal pull-up. See Section

3.3.5 Physical Connections for H.110.

DPUE

Data Pull-Up Enable. High enables pull-ups on
CT_Dxx only for H.100, low disables for H.110.
50 k

internal pull-up.

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Ambassador T8100A, T8102, and T8105

1 Product Overview

(continued)

1.3 Pin Information

(continued)

Table 4. Pin Descriptions: Microprocessor Interface Pins

Table 5. Pin Descriptions: JTAG Pins

Symbol

Pin

Ball Type

Name/Description

RESET

Master Reset (Active-Low). See Section 3.1 Resets. 50 k

internal pull-

up.

A[1:0]

31--30 L4,

Microprocessor Interface, Address Lines. Internal 20 k

pull-down.

D[7:0]

22--15

H1,
H2,

G1,

H3,

G2,

F1,

G4,

I/O

Microprocessor Interface, Data Lines. 8 mA drive, 50 k

internal pull-up.

ALE

Address Latch Enable. Internal 20 k

pull-down.

Chip Select (Active-Low). 50 k

internal pull-up.

RD (DS)

Read Strobe (

Intel

Mode [Active-Low]), Data Strobe (

Motorola

[Active-

Low]). 50 k

internal pull-up.

WR (R/W)

Write Strobe (

Intel

[Active-Low]), Read/Write Select (

Motorola

[Active-

Low]). 50 k

internal pull-up.

RDY (DTACK)

Data Ready (

Intel

), Data Transfer (

Motorola

[Active-Low]).

8 mA, open drain (user should add pull-up to this line).

Symbol

Pin

Ball

Type

Name/Description

TCLK

JTAG Clock Input.

TMS

JTAG Mode Select. 50 k

internal pull-up.

TDI

JTAG Data Input. 50 k

internal pull-up.

TDO

JTAG Data Output. 8 mA drive, 3-state.

TRST

JTAG Reset (Active-Low). 50 k

internal pull-up.

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1 Product Overview

(continued)

1.3 Pin Information

(continued)

Table 6. Pin Descriptions: Power Pins

Table 7. Pin Descriptions: Other Pins

Symbol

Pin

Ball

Type

Name/Description

11, 23, 37, 49, 57,

72, 86, 100, 103,

105, 109, 111, 117,
119, 121, 127, 138,
143, 153, 163, 173,

184, 204

B2, B16, C3, C15,

D4, D9, D14, H8,

H9, H10, J4, J8, J9,

J10, J14, K8, K9,

K10, L15, N14, P4,

P9, P14, P16, R3,

R15, T2, T15, T16,

U15, U17

Chip Ground.

14, 32, 46, 63, 79,
93, 107, 124, 132,

148, 158, 168, 178,

193

A16, D8, D10, F2,

H4, H14, K4, K14,

L16, P8, P10, T9

3.3 V Supply Voltage. Decouple every V

with a 0.1

�

ceramic capacitor to V

. 1000 pF or

0.01

�

F capacitors may be used in addition to the

0.1

�

F capacitor to provide additional decoupling.

Place the capacitor as close to the V

pin as pos-

sible.

Symbol

Pin

Ball

Type

Name/Description

GP[5:0]

66--71

T5, R6, U5, T6,

R7, P7

I/O

General-Purpose Bidirectional Register. 8 mA
drive, Schmitt in, 50 k

internal pull-up.

TODJAT/GP6

I/O

Output from Selector to Drive DJAT (for
NETREF) or GP Register Bit 6.
8 mA drive, Schmitt in, 50 k

internal pull-up.

FROMDJAT/GP7

I/O

Smoothed Input to NETREF Divider and Driv-
ers or GP Register Bit 7.
8 mA drive, input, Schmitt in, 50 k

internal pull-

up.

XCS

183

Serial Output from Connection Memory. 8 mA
drive, 3-state.

TTS

Test Type Select. 0 = JTAG, 1 = forced output
test, internal pull-down.

(NC)

2, 50, 52,

56, 59, 60,

61, 62, 135,

202, 207

A12, B1, B14, B17,

C12, D5, E2, J2,

L3, M17, N16, P6,

R4, R16, T4, U3

Reserved, No Connection.

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Ambassador T8100A, T8102, and T8105

1 Product Overview

(continued)

1.4

Ambassador TSI Architecture

The

Ambassador

programmable TSIs have been

designed to meet today's switching requirements. The
T8100A and T8105 TSIs have a hierarchical switching
capability. They can switch between the local input bus
and the local output bus. They also switch between the
H.100/H.110 bus and local bus. The T8102 TSI
switches between the H.100/H.110 bus and the local
bus.

All three TSIs have circuitry for subrate switching and
can interface to other computer telephony standards
such as

MVIP

, SC-Bus, and MC-1*.

1.5 Selecting Between T8105, T8102,
T8100A, and T8100

1.6 Enhanced Local Stream Addressing

Local stream addressing has 1024 locations. Separate
connection and data memories (T8100A, T8105 only)
maintain all necessary information for local stream
interconnections. The streams may operate at maxi-
mum rate on eight physical inputs and eight physical
outputs. Choices for slower input or output rates
allow enabling of additional physical inputs or outputs
for a maximum of 16 pins each. Data rates are
2.048 Mbits/s, 4.096 Mbits/s, or 8.192 Mbits/s.

In addition to the enhanced serial streaming, the local
memories may be used for 8-line-serial-in/1-byte-paral-
lel-out, 1-byte-parallel-in/8-line-serial-out, or 1-byte-
parallel-in/1-byte-parallel-out options. All three data
rates are supported in the parallel modes. The
addresses for the local memories (T8100A, T8105
only) have been simplified so that stream and time-slot
designations are automatically translated to the appro-
priate memory address, regardless of rate or serial/par-
allel modes.

* MC-1 is a multichassis communication standard based on

MVIP

The devices support this standard.

1.7 Full H.100 Stream Address Support

The devices provide access to the full 4096 H.100 bus
slots (32 streams x 128 slots) or any standard subset
(H-

MVIP

has a maximum 24 streams x 128 time

slots, for example). The number of stored time-slot
addresses is limited to 512 (T8102, T8105 only) at any
one time, but these may be updated on the fly. In addi-
tion, accesses to and from the H.100 bus can be
directed through the 1024 local stream/time slots, giv-
ing a total space of 5120 time slots. Data rates are pro-
grammable on each of the 32 physical streams,
selected in groups of four. The rates are 2.048 Mbits/s,
4.096 Mbits/s, or 8.192 Mbits/s.

1.8 Onboard PLLs and Clock Monitors

The devices use rate multipliers and state machines to
generate onboard frequencies for supporting the
H.100, H-

MVIP

, MC-1, and SC-Buses. Pins are

provided for coupling the internal clock circuitry with
commonly available clock adapters and jitter attenua-
tors. If external resources are not available, an internal
digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) can be used to gener-
ate all the bus frequencies and remain synchronized to
an 8 kHz reference. One of several clock input refer-
ence sources may be selected, and separate input-
active detection logic can identify the loss of the individ-
ual input references. The entire clocking structure oper-
ates from a 16.384 MHz crystal or external input.

1.9 Phase Alignment of Referenced and
Generated Frames

If this resource is selected, special control logic will cre-
ate bit-sliding in the data streams when the reference
frame and generated frame are out of phase. The bit-
sliding refers to removing a fraction of a bit time per
frame until the frames are in phase.

Features

T8100

T8100A

T8102

T8105

Subrate

switching

Local-to-local

connections

1,024

Local-to-H.100

connections

256

512

CT_NETREFs

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1 Product Overview

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1.10 Interfaces

1.10.1 Microprocessors

The devices provide the user a choice of either

Motor-

ola

Intel

interfacing through an 8-bit data bus, a 2-bit

address bus, and multifunction control pins. All access
to the devices' memory blocks and registers use indi-
rect addressing.

1.10.2 Framing Groups

Two groups of programmable framing signals are avail-
able. Each group is composed of 12 sequenced lines
operating in one of four modes. The devices support
1-bit, 2-bit, 1-byte, and 2-byte pulse widths. Starting
position of the pulse sequences are also programma-
ble.

1.10.3 General-Purpose Register and I/O

A general-purpose, 8-bit, input/output port is provided
as either byte-wide I/O or bit addressed I/O.

1.11 Applications

Computer-telephony systems

Enhanced service platforms

WAN access devices

PBXs

Wireless base stations

1.12 Application Overview

The integration of computers and telecommunications
has enabled a wide range of new communications
applications and has fueled an enormous growth in
communications markets. A key element in the devel-
opment of computer-based communications equipment
has been the addition of an auxiliary telecom bus to
existing computer systems. Most manufacturers of
high-capacity, computer-based telecommunications
equipment have incorporated some such telecom
bus in their systems. Typically, these buses and bus
interfaces are designed to transport and switch
N x 64 kbits/s low-latency telecom traffic between
boards within the computer, independent of the com-
puter's I/O and memory buses. At least a half dozen of
these PC-based telecom buses emerged in the early
1990s for use within equipment based on ISA/EISA
and MCA computers.

With the advent of the H.100 bus specification by the
Enterprise Computer Telephony Forum, the computer-
telephony industry has agreed on a single telecom bus
for use with PCI and compact PCI computers. H.100
facilitates interoperation of components, thus providing
maximum flexibility to equipment manufacturers, value-
added resellers, system integrators, and others build-
ing computer-based telecommunications applications.

2 Architecture and Functional
Description

The devices are H.100-compliant and provide a com-
plete interface between the H.100 bus and a wide vari-
ety of telephony interface components, processors,
and other circuits. The bus interface provides all signals
needed for the H.100 bus, the H-

MVIP

and

MVIP

-90

buses, or the SC-Bus. Local interfaces include 16 serial
inputs and 16 serial outputs based on the Lucent Tech-
nologies Microelectronics Group concentration high-
way interface (CHI). The T8100A and the T8105
include two built-in time-slot interchangers. The first
provides a local switching domain with up to 1024 pro-
grammable connections between time slots on the local
CHI inputs and outputs. The second provides program-
mable connections between any time slot on the H.100
bus and any time slot in the local switching domain.
The T8105 has 512 programmable connections while
the T8100A has 256. The T8102 has only 1 TSI for
switching up to 512 programmable connections on the
H.100 bus and any time slot in the local switching
domain. All

Ambassador

devices are configured via a

microprocessor interface. This interface can also read
and write time slot and device data. Onboard clock cir-
cuitry, including a DPLL, supports all H.100 clock
modes including

MVIP

and SC-Bus compatibility

clocks. The local CHI interfaces support PCM rates of
2.048 Mbits/s, 4.096 Mbits/s, and 8.192 Mbits/s. Each
device has internal circuitry to support either minimum
latency or multi-time-slot frame integrity. Frame integrity
is a requisite feature for applications that switch wide-
band data (ISDN H-channels). Minimum latency is
advantageous in voice applications.

All three TSIs have the following four major sections:

Local bus--refers to the local streams.

H-bus--refers to the H.100/H.110/H-

MVIP

and

legacy streams.

Interface--refers to the microprocessor interface,
frame groups, and general-purpose I/O (GPIO).

Timing--the rate multipliers, DPLL, and clocking
functions.

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Ambassador T8100A, T8102, and T8105

2 Architecture and Functional Description

(continued)

2.1 Register/Memory Maps

In this section, a general overview of the registers and the indirect mapping to different memory spaces is
described. More detailed descriptions for using the registers in software can be found in Section 3.4 Using the
LAR, AMR, and IDR for Connections.

(Throughout this document, all registers are defined with the MSB on the left and the LSB on the right.)

2.1.1 Main Registers

The address bits are used to map a large memory space.

All registers default to 0 at powerup.

Table 8. Addresses of Programming Registers

2.1.2 Master Control and Status Register

Table 9. Master Control and Status Register

Symbol

Name/Description

MCR

Master Control and Status Register (read/write)

LAR

Lower Address Register--Lower Indirect Address (time slot) (write only)

AMR

Address Mode Register--Upper Address (stream) and Address Type (write only)

IDR

Indirect Data Register (read/write)

Symbol

Bit

Name/Description

Master (Software) Reset. A high reinitializes the registers.

CER

Clock Error Reset. A high resets the error bits of the CLKERR registers.

SER

System Error Reset. A high resets the error bits of the SYSERR register. (Note that MR,
CER, and SER are automatically cleared after the requested reset is complete.)

Active Page. This bit identifies which of the double-buffered data memories are active. A
zero indicates buffer 0; a one indicates buffer 1. The AP identifies which data buffer is being
accessed during a write operation (i.e., input from local streams or input from H-bus).

HBE

H-Bus Enable. On powerup or software reset, all H-bus pins (including clocks) are disabled.
HBE must be set high to reenable the 3-stated buffers.

LBE

Local Bus Enable. Same function as HBE for local data outputs.

LCE

Local Clock Enable. Enables all other local functions: clocks, frame groups, etc. (Note that
the TCLKOUT is disabled during a Master Reset and is unaffected by HBE, LBE, or LCE,
though there are control bits for this signal in the CKP register. See Section 2.5.8 Clock Con-
trol Register Definitions for a description of the CKP register.) 3-stated if disabled.

CAM Busy. A status bit indicating microprocessor activity in any of the CAM blocks. A high
means that one (or more) of the CAMs is being accessed by the microprocessor. In most
cases, this bit will read low since there are many internal operational cycles dedicated to the
microprocessor, which allow it to finish quickly.

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Ambassador T8100A, T8102, and T8105

2 Architecture and Functional Description

(continued)

2.1 Register/Memory Maps

(continued)

2.1.3 Address Mode Register

The AMR is defined in Table 10 below where (aaaa) is the stream address and the LAR is the time-slot address of
the selected memory space.

Note: All unused AMR values are reserved.

Table 10. Address Mode Register

Bits

7--4

Bits

3--0

Register Function

0000

Control Registers.

0001

(aaaa) Local Bus, Data Memory 1.

0010

(aaaa) Local Bus, Data Memory 2.

0100

(aaaa) Local Bus, Connection Memory, Time-Slot Field.

0101

(aaaa) Local Bus, Connection Memory, Stream, and Control Bit Field.

0111

0000

Local Bus, Holding Registers, Reset.

1001
1001

0000
0001

CAM, Data Memory 1. Lower 256 Addresses.
CAM, Data Memory 1. Upper 256 Addresses (T8102, T8105 only).

1010
1010

0000
0001

CAM, Data Memory 2. Lower 256 Addresses.
CAM, Data Memory 2. Upper 256 Addresses (T8102, T8105 only).

1011

0000 CAM, Connection, Time-Slot Field.

1011

0001

CAM, Connection, Stream, and Control Bit Field.

1011

0010

CAM, Connection, Tag Field.

1011

0011

CAM, Connection, Subrate Control, Tag Field MSB.

1110

0000

CAM, Even, Make Connection (MKCE). Write to Next Free Location.

1110

0001

CAM, Odd, Make Connection (MKCO). Write to Next Free Location.

1110

0011

CAM, Local, Make Connection (MKCL). Write to Next Free Location.

1110

0100

CAM, Even, Break Connection (BKCE).

1110

0101

CAM, Odd, Break Connection (BKCO).

1110

0111

CAM, Local, Break Connection (BKCL).

1110
1100

1000
1000

CAM, Even, Clear Location (CLLE). Lower 256 Range. Requires LAR.
CAM, Even, Clear Location (CLLE). Upper 256 Range. Requires LAR (T8102, T8105 only).

1110
1100

1001
1001

CAM, Odd, Clear Location (CLLO). Lower 256 Range. Requires LAR.
CAM, Odd, Clear Location (CLLO). Upper 256 Range. Requires LAR (T8102, T8105 only).

1110
1100

1011
1011

CAM, Local, Clear Location (CLLL). Lower 256 Range. Requires LAR.
CAM, Local, Clear Location (CLLL). Upper 256 Range. Requires LAR (T8102, T8105 only).

1110
1100

1100
1100

CAM, Even, Read Location (RDCE). Lower 256 Range. Requires LAR, IDR Holds Results.
CAM, Even, Read Location (RDCE). Upper 256 Range. Requires LAR, IDR Holds Results (T8102, T8105 only).

1110
1100

1101
1101

CAM, Odd, Read Location (RDCO). Lower 256 Range. Requires LAR, IDR Holds Results.
CAM, Odd, Read Location (RDCO). Upper 256 Range. Requires LAR, IDR Holds Results (T8102, T8105 only).

1110
1100

1111
1111

CAM, Local, Read Location (RDCL). Lower 256 Range. Requires LAR, IDR Holds Results.
CAM, Local, Read Location (RDCL). Upper 256 Range. Requires LAR, IDR Holds Results (T8102, T8105 only).

1111

0000

CAM, Even, Find Entry (FENE). IDR Holds Results.

1111

0001

CAM, Odd, Find Entry (FENO). IDR Holds Results.

1111

0011

CAM, Local, Find Entry (FENL). IDR Holds Results.

1111

1000

CAM, Even, Reset (RSCE).

1111

1001

CAM, Odd, Reset (RSCO).

1111

1011

CAM, Local, Reset (RSCL).

1111

1100

CAM, Holding Registers, Reset (RCH).

1111

CAM, Initialize (CI). Reset All CAM Locations and Holding Registers.

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2 Architecture and Functional Description

(continued)

2.1 Register/Memory Maps

(continued)

2.1.4 Control Register Memory Space

Function of LAR values when AMR = 0x00. All control registers reset to 0x00. All designations of MSB (most signif-
icant bit) and LSB (least significant bit) are shown.

Table 11. Control Register Memory Space

Register Address

Register Mnemonic

Description

Refer to Section

0, 0x00

CKM

Clocks, Main Clock Selections

2.5.8

1, 0x01

CKN

Clocks, NETREF Selections

2.5.8

2, 0x02

CKP

Clocks, Programmable Outputs

2.5.8

3, 0x03

CKR

Clocks, Resource Selection

2.5.8

4, 0x04

CKS

Clocks, Secondary (Fallback) Selection

2.5.8

5, 0x05

CK32

Clocks, Locals 3 and 2

2.5.8

6, 0x06

CK10

Clocks, Locals 1 and 0

2.5.8

7, 0x07

CKMD

Clocks, Main Divider

2.5.8

8, 0x08

CKND

Clocks, NETREF Divider

2.5.8

9, 0x09

CKRD

Clocks, Resource Divider

2.5.8

10--11, 0x0A--0x0B

(Reserved)

12, 0x0C

LBS

Local Stream Control

2.2.4

13, 0x0D

(Reserved)

14, 0x0E

CON

Connection Delay Type

Appendix B

15, 0x0F

(Reserved)

16, 0x10

HSL

H-Bus Stream Control, Low Byte

2.3.5

17, 0x11

HSH

H-Bus Stream Control, High Byte

2.3.5

18--22, 0x12--0x16

(Reserved)

23, 0x17

GPD

General-purpose Register, Direction Control

2.6.2

24, 0x18

GPR

General-purpose I/O Register

2.6.2

25--31, 0x19--0x1F

(Reserved)

32, 0x20

FRLA

Frame Group A, Start Address, Low

2.6.3

33, 0x21

FRHA

Frame Group A, High Address and Control

2.6.3

34, 0x22

FRLB

Frame Group B, Start Address, Low

2.6.3

35, 0x23

FRHB

Frame Group B, High Address and Control

2.6.3

36, 0x24

FRPL

Frame Group B, Programmed Output, Low

2.6.3

37, 0x25

FRPH

Frame Group B, Programmed Output, High

2.6.3

38--39, 0x26--0x27

(Reserved)

40, 0x28

CLKERR1

Clock Error Register, Error Indicator

2.7

41, 0x29

CLKERR2

Clock Error Register, Current Status

2.7

42, 0x2A

SYSERR

System Error Register

2.7

43, 0x2B

CKW

Clock Error/Watchdog Masking Register

2.5.7 & 2.7

44, 0x2C

CLKERR3

Clock Error Register, Current Status

2.7

45--47, 0x2D--0x2F

(Reserved)

48, 0x30

DIAG1

Diagnostics Register 1

2.9.2

49, 0x31

DIAG2

Diagnostics Register 2

2.9.2

50, 0x32

DIAG3

Diagnostics Register 3

2.9.2

51--253, 0x33--0xFD

(Reserved)

254, 0xFE

DEV_ID

Device Revision Status Register

3.2.1

255, 0xFF

GMODE

Global Mode Register

3.2.1

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2 Architecture and Functional
Description

(continued)

2.1 Register/Memory Maps

(continued)

2.1.4 Control Register Memory Space (continued)

This section is a summary of the register functions. The
reader is encouraged to read through the rest of this
specification to learn the details of the individual regis-
ters and their interactions with the overall architecture.

Table 12. CKM: Clocks, Main Clock Selection, 0x00

Table 13. CKN: Clocks, NETREF Selections, 0x01

Table 14. CKP: Clocks, Programmable Outputs,

0x02

Table 15. CKR: Clocks, Resource Selection, 0x03

Table 16. CKS: Clocks, Secondary (Fallback)

Selection, 0x04

Table 17. CK32: Clocks, Locals 3 and 2, 0x05

Table 18. CK10: Clocks, Locals 1 and 0, 0x06

Bit

Description

Phase Alignment Enable

Phase Alignment Select

Compatibility Clock Direction

Input Clock Invert

Input Clock Select, MSB

Input Clock Select

Input Clock Select, LSB

Bit

Description

NETREF1 Output Enable

NETREF2 Output Enable

Bypass Select

Input Clock Invert

Input Clock Select, MSB

Input Clock Select

Input Clock Select, LSB

Bit

Description

TCLK Select, MSB

TCLK Select

TCLK Select, LSB

CT_C8 Pins, Input Type Select

CT_C8A Output Enable

CT_C8B Output Enable

CT_C8 Pins, Output Type Select

/FR_COMP Pulse Width

Bit

Description

Resource Select, MSB

Resource Select, LSB

PLL #1 Bypass

PLL #1 Rate Select

PLL #2 Bypass

PLL #2 Rate Select

SCLK Output Select, MSB

SCLK Output Select, LSB

Bit

Description

Secondary Resource Select, MSB

Secondary Resource Select, LSB

Fallback Type Select, MSB

Fallback Type Select, LSB

Fallback, Force Selection of Secondary Input

Secondary Input Clock Select, MSB

Secondary Input Clock Select

Secondary Input Clock Select, LSB

Bit

Description

Local Clock 3 Select, MSB

Local Clock 3 Select

Local Clock 3 Select, LSB

Local Clock 2 Select, MSB

Local Clock 2 Select

Local Clock 2 Select, LSB

Bit

Description

Local Clock 1 Select, MSB

Local Clock 1 Select

Local Clock 1 Select, LSB

Local Clock 0 Select, MSB

Local Clock 0 Select

Local Clock 0 Select, LSB

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Description

(continued)

2.1 Register/Memory Maps

(continued)

2.1.4 Control Register Memory Space (continued)

Table 19. CKMD: Clocks, Main Divider; CKND:

Clocks, NETREF Divider; CKRD: Clocks,
Resource Divider, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09

Table 20. LBS: Local Stream Control, 0x0C

Table 21. CON: Connection Delay Type, 0x0E

Table 22. HSL: H-Bus Stream Control, Low Byte,

0x10

Table 23. HSH: H-Bus Stream Control, High Byte,

0x11

Table 24. GPD, General-Purpose Direction Control

Register, 0x17

Bit

Description

Divide Value, MSB

Divide Value

Divide Value, LSB

Bit

Description

Parallel/Serial Select, MSB

Parallel/Serial Select, LSB

Local Group A Rate Select, MSB

Local Group A Rate Select, LSB

Local Group B Rate Select, MSB

Local Group B Rate Select, LSB

Local Group C Rate Select, MSB

Local Group C Rate Select, LSB

Bit

Description

Reserved

Enable GPD (bitwise general-purpose
register)

Select NETREF1/NETREF2 as main clock in.

L_REF type select (stand-alone or paired)

Invert L_REF Frame Strobe

Invert L_REF Bit Clock

Disable Connection-by-Connection Delay
Setting

Global FME Setting

Bit

Description

H-Bus Group D Rate Select, MSB

H-Bus Group D Rate Select, LSB

H-Bus Group C Rate Select, MSB

H-Bus Group C Rate Select, LSB

H-Bus Group B Rate Select, MSB

H-Bus Group B Rate Select, LSB

H-Bus Group A Rate Select, MSB

H-Bus Group A Rate Select, LSB

Bit

Description

H-Bus Group H Rate Select, MSB

H-Bus Group H Rate Select, LSB

H-Bus Group G Rate Select, MSB

H-Bus Group G Rate Select, LSB

H-Bus Group F Rate Select, MSB

H-Bus Group F Rate Select, LSB

H-Bus Group E Rate Select, MSB

H-Bus Group E Rate Select, LSB

Bit

Description

Direction Control for GPR Bit 7, 0 = In; 1 = Out.

Direction Control for GPR Bit 6, 0 = In; 1 = Out.

Direction Control for GPR Bit 5, 0 = In; 1 = Out.

Direction Control for GPR Bit 4, 0 = In; 1 = Out.

Direction Control for GPR Bit 3, 0 = In; 1 = Out.

Direction Control for GPR Bit 2, 0 = In; 1 = Out.

Direction Control for GPR Bit 1, 0 = In; 1 = Out.

Direction Control for GPR Bit 0, 0 = In; 1 = Out.

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2 Architecture and Functional
Description

(continued)

2.1 Register/Memory Maps

(continued)

2.1.4 Control Register Memory Space (continued)

Table 25. GPR: General-Purpose I/O Register, 0x18

Table 26. FRLA: Frame Group A, Start Address

Low, 0x20

Table 27. FRHA: Frame Group A, High Address and

Control, 0x21

Table 28. FRLB: Frame Group B, Start Address

Low, 0x22

Table 29. FRHB: Frame Group B, High Address and

Control, 0x23

Bit

Description

General-Purpose I/O, MSB

General-Purpose I/O

General-Purpose I/O, LSB

Bit

Description

Start Address, Bit 7, or Programmed Output,
Bit 7

Start Address, Bit 6, or Programmed Output,
Bit 6

Start Address, Bit 5, or Programmed Output,
Bit 5

Start Address, Bit 4, or Programmed Output,
Bit 4

Start Address, Bit 3, or Programmed Output,
Bit 3

Start Address, Bit 2, or Programmed Output,
Bit 2

Start Address, Bit 1, or Programmed Output,
Bit 1

Start Address, LSB, or Programmed Output,
Bit 0

Bit

Description

Rate Select, MSB

Rate Select, LSB

Pulse Width Select, MSB

Pulse Width Select, LSB

Frame Invert, or Programmed Output, Bit 11

Start Address, MSB, or Programmed Output,
Bit 10

Start Address, Bit 9, or Programmed Output,
Bit 9

Start Address, Bit 8, or Programmed Output,
Bit 8

Bit

Description

Start Address, Bit 7

Start Address, Bit 6

Start Address, Bit 5

Start Address, Bit 4

Start Address, Bit 3

Start Address, Bit 2

Start Address, Bit 1

Start Address, LSB

Bit

Description

Rate Select, MSB

Rate Select, LSB

Pulse Width Select, MSB

Pulse Width Select, LSB

Frame Inversion Select

Start Address, MSB

Start Address, Bit 9

Start Address, Bit 8

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2 Architecture and Functional
Description

(continued)

2.1 Register/Memory Maps

(continued)

2.1.4 Control Register Memory Space (continued)

Table 30. FRPL: Frame Group B, Programmed

Output, Low, 0x24

Table 31. FRPH: Frame Group B, Programmed

Output, High, 0x25

Table 32. CLKERR1: Clock Error Register, Error

Indicator, 0x28

Table 33. CLKERR2: Clock Error Register, Current

Status, 0x29

Table 34. SYSERR: System Error Register, 0x2A

Table 35. CKW: Clock Error/Watchdog Masking

Register, 0x2B

Table 36. CLKERR3: Clock Error Register, Current

Status, 0x2C

Bit

Description

Programmed Output, Bit 7

Programmed Output, Bit 6

Programmed Output, Bit 5

Programmed Output, Bit 4

Programmed Output, Bit 3

Programmed Output, Bit 2

Programmed Output, Bit 1

Programmed Output, Bit 0

Bit

Description

Group A Output Pins Select, MSB

Group A Output Pins Select, LSB

(Reserved, Use 0)

Group B Output Pins Select

Programmed Output, Bit 11

Programmed Output, Bit 10

Programmed Output, Bit 9

Programmed Output, Bit 8

Bit

Description

C8A or Frame A Error

C8B or Frame B Error

/FR_COMPn Error

C16+ or C16� Error

C4n or C2 Error

SCLKX2

Error

SCLK Error

NETREF Error

Bit

Description

C8A or Frame A Fault Status

C8B or Frame B Fault Status

/FR_COMPn Fault Status

C16+ or C16� Fault Status

C4n or C2 Fault Status

SCLKX2

Fault Status

SCLK Fault Status

NETREF[2:1] Fault Status

Bit

Description

Even CAM Underflow Error (No Match)

Odd CAM Underflow Error (No Match)

Local CAM Underflow Error (No Match)

Even CAM Overflow or No-Match Error

Odd CAM Overflow or No-Match Error

Local CAM Overflow or No-Match Error

H-Bus Data Memory Access Error

Fallback Enable Indicator

Bit

Description

C8A and Frame A Error Mask

C8B and Frame B Error Mask

/FR_COMP Error Mask

C16+ and C16� Error Mask

/C4 and C2 Error Mask

SCLKX2

Error Mask

SCLK Error Mask

NETREF1 Error Mask

Bit

Description

(Reserved)

NETREF2 Error

NETREF1 Error

(Reserved)

NETREF2 Error Mask

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Description

(continued)

2.1 Register/Memory Maps

(continued)

2.1.4 Control Register Memory Space (continued)

Table 37. DIAG1: Diagnostics Register 1, 0x30

Table 38. DIAG2: Diagnostics Register 2, 0x31

Table 39. DIAG3: Diagnostics Register 3, 0x32

Table 40. DEV_ID: Device Identification Register,

0xFE

Table 41. GMODE: Global Mode Register, 0xFF

Bit

Description

Frame Group A Output Select, MSB

Frame Group A Output Select, LSB

Frame Group B Output Select, MSB

Frame Group B Output Select, LSB

Memory Fill Enable

Memory Fill Pattern Select, MSB

Memory Fill Pattern Select, LSB

Memory Fill Status Bit (Read Only)

Bit

Description

Frame Groups Cycle Test Enable

Break State Counter into Subsections

Bypass Internal Frame with /FR_COMPn

(Reserved)

Enable State Counter Parallel Load

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, MSB

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, Bit 9

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, Bit 8

Bit

Description

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, Bit 7

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, Bit 6

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, Bit 5

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, Bit 4

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, Bit 3

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, Bit 2

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, Bit 1

Parallel Load Value of State Counter, LSB

Bit

Description

Device Identification Number, MSB

Device Identification Number

Device Identification Number, LSB

Device Version Number, MSB

Device Version Number

Device Version Number, LSB

Bit

Description

Mode Emulation Set 2 (ME2)

Mode Emulation Set 1 (ME1)

Subrate Enable (SE)

(Reserved)

EMUL, MSB

EMUL

EMUL, LSB

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2 Architecture and Functional Description

(continued)

2.2 Local Bus Section

Figure 4 shows the local bus section function diagram.

Note:

Routing and MUXing for the H-bus section is included since the H-bus requires access to the converters
for local bus-to-H-bus or H-bus-to-local bus transfers (the H-bus is discussed in Section 2.3 H-Bus Sec-
tion).

XCS is a pseudo serial stream, read out from the connection memory on each memory access. It is read out
directly, i.e., not passing through any parallel/serial converters or holding registers, so it precedes the connection
associated with it by one time slot.

5-6102F

Figure 4. Local Bus Section Function

All of the

Ambassador

family TSIs have a local bus, but only the T8100A and T8105 have local connection memory

and local data memory for time-slot interchanging.

S/P

BYPASS

ADDRESS

BUFFER &

DECODER

CAM-

LOCAL

SELECT

P/S

BYPASS

PARALLEL

SERIAL

(P/S)

DATA BUFFER-

FROM CAM

SERIAL

PARALLEL

(S/P)

(1024 LOCATIONS

x BITS) x 2

DATA

MEMORY

CONNECTION

BUFFER-

CTL BITS

(PATTERN MODE)

1024 LOCATIONS

x 15 bits

CONNECTION

MEMORY

LOCAL STREAM

TO CAM

INTERNAL

EACH LOCATION:

STREAM = 4 bits

TIME SLOT = 7 bits

TIME-SLOT ENABLE BIT

CONSTANT/MIN DELAY BIT

PATTERN MODE BIT

XCS BIT

INTERNAL

(AMR) + (LAR)

ADDRESS

BUFFER &

DECODER

XCS

ADDRESS

BUS

DATA BUS

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

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(continued)

2.2 Local Bus Section

(continued)

2.2.1 Constant Frame Delay and Minimum Delay Connections

The local bus section contains the local connection memory (T8100A, T8105 only) and the double-buffered local
data memory. Collectively, the connection memory and data memory are referred to as local memory since it is
used for implementing local-to-local switching only. Operation is similar to other time-slot interchangers. Data is
written into the memory in a fixed order and then read out according to the indirect addresses held in the connec-
tion memory. If any of the connections on the devices are operating in constant frame delay (also called constant
delay) mode, then the output data is accessed from a second block of data memory. The input data will not be out-
put until the next frame boundary has been crossed and the memory blocks have swapped functions. Figure 5
shows an example of a set of connections which create the delay types referred to as minimum delay and constant
delay.

5-6103F

Figure 5. Local Bus Memory Connection Modes

2.2.2 Serial and Parallel

Nominally, the memory will be accessed by serial data streams which will require conversion of serial-to-parallel
(S/P) for write accesses and parallel-to-serial (P/S) for read accesses. Since the local memory can have up to 16
serial inputs and 16 serial outputs, there will be a maximum of 16 S/P converters and 16 P/S converters operating
simultaneously. If desired, eight of the S/P converters, local inputs 0--7, can be bypassed for a direct parallel write
to the data memory. Likewise, eight of the P/S converters, local outputs 0--7, can be bypassed for a direct parallel
read of the data memory. Unused S/P or P/S converters are nonfunctional in these modes.

Note: The normal serial-to-serial local streaming is not available simultaneously with any of the parallel modes.

FRAME N DATA

DATA BLOCK 0

0
1
2
3

1020
1021
1022
1023

WRITE N

READ N

MINIMUM DELAY

CONNECTION

FRAME N � 1 DATA

DATA BLOCK 1

0
1
2
3

1020
1021
1022
1023

READ N � 1

CONSTANT DELAY

CONNECTION

FRAME N DATA

DATA BLOCK 0

0
1
2
3

1020
1021
1022
1023

READ N

CONSTANT DELAY

CONNECTION

FRAME N + 1 DATA

DATA BLOCK 1

0
1
2
3

1020
1021
1022
1023

WRITE N + 1

READ N + 1

MINIMUM DELAY

CONNECTION

FRAME N + 1

FRAME N

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Description

(continued)

2.2 Local Bus Section

(continued)

2.2.3 Data Rates and Time-Slot Allocation

At its maximum, the T8100A and the T8105 will be able
to process 1024 nonblocking local-to-local connections.
The data rate 8.192 Mbits/s corresponds to 128 time
slots, 4.096 Mbits/s corresponds to 64 time slots, and
2.048 Mbits/s corresponds to 32 time slots. Since differ-
ent data rates require different amounts of memory, the
local memory can be filled in a number of ways. A non-
blocking switch permits any time slot on any stream to
be switched to another time slot on any stream in any
direction.

The local streams are arranged in three groups: A,
B, and C. Group A corresponds to the local data pins
0--7, group B with local data pins 8--11, and group C
with local data pins 12--15. The groups may be oper-
ated at any of the three data rates: 2.048 Mbits/s,
4.096 Mbits/s, or 8.192 Mbits/s; however, group B is
activated only when group A is operating below
8.192 Mbits/s. Likewise, group C is activated when
group B is operating below 8.192 Mbits/s.

Note: In order to efficiently fill the memory, the mem-

ory locations are read or filled in the same order
regardless of their activation or rate.

The streams are scanned in intervals equal to
8.192 Mbits/s time slots: first group A from 0 through 7,
then group B from 8 through 11, then group C from 12
through 15. If a group is active, the data is input from or
output to the streams in that group. If a group is operat-
ing below 8.192 Mbits/s and has already been scanned
(at the 8.192 Mbits/s rate), then the data transfer oper-
ation is ignored.

For addressing, the user directly provides stream and
time-slot information. The devices will map this into the
physical memory, regardless of which stream groups
are active or at what rate. While this makes program-
ming simpler, it makes the internal operation more diffi-
cult to understand. Several diagrams are required to
illustrate how the memory utilization works.

Unassigned time slots in the local output section are
3-stated. Therefore, multiple lines can be connected
together.

Figure 6 below shows the overall structure of the local
memory:

Note: Both the connection and two data memories are

arranged in four blocks of 256 locations each
(i.e., 4 x [4 x 64]).

The arrangement is important to establishing a mem-
ory fill pattern which supports all of the various groups
and rates. The rows of each memory, which are split
into four groups of 4, correspond to the 16 streams.
The columns correspond to 64 time-slot addresses.

5-6104F

Figure 6. Local Streams, Memory Structure

LOCATION 0

CONNECTION

LOCATION 15

EACH (SMALL) SQUARE

LOCATION 1023

DATA MEMORY 0

DATA MEMORY 1

EACH (SMALL)

TO/FROM

REPRESENTS 15 bits

OF CONNECTION

INFORMATION

SQUARE

REPRESENTS

1 byte OF DATA

LOCAL

STREAMS

MEMORY

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2.2 Local Bus Section

(continued)

2.2.3 Data Rates and Time-Slot Allocation (continued)

Examples of how the memory is filled are found in Figure 7.

Note: Again, the user needs only to provide stream and time-slot addresses; the devices will generate the internal

memory addresses.

Both the connection and data memories are filled using the same algorithm. In the case where group C is running
at 8.192 Mbits/s, group B is at 4.096 Mbits/s (or 2.048 Mbits/s), and group A is at 2.048 Mbits/s, then an additional
virtual memory space of 4 x 64 locations is created from unused locations in other parts of the memory.

5-6105F

Figure 7. Local Memory (T8100A, T8105 Only), Fill Patterns

TIME SLOT 0

TIME SLOT 2

TIME SLOT

TIME SLOT 1

TIME SLOT 3

TIME SLOT 5

TIME SLOT 0

TIME SLOT 1

TIME SLOT 2

TIME SLOT 0

TIME SLOT 2

TIME SLOT 4

TIME SLOT 1

TIME SLOT 3

TIME SLOT 5

STREAM

0--3

STREAM

4--7

STREAM

0--3

STREAM

4--7

STREAM

0--3

STREAM

4--7

STREAM

8--11

STREAM

8--11

GROUP A,

64 TIME SLOTS

GROUP A AT 8.192 Mbits/s

GROUPS B AND C OFF

GROUP A AT 4.096 Mbits/s
GROUP B AT 8.192 Mbits/s

AND GROUP C OFF

EVEN

ODD

GROUP
B, EVEN

GROUP
B, ODD

TIME SLOTS

ALL

TIME

SLOTS

TIME

SLOTS

TIME

SLOTS

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2.2 Local Bus Section

(continued)

2.2.3 Data Rates and Time-Slot Allocation (continued)

5-6106F

Figure 7. Local Memory (T8100A, T8105 Only), Fill Patterns (continued)

In any of the parallel modes (S/P, P/S, P/P), the local memories (T8100A, T8105 only) treat parallel data as a
series of sequential time slots (i.e., all one stream): 8.192 Mbits/s corresponds to 1024 time slots, 4.096 Mbits/s
corresponds to 512 time slots, and 2.048 Mbits/s corresponds to 256 time slots. The memory locations are
scanned in order from 0 to 1023 at 8.192 Mbits/s, even locations are scanned at 4.096 Mbits/s (odd locations are
skipped), and at 2.048 Mbits/s, every second even location is scanned.

TIME SLOT 0

TIME SLOT 1

TIME SLOT 2

TIME SLOT 0

TIME SLOT 1

TIME SLOT 2

TIME SLOT 0

TIME SLOT 1

TIME SLOT 2

STREAM

0--3

STREAM

4--7

STREAM

8--11

STREAM

12--15

GROUP A,

64 TIME SLOTS

GROUP A AT 4.096 Mbits/s
GROUP B AT 4.096 Mbits/s
GROUP C AT 4.096 Mbits/s

TIME SLOT 0

TIME SLOT 1

TIME SLOT 2

TIME SLOT 0

TIME SLOT 2

TIME SLOT 4

TIME SLOT 0

(USED FOR GROUP C)

TIME SLOT 1

STREAM

0--3

STREAM

4--7

STREAM

8--11

STREAM

12--15

GROUP A,

64 TIME SLOTS

GROUP A AT 2.048 Mbits/s
GROUP B AT 4.096 Mbits/s
GROUP C AT 8.192 Mbits/s

GROUP

C, ODD (

IRT

) T

I
ME

STREAM

12--15

TIME SLOT 1

TIME SLOT 3

TIME SLOT 5

GROUP

EVEN

TIME

SLOTS

ALL

TIME

SLOTS

ALL

TIME

SLOTS

ALL

TIME

SLOTS

ALL

TIME

SLOTS

ALL

TIME

SLOTS

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2.2 Local Bus Section

(continued)

2.2.4 LBS: Local Stream Control, 0x0C

The normal mode of operation for local streams is serial in/serial out, but parallel modes are available. Modes and
data rates are controlled by register LBS. The mapping is shown below. See the preceding pages for a full descrip-
tion.

Table 42. LBS: Local Stream Control, 0x0C

There are no additional registers required for addressing the local memory other than the main address registers
(discussed in Section 2.1 Register/Memory Maps). The data and connection memory locations (T8100A, T8105
only) can be queried for their contents by indirect reads through the main address registers; however, the memory
locations are referred to by the stream and time-slot designators, rather than physical address locations, to simplify
the queries.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

LBS

P/S

SGa

SGb

SGc

Symbol

Bit

Description

P/S

7--6

P/S = 00. Serial In/Serial Out.

The SGa bits control the group A pins, SGb bits control the group B pins, and SGc bits

control the group C pins. As serial streams, input and output rates within the same
group are constrained to be identical so both inputs and outputs share the same 2 bits
for programming.

The SGb bits are enabled when SGa

11.

The SGc bits are enabled when SGb

11.

P/S = 01. Serial In/Parallel Out.

SGa sets input (serial) rate using the rate definition within this table.
SGb is reserved.
SGc sets the output (parallel) rate using the rate definition within this table.

P/S = 10. Parallel In/Serial Out.

SGa sets input (parallel) rate.
SGb is reserved.
SGc sets output (serial) rate.

P/S = 11. Parallel In/Parallel Out.

SGa sets input (parallel) rate.
SGb is reserved.
SGc sets output (parallel) rate.

SGa

5--4

SGa = 00, 3-state.
SGa = 01, 2.048 Mbits/s.
SGa = 10, 4.096 Mbits/s.
SGa = 11, 8.192 Mbits/s.

SGb

3--2

SGb = 00, 3-state.
SGb = 01, 2.048 Mbits/s.
SGb = 10, 4.096 Mbits/s.
SGb = 11, 8.192 Mbits/s.

SGc

1--0

SGc = 00, 3-state.
SGc = 01, 2.048 Mbits/s.
SGc = 10, 4.096 Mbits/s.
SGc = 11, 8.192 Mbits/s.

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2.2 Local Bus Section

(continued)

2.2.5 State Counter Operation

All operations are synchronized to the master state counter. The state counter is, in turn, synchronized to the inter-
nal frame signal and driven by an internal 65.536 MHz clock. In normal operation, the internal frame and clock are
synchronized to either the H-bus or trunks (see Section 2.5 Clocking Section for a more detailed explanation of
clocking options). The local memory states (T8100A, T8105 only) are illustrated in Figure 8. The state counter is a
modulo-8192 counter (7 bits for time slot, 4 bits for stream, 2 bits for state function) which can also be reset and
loaded with other values for diagnostic purposes (as described in Section 2.9 Testing and Diagnostics). The H-bus
memories are also referenced to this state counter so that the devices maintain synchronization with the H-bus to
ensure proper access to the bus as well as ensure synchronization between the H-bus and local memory struc-
tures. The H-bus memories are discussed in Section 2.3 H-Bus Section.

5-6107F

Figure 8. Simplified Local Memory State Timing, 65.536 MHz Clock

2.2.6 Software to Reset the Local Connection Memory

When the device is powered up, random connections may exist. To clear the upper 6 bits and, therefore, all control
bits, the following sequence of instructions should be followed:

1. Write AMR = 0x00.
2. Write LAR = 0x30.
3. Write IDR = 0x0C.
4. Monitor Diag-1, 0x30, bit 0. This bit is set when the operation is complete (steps 1 through 3).
5. Write LAR = 0x30.
6. Write IDR = 0x00. This brings the device out of diagnostics mode.

After executing the instructions, the contents of the local connection memory will contain its corresponding 10-bit
address. The upper 6 bits are cleared to zero. The lower 10 bits will have an address.

61 ns

L10

L11

L12

L13

L14

L15

976 ns

CONNECTION

H6 READ

MICROPROCESSOR

MEMORY

DATA

SRAM

CLOCK

H6 WRITE

H6 READ

MICRO-

PRO-

MICRO-

PRO-

15.25 ns

CESSOR

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2.3 H-Bus Section

2.3.1 Memory Architecture

To access the H-bus, the devices use a new twist
on an existing approach to accessing large address
spaces: the data is stored in an independent double-
buffered SRAM which acts like the local data memory,
but the connection information for the H-bus is held in
three 512 location CAMs (T8102, T8105 only). Two
CAMs are used for two groups of 16 H-bus streams
each, and one CAM for all 16 local input/output pairs.
Each CAM compares 16 streams for read and write
and allows access time to the host microprocessor for
updates to the connections. Thus, each stream is
allotted three operations per 976 ns time slot, so there
are a maximum of 48 accesses per CAM per time
slot. The CAMs must operate at a rate of at least
20.34 ns/access*. The selected technology operates at
13 ns/access maximum, so an internal clock speed of
15.26 ns (65.536 MHz) is used.

For the following discussions, the reader should refer to
Figure 9. The combined comparison plus retrieval
operations take two CAM cycles, leaving little time for
microprocessor updates. To circumvent this, a separate
SRAM (actually, a register file) is tied to each CAM.
Each entry of this register file is associated with an

entry in the CAM on a location-by-location basis. (For
example, physical address 0xA7 in the CAM is coupled
with physical address 0xA7 of the register file.) The
CAMs will have only the comparand field for stream
and time-slot addresses, and the associated register
files will hold the data field, which is comprised of a tag
(an indirect pointer to the double-buffered data SRAM)
and some control bits. Using the associated SRAM
allows the operations to be pipelined so that the data
retrieval occurs while the CAMs are doing the next
comparison. The SRAM is double-buffered to permit
constant delay or minimum delay on a connection-by-
connection basis, as described in Section 2.2.1 Con-
stant Frame Delay and Minimum Delay Connections,
and as illustrated in Figure 5.

* The H-bus presents a unique set of problems. A full nonblocking,

double-buffered switch of 5120 locations has significant barriers in
size and in control of memory access time. Further, the traffic
between the local bus and H-bus is generally limited to a small
number of time slots at any given moment (120 full duplex is typical,
although we are permitting 256 duplex or 512 (T8102, T8105 only)
simplex connections), but the requirement to access any time slot
out of the full range of 5120 locations remains. To solve this, content
addressable memories (CAM) are utilized. They provide access to
the full 5120 locations through an encoded width (13 bits), but
require a depth equal to the maximum number of connections
required (512 [T8102, T8105 only]).

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2.3 H-Bus Section

(continued)

2.3.1 Memory Architecture (continued)

5-6108F

Figure 9. CAM Architecture

The maximum number of connections is set by the number of locations in the data SRAM and the CAMs. In this
implementation, 512 simplex (T8102, T8105 only) connections are permitted. Since one connection requires two
CAM entries pointing to a common data location, the maximum number of connections could be reduced to 256
simplex if all connection entries reside within only one CAM. The maximum number of connections is increased
above 512 simplex if the connection type is broadcast, i.e., from one to many.

CAM-E

CE-SRAM

.....................

255

........................

..................

ADDRESS

TAG

H-BUS:

A12 = 0

CAM-O

CO-SRAM

.....................

255

........................

..................

ADDRESS

TAG

H-BUS:

1 = 01

CAM-L

CL-SRAM

.....................

255

........................

..................

ADDRESS

TAG

A12:A11 = 11

READ/WRITE
VALID ENTRY MARKER

PATTERN/NORMAL
DATA SRAM SELECT

..................

DATA BUFFER 0 DATA BUFFER 1

255

........................

DATA SRAM

READ/WRITE AND

SRAM SELECT

H-BUS

LOCAL I/O

PATTERN MODE

OUTPUTS TAG

TO H-BUS

PATTERN MODE

OUTPUTS TAG

TO LOCAL OUT

THIS IS THE H-BUS CONNECTION MEMORY:

3 CAMS, MAXIMUM OF 48 ACCESSES PER 976 ns

TIME SLOT, REQUIRES <20 ns/ACCESS

THIS IS THE H-BUS DATA MEMORY:

EFFECTIVE ACCESS TIME < 10 ns

EVEN STREAMS

ODD STREAMS

LOCAL 0--15

A0 = 0

A12 = 0

A0 = 1

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2.3 H-Bus Section

(continued)

2.3.2 CAM Operation and Commands

The three CAMs operate in parallel. Each CAM's com-
parand field is compared with the state counter (Sec-
tion 2.2.5 State Counter Operation) which holds the
existing stream and time-slot value*. If there is a match,
the CAM issues a hit. If there is more than one match,
then it is considered a multiple hit. Likewise, no match
is a miss. As a part of the state counter, a bit is toggled
for read/write. The read/write bit is stored in the CAM,
so it becomes part of the value to be compared. If the
comparison for a write yields a hit, then there is a
request for write access to the data memory for the
incoming data from the H-bus. If the comparison for a
read yields a hit, then there is a request for a read
access from the data memory for outgoing data to the
H-bus. A miss implies no action. Any multiple hit within
one CAM block is treated as a controlled error although
it is not reported. The action taken is to acknowledge
the hit which corresponds to the lowest physical
address of the CAM. A multiple hit is assigned to be

more than one valid connection. These are prioritized
such that the match with the lowest physical address
(i.e., closest to CAM location 0x0) is the address which
is processed. Thus, errors are handled in a controlled
manner. Multiple hits can occur because multiple loca-
tions are assigned to the same time slot. Good soft-
ware and careful coding can help avoid this problem. A
controlled error has no impact on performance, and the
CAM contents are not changed as a result of the error.
The data SRAMs are actually dual-port register files
which will process both writes and reads on each clock
cycle of the clock. The devices can process a read and
write request from each CAM and two microprocessor
requests during the time of one address comparison.
Due to the fixed order of operations, the data SRAM
cannot overflow or underflow like the CAMs. The timing
is shown in Figure 10.

* As mentioned in Section 2.2.5 State Counter Operation, for each

stream and time-slot value, the state counter goes through four
functional states for each stream and time slot. These states are
used to synchronize the CAMs, pipeline register files, data SRAMs,
and microprocessor accesses just as they are used to synchronize
local memory operations and the frame groups. (Microprocessor
accesses to the memories are initiated asynchronously, though the
actual microprocessor cycles are synchronous.)

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2.3 H-Bus Section

(continued)

2.3.2 CAM Operation and Commands (continued)

A number of commands are available to control the
CAMs. Connections can be made or broken, entry data
can be searched for, individual locations may be read
or cleared, or the CAMs can be reset. The address
mode register (AMR) (see Section 2.1 Register/Mem-
ory Maps) is used to issue the CAM control commands.
Some commands require the use of the lower address
register (LAR), and some use the IDR as a transfer reg-
ister.

The tags in each CAM's associated register file refer-
ence the storage location of the data being transferred,
so each CAM/tag location also has control information.
The three control bits are read-to/write-from data
SRAM (i.e., a direction bit, located in the CAM and
used during the comparison operations), a pattern
mode enable, which bypasses the data SRAM and out-
puts the tag directly into the specified time slot for
writes to the bus, and an SRAM buffer select that con-
trols the minimum delay or constant delay select,
equivalent to the local memory's (T8100A, T8105 only)
selection of minimum or constant delay.

In addition, the CAM carries a valid entry bit. This is an
identifier for the status of the CAM (and corresponding
register file) location. If the bit is low, as all validity bits
are after a reset, then the location is available to be
written into. When data is written into a location, then
this bit is set, indicating that this is a valid entry. If spe-
cific data is no longer valid, such as when a connection
is broken, then the bit is cleared.

The CAM commands make use of either one or two
cycles. The two cycles are described pictorially in Fig-
ure 11. The reader will note that matching and retrieval
are actually separate cycles. The need for two cycles
accounts for the requirement of the pipeline register
files.

Detailed descriptions of the commands follow:

The basic make connection command is referred to as
MKCn, where n is the CAM designator*. The MKCn
uses two CAM cycles: first, the CAM is searched to
determine where to find the next free location (as deter-
mined by the validity bits), and during the second cycle,
the next empty location is written into. The MKCn com-
mand uses holding registers which convey the connec-
tion information to the CAM and its associated register
file. The four holding registers contain the lower con-
nection address (i.e., time slot), the upper connection
address (stream plus control bits), the tag LSBs, the
subrate control (7 bits), and the tag MSB. An attempt to
write to a full CAM (all 512 locations fully occupied in
the T8102 and T8105) results in an overflow error
flagged through the system error register, SYSERR
(see Section 2.7 Error Registers).

Note: A single MKCn command only specifies one-

half of a connection. The MKCn specifies the
connection address and a pointer to the data
memory, but a second connection address and
pointer to the same data memory location must
also be provided for a complete connection.

* The H-bus CAM covering the 16 even-numbered H-bus streams is

designated E, the H-bus CAM covering the 16 odd-numbered H-bus
streams is designated O, and the CAM that services the 16 local
stream pairs is designated L.

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2.3 H-Bus Section

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2.3.2 CAM Operation and Commands (continued)

If the user determines that a stream/time slot is no
longer valid, then the validity bit may be cleared by pre-
senting the connection address to the CAM and by
using the BKCn, break connection, command. The
connection that the user intends to break, which con-
sists of the time slot, and the stream plus control bits,
but not the tag, is transferred to the holding registers
prior to issuing this command. This is a two-cycle com-
mand: during the first cycle, the connection address is
presented to the CAM to identify which physical loca-
tion holds that connection address, and then, in the
second cycle, the validity bit is cleared for the identified
physical location. If there is a miss, it flags a no-match
error through the underflow bit in SYSERR.

Note: A complete connection break requires two

BKCn commands, one for each half of the con-
nection, as with the MKCn command.

The clear location (upper/lower) command, CLLn, is a
one-cycle command. The LAR contains the physical
address (i.e., the physical CAM location) to be cleared
(when AMR bit 5 equals 1, the lower bits, 0--255, are
cleared; when 0, the upper bits, 256--511, are
cleared). When it is presented to the CAM, the validity
bit is cleared, returning the location to an empty status
(i.e., it becomes available for new make connection
commands). The CLLn can also be regarded as the
second cycle of a break connection command. CLLn is
valuable if several outputs are driven from a common
input (broadcast) and the user wishes to break one of
the output connections, but leave the others intact.
When the physical location in the CAM is identified,
either by software tracking or by use of the find entry
command (later in this section), then the CLLn can be
issued.

If the user wishes to poll the CAM for its contents, then
the RDCn or read CAM (upper/lower) command can be
used to query a particular location (AMR bit 5: when 1,
equals 0--255, when 0, equals 256--511 [T8102,
T8105 only]) in a specific block using the LAR for the
location address. The contents of the CAM and tag
location are transferred to the holding registers, and
then the time slot, stream plus control, and tag are
returned (in sequence) from four consecutive IDR
reads (see Section 3.4.2 Setting Up H-Bus Connec-
tions on page 75 for more details). The MSB of the time
slot is the validity bit. The actual RDCn operation is
one-cycle.

The converse of the RDCn is the FENn, or find entry
command. It can be thought of as the first cycle of a
BKCn command. Only time slot and stream plus con-
trol bits are necessary for identifying the location. The
tag is not needed. The values returned (in sequence)
from two consecutive IDR reads (T8102, T8105 only)
or just one read (T8100A) (see Section 3.4.2 Setting
Up H-Bus Connections on page 75 for more details) to
the IDR is the physical location of the entry in the CAM
block, bits [7:0] then bit 8, if it is found. If the entry is not
found, then the underflow error bit in the SYSERR reg-
ister will be set. FENn is a one-cycle command.

RSCn is the reset CAM command, and this renders all
locations in one CAM block invalid. This can be consid-
ered a CLLn for all locations in the CAM. Two special
resets are the RCH command, which resets only the
holding registers, and the CI command, which resets
all three CAM blocks and the holding registers. All
resets are one-cycle.

2.3.3 H-Bus Access

There are 32 bidirectional pins available for accessing
the H-bus. The direction of the pins is selected by the
CAM read and write bits. Data rates for the pins are
selected in accordance with the H.100/H.110 specifica-
tions. Unassigned time slots on the H-bus are 3-stated.
Details about rate selection are provided below. Two
bits of the 13-bit address are used to select the CAM
block as indicated in Figure 9. The remaining
11 bits plus a read/write bit form a comparand that is
stored in a CAM location.

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2.3 H-Bus Section

(continued)

2.3.4 L-Bus Access

The input and output of the CAM have the appropriate links to the local stream pins so that the H-bus streams may
be routed to and from the local bus streams. The LBS register (Section 2.2.4 LBS: Local Stream Control, 0x0C)
programs the local stream rates even if accessed by the CAMs. To address the local bus CAM block, the two most
significant address bits of the physical address are set to the appropriate values as described in Figure 9. The
other bits form the comparand along with a read/write bit. When the CAM is outputting data to the local bus, it has
priority over the local bus memory. In other words, if both the local bus and H-bus access the same local stream
and time slot, the H-bus data memory will provide the actual data, not the local connection.

2.3.5 H-Bus Rate Selection and Connection Address Format

Operating rates are selected in a manner similar to the local side. Two registers, HSH and HSL, shown below,
define the operation of the 32 streams. Again, SGx refers to stream groups: HSH holds SGh--SGe where SGh
programs streams 28--31, SGg programs streams 24--27, SGf programs streams 20--23, and SGe programs
streams 16--19. HSL holds SGd--SGa where SGd programs streams 12--15, SGc programs streams 8--11,
SGb programs streams 4--7, and SGa programs streams 0--3.

Table 43. HSL: H-Bus Stream Control, Low Byte, 0x10

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

HSL

SGd

SGc

SGb

SGa

Symbol

Bit

Description

SGd

H-Bus Group D Rate Select, MSB. Programs streams 12--15. SGn = 00, 3-state

SGn = 01, 2.048 Mbits/s
SGn = 10, 4.096 Mbits/s
SGn = 11, 8.192 Mbits/s

H-Bus Group D Rate Select, LSB.

SGc

H-Bus Group C Rate Select, MSB. Programs streams 8--11.

H-Bus Group C Rate Select, LSB.

SGb

H-Bus Group B Rate Select, MSB.

Programs streams 4--7.

H-Bus Group B Rate Select, LSB.

SGa

H-Bus Group A Rate Select, MSB.

Programs streams 0--3.

H-Bus Group A Rate Select, LSB.

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2.3.5 H-Bus Rate Selection and Connection Address Format (continued)

Table 44. HSH: H-Bus Stream Control, High Byte, 0x11

A quick summary:

The CAMs and the pipeline register files operate as connection memories. The key CAM operation is based on 11
bits of stream and time slot plus 1 bit of read/write in the CAM locations compared against the state counter which
tracks the current stream and time slots (Section 2.2.5 State Counter Operation). Each H-bus CAM is looking for
matches on 16 of the 32 H-bus streams, and the local CAM is looking for a match on 16 local inputs and 16 local
outputs per time slot.

Thirteen bits are required to cover the 5120 possible time slots, but the MSB, LSB combination is used to deter-
mine which H-bus CAM is accessed: even H-bus (0, 0), odd H-bus (0, 1). The local H-bus is accessed by selecting
the upper 2 MSBs, both equal to 1. The CAM address can be thought of as following this format:

This format is rate independent. The CAM select field is part of the address mode register (AMR) for CAM com-
mands (Section 2.1.3 Address Mode Register and Section 2.3.2 CAM Operation and Commands). Program-
ming examples for setting up connections can be found in Section 3.3 Basic Connections.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

HSL

SGh

SGg

SGf

SGe

Symbol

Bit

Description

SGh

H-Bus Group H Rate Select, MSB.

Programs streams 28--31.

SGn = 00, 3-state
SGn = 01, 2.048 Mbits/s
SGn = 10, 4.096 Mbits/s
SGn = 11, 8.192 Mbits/s

H-Bus Group H Rate Select, LSB.

SGg

H-Bus Group G Rate Select, MSB. Programs streams 24--27.

H-Bus Group G Rate Select, LSB.

SGf

H-Bus Group F Rate Select, MSB. Programs streams 20--23.

H-Bus Group F Rate Select, LSB.

SGe

H-Bus Group E Rate Select, MSB.

Programs streams 16--19.

H-Bus Group E Rate Select, LSB.

CAM Select Field Time-Slot Field Stream Field

2 bits

7 bits

4 bits

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2 Architecture and Functional Descrip-
tion

(continued)

2.4 Subrate Switching for the

Ambassador

Family

2.4.1 Description, Operation, and Application

This section describes the means of implementing sub-
rate telephony switching by leveraging the existing
pipelined multistream CAM architecture. In addition,
there are implications for extending H.100/H.110 to
incorporate subrate switching without violating the
existing timing or definitions. A practical example of a
system which requires subrate switching is described
in 2.4.7 Example of a Practical Application on page 43.

2.4.2 Definitions

Subrate refers to switching fractional portions of the
data found in traditional TDM streams. Subrate does
not refer to changes in the bit rate, i.e., when the bit
rate changes, the total number of time slots per second
changes, but each time slot still contains data which is
propagated at the same data rate, namely 64 kbits/s.
Subrate refers to data propagated at rates less than
64 kbits/s.

The data byte for a given time slot can be thought of as
two nibbles, and if each of these nibbles represents a
distinct voice or signal, then it would be correct to
say that the nibbles are operating at 32 kbits/s
(= 4 bits/frame x 8K frames/second), and that the
theoretical channel capacity of the TDM stream has
increased by a factor of two. Likewise, if the data byte
is broken into four distinct dibits, then the rate is
16 kbits/s, and the capacity of the stream has
increased by a factor of 4. Finally, in the extreme case,
a data byte is treated as 8 bits, each of which has a
rate of 8 kbits/s, which means that the stream capacity
has increased by a factor of 8.

The above definition also leads to the concept of den-
sity. If only one piece of subrate data is used in a byte,
then it can be referred to as sparsely packed. Like-
wise, if all positions of the data byte contain subrate
data, the byte is fully packed or densely packed.
Packing thus refers to the utilization of the subrate data
positions in a byte.

Subrate switching refers to the transfer of subrate
data pieces (nibbles, dibits, or bits), just as switching
implies the transfer of data bytes. True subrate switch-
ing is the ability to move subrate data from any subrate
position to any other subrate position. Obviously, there
are restrictions which must be employed to make sub-
rate switching practical. This is discussed in the next
section.

2.4.3 Subrate Switching on H.100/H.110

H.100/H.110 are based on byte-oriented TDM data
streams. H.100/H.110 have well-defined electrical
parameters to describe when an output driver gains
access to the bus and when it releases the bus (at the
end of the byte). There are no provisions in either
H.100 or H.110 to extend these electrical parameters
to include driving the bus on an individual bit basis, and
due to the propagation characteristics of the bus wires
on H.100, it is not desirable to attempt to drive the bus
this way.

Since H.100/H.110 data must always be switched as
whole bytes on H.100/H.110, subrate data will have to
be packed into the bytes prior to switching. The data
bytes are not necessarily constrained to using fully
packed bytes. Any portion of a byte may be used.

An example is shown in Figure 12.

5-7152F

Progressive assembly of the output data in a location in
the H-bus data buffer as each input subrate data piece
is received:

Figure 12. Subrate Switching Example

TIME SLOT n:

TIME SLOT n + 1:

TIME SLOT n + 2:

TIME SLOT n + 3:

THE FULLY ASSEMBLED BYTE WILL BE
READ FROM THE DATA BUFFER FOR
OUTPUT DURING TIME SLOT n + 5.

A1 A2 A3 A4

D1 D2 D3 D4

B1 B2 B3 B4

C1 C2 C3 C4

A4 D3 B2 C1

INP

OUT

I
ME

n + 1

n + 2

n + 3

n + 4

n + 5

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2 Architecture and Functional Descrip-
tion

(continued)

2.4 Subrate Switching for the

Ambassador

Family

(continued)

2.4.4 Using the Existing Architecture

It is possible to create a subrate switching structure uti-
lizing a variant of the existing pipelined multistream
CAM architecture. Since access to the H-bus continues
to require bytes, the CAM size does not change. CAMs
will continue to track stream and time-slot addresses.
The changes to the architecture are all related to the
data storage as it comes in from the bus. The most fun-
damental change is that selected subrate data pieces
can be individually stored, not necessarily the entire
incoming data byte. For example, the uppermost dibit
can be stored and the other dibits ignored. Thus, with
several incoming data bytes contributing subrate
pieces, a new data byte, composed of one or more
subrate pieces from different sources, can be con-
structed. (See Figure 12.)

Structurally, the change in the data buffers is from the
existing 512 x 8 (T8102, T8105 only) register file (or
256 x 8 for the T8100A) to eight 512 x 1 (T8102, T8105
only) register files (or eight 256 x 1 register files). Each
of these columns has a separate write enable. To sup-
port this change, the tag register associated with each
CAM must be extended by 7 bits to identify the source
of the subrate data (i.e., identify which piece of the

incoming byte is to be used) and the destination of the
subrate data (i.e., identify which bits of the data loca-
tion will be written into). Table 45 Permitted Tag Exten-
sions below lists the permitted entries in the extension
of the tag. While the writes into the data buffers are fine
grained, as small as a single bit write, the reads must
be as a whole byte to maintain the byte-orientation of
the H.100/H.110 bus as described previously.

Table 45. Permitted Tag Extensions

The subrate switching is optional; a bit in the identifica-
tion register will permit the subrate operation. The bit
defaults to zero, so that the tag extension is ignored
and the data buffers are treated as 512 x 8 (T8102,
T8105 only). If set, the columns are individually
addressed by the tag extensions.

Tag

Extensions

Bit

MSB

Source

Field

Destination

Field

Byte

(1 entry only)

00x

Nibble

(4 combinations)

010--011

Dibit

(16 combinations)

100--111

Bit

(64 combinations)

000--111

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2 Architecture and Functional Description

(continued)

2.4 Subrate Switching for the

Ambassador Family

(continued)

2.4.4 Using the Existing Architecture (continued)

Figure 13 illustrates the changes to the architecture of the

Ambassador

family.

The subrate enable bit (GMODE bit 5) is intended as a static control; that is, if subrate is going to be performed,
this bit must be set before attempting any CAM operations. The internal circuit monitors the state of this bit, and
performs different command protocols depending on its value. For a T8100A device with subrate disabled, the pro-
tocol is identical to that of a T8100; that is, the SCT register is not used, writes to it and reads from it are disabled,
and the internal state machine expects (and will only handle) three IDR reads for an RDC command. For a T8100A
device with subrate enabled, writes to and reads from SCT are enabled, and the internal state machine expects
(and will only handle) four IDR reads for an RDC command.

5-7151F

Figure 13. Modifications for Subrate Switching

DATA

BUFFER 0

DATA

BUFFER 1

WRITE ENABLES

WORD

ADDRESS

SUBRATE

ENABLE

CAMS

TAGS

.
.
.

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2 Architecture and Functional Descrip-
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(continued)

2.4 Subrate Switching for the

Ambassador

Family

(continued)

2.4.5 Limitations

While the structure described above is a relatively sim-
ple extension to the existing architecture, it also
imposes one limitation which must be overcome by
application. To prevent changes in the CAM size and
operation, the assumption is that the data is utilized
only once after the stream plus time slot has been rec-
ognized. (This prevents the multiple hit/multiple access
scenario, in which a byte which contains multiple sub-
rate pieces will not have to be accessed several times.)
To gain access to all subrate pieces present in one
incoming byte, that same byte must be broadcast on
multiple stream plus time slots. In this case, each sub-
rate piece can be switched to the appropriate output.
The ideal scenario is to make use of local switching
(either the local TSI or the local CAM) to provide a
loopback for broadcasting the byte in question. Specifi-
cally, the byte is switched to multiple time slots on a
local output. (The packed byte is coming either from a
local input or from the H.100 bus.) The local output is
physically tied to a free local input, and, in turn, the
multiple time slots are subrate switched to the appropri-
ate outputs (on the H.100 bus, for example). This intro-
duces an additional delay of one frame, but allows for
efficient utilization of the H.100 bus as a subrate
switching fabric (see Figure 14).

5-7148F

5-7149F

Figure 14. Unpacking Example Using Local

Loopback

(OR LOCAL-LOCAL

VIA LOCAL CAM)

LOCAL INPUT 1

4 TIME SLOTS

LOCAL OUT 1

4 TIME SLOTS

LOOPBACK WIRE

OUTPUT

CONNECTIONS

H.100 BUS

LOCAL TSI

H-BUS TSI

(INCLUDING SUBRATE)

LOCAL INPUT 0

1 TIME SLOT

(OR LOCAL-LOCAL

VIA LOCAL CAM)

LOCAL INPUT 1

4 TIME SLOTS

LOCAL OUT 1

4 TIME SLOTS

LOOPBACK WIRE

OUTPUT

CONNECTIONS

H.100 BUS

LOCAL TSI

H-BUS TSI

(INCLUDING SUBRATE)

INPUT

1 TIME SLOT

A1 A2 A3 A4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A1 A2 A3 A4

A1 A2 A3 A4

(LOCAL BROADCAST)

INPUT

LOCAL OUTPUT

LOOPBACK INPUT

H-BUS OUTPUTS (EXAMPLE SHOWS SEPARATE STREAMS)

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2 Architecture and Functional Descrip-
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(continued)

2.4 Subrate Switching for the

Ambassador

Family

(continued)

2.4.6 Minimum vs. Constant Delay

The same issues involved with virtual framing exist in
subrate switching as in traditional switching. The sce-
nario is one in which the subrate data comes from sev-
eral sources which cross a frame boundary. The
selection of the framing bit remains identical to the byte
scenario. To maintain the virtual frame, some subrate
data must have the frame bit (FME) set, and some
must have them cleared. Operationally, there is no dif-
ference. Since the inputs and outputs are identified by
stream and time-slot addresses, charts from Appendix
B of this data sheet can be used to determine the FME
bit setting. Figure 15 below shows an example of virtual
framing for subrate connections.

FME settings for individual subrate pieces, in order to
maintain virtual frame integrity across the true frame
boundary, are based on the description in Appendix B
(all streams 8 Mbits/s).

5-7147F

Figure 15. Constant Delay/Minimum Delay Example

2.4.7 Example of a Practical Application

Three 16 kbits/s GSM voice channels are presented
with either 1 or 2 bits of HDLC/LAPD. The user wishes
to strip out the HDLC/LAPD information and pass
through the voice channels with minimum latency.

Specific requirements are listed below:

The ability to extract 1 or 2 bits from any time slot
presented. The time slots are presented via T1/E1
or from the H.100 bus. The extracted bits will be
treated as an HDLC/LAPD channel and must be
presented separately to a host CPU.

The ability to inject a 1 or 2 bit stream into any
time slot.

The bit positions to be extracted/injected must be
programmable. In the case of injection, the
injected bits will overwrite the value of the bits pre-
viously occupying those positions.

The ability to switch full time slots presented to it
while performing injection/extraction.

The terms injection and extraction are synonymous
with packing and unpacking.

Clearly, the applications for subrate switching are
numerous. In the 16 kbits/s GSM world alone, the
H.100 bus could be thought of as a 16,384 subrate
time-slot bus. Since the subrate is programmable on a
time slot by time-slot basis, mixed subrates are possi-
ble as well, even within a single time slot.

2.5 Clocking Section

The clocking section performs several functions which
are detailed in the following paragraphs. In general,
when the devices are in bus master mode, there will be
one or more companion devices which provide the
basic clock extraction and jitter attenuation from a
source (such as a trunk). As a slave, the devices can
work independently of, or in conjunction with, external
resources. Examples of different operating modes are
provided in Appendix A. Refer to Figure 16 for a block
diagram of the devices clocking section.

When the devices are used as bus masters, an input
clock of a tolerance of

�

32 ppm is required. This can

come from several sources. For example:

�

32 ppm crystal tolerance is the suggested value if

either the DPLL is used or fallback to the oscillator is
enabled while mastering the bus. Otherwise, a crys-
tal with a lesser tolerance can be used.

If a crystal is not used, a 16.384 MHz (

�

32 ppm toler-

ance or less) signal must be provided to the XTALIN
pin, and XTALOUT should be left unconnected.

The L_REF inputs can also be used and must con-
form to

�

32 ppm in a bus master situation.

FME = 0

VIRTUAL FRAME

INP

FRAME BOUNDARY

FME = 1

= �1

= +2

= +126

= +1

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(continued)

2.5 Clocking Section

(continued)

5-6111dF

* The path for XTALIN divide-by-4 is for fallback only.

Figure 16. Clocking Section

CT_NETREF2

FRAME

SEL.

x16

x32

x16

4 MHz

2 MHz

FRAME SYNC

DPLL

NETREF

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

CLOCK

RESOURCE

SELECT

DIVIDE-

BY-4

GP6

GP7

NETREF

INT/EXT
SELECT

BIT SLIDER

CONTROLS

BIT SLIDER

STATE

MACHINES

PLL #1

RATE SELECT

65.536 MHz

PLL #2

PLL #2 BYPASS

RATE SELECT

PRIREFOUT

4MHzIN

3MHzIN

TCLKOUT

ENABLE

TCLKOUT

SELECT

x 8

NET-

�

BY 8

NETREF
SELECT

THESE INPUTS

FORM

TRANSCEIVERS

WITH THE

CORRESPONDING

OUTPUTS

/CT_FRAME_A

/CT_FRAME_B

/FR_COMP

CLOCK

SEL.

CLOCK

SEL.
AND

INPUT

STATE
MACH.

L_REF0

L_REF7

CT_C8_A

CT_C8_B

/C16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

THESE INPUTS

FORM

TRANSCEIVERS

WITH THE

CORRESPONDING

OUTPUTS

XTALIN

TODJAT/GP6

FROMDJAT/GP7

DJAT BYPASS

L_SC CTL

FRAME

SEC8K

FRAME

EN_B

EN_A

EN_NETREF1

CT_NETREF1

CT_C8_A

/CT_FRAME_A

CT_C8_B

/CT_FRAME_B

COMPATIBILITY

/CT16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

/FR_COMP

L_SC0

SCSEL

(1 OF 4

L_SC[1:3]

NOT SHOWN)

16.384 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

2.048 MHz

8.192 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

16.384 MHz

PLL#2

�

INTERNAL CONTROL

CLOCKS AND SYNC

CT_NETREF1

CON[5]

CT_NETREF2

CT_NETREF1

EN_NETREF2

CT_NETREF2

(FALLBACK PATH*)

CT_NETREF2

CT_NETREF1

4.096 MHz

CLOCKS DIRECTION

BYPASS

REF

SEL.

RESOURCE

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

MAIN

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

DIVIDE-

BY-2

CT_NETREF

(AND GP6/7 ENABLE)

MEMORY

CLOCK

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2.5 Clocking Section

(continued)

2.5.1 Clock and NETREF Selection

Three selectors provide device input clocking. The
clock selector and frame selector operate from a com-
mon set of selection options in register CKM (see Sec-
tion 2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions for register
details), where FRAMEA is selected along with clock
C8A and FRAMEB is selected along with clock C8B.
Typically, one of the local references (L_REF[0:7]) will
be selected when the devices are operating as mas-
ters, though the local oscillator is also available. As a
slave, the most common selections will be one of the
bus types. Each bus type has a state machine associ-
ated with it for determining the frame sync. All clock
inputs are sampled to check for proper switching. If the
expected clock edge does not occur, and there is no
switching on CT_NETREF for 125

�

s, a bit correspond-

ing to the errant clock is set in the CLKERR register
(see Section 2.7 Error Registers for more details).
NETREF can be created from one of the local refer-
ences or from the oscillator independent of the clock
generation.

2.5.2 Dividers and Rate Multipliers

The clock and NETREF selections are routed to divid-
ers*. In the case of NETREF, the divider is
usually used to reduce a bit rate clock to 8 kHz,
so the most common divisors will be 1, 193
(1.544 MHz/8 kHz), and 256 (2.048 MHz/8 kHz),
although a full range of values (from 1--256) is possi-
ble. For the clock selector, the signal will most often be
routed through the main divider when the devices are
operating as masters or through the resource divider
when operating as slaves. Both the main and resource
dividers are fully programmable.

The ultimate destination for the main or resource
divider is intended to be PLL #1. PLL #1 accepts either
a 2.048 MHz or 4.096 MHz input and will rate multiply
up to 65.536 MHz. The divisor of the main or resource
dividers is chosen in conjunction with the rate select of
the PLL, i.e., a divisor which generates a 4.096 MHz
output and a rate selection of x16, or a divisor which
generates a 2.048 MHz output and a rate selection of
x32. This provides a great deal of flexibility in adapting
to a variety of (external) clock adapters and jitter atten-
uators while acting as a master, as well as slaving to
several bus types.

A digital PLL that can rate multiply to either 2.048 MHz
or 4.096 MHz from an 8 kHz source in the absence of
an external clock adapter is also provided. PLL #1 can
be bypassed for diagnostic purposes or if an external
clock adapter is used that provides a high-speed output
(65.536 MHz). The input to the DPLL is an 8 kHz sig-
nal.

A second rate multiplier is provided for supporting T1
applications. It is optimized around either a 1.544 MHz
or 3.088 MHz input rate which multiplies to 24.704 MHz
and is then divided down to provide 50% duty cycle
clocks of 12.352 MHz, though the direct 24.704 MHz is
available as well. A bypass is provided so that an exter-
nal clock can be buffered through the TCLK output. The
internal oscillator or the various outputs derived from
PLL #1 can also be selected for the TCLK output.

2.5.3 State Machines

The purpose of the state machines is to generate
internal control signals for the remainder of the circuitry
and to provide all bus clocks when operating as a mas-
ter. The state machines operate from the 65.536 MHz
clock generated by PLL #1, and they are time refer-
enced to the frame sync derived from the selected
clock and frame inputs. As a master, the time sync is
based on the device's own generated frame.

The dominant internal control signals are a noninverted
32.768 MHz clock, an inverted 16.384 MHz state clock,
and a noninverted 122 ns wide sync pulse centered
around the beginning of a frame. The memories are
synchronized to the 65.536 MHz clock.

2.5.4 Frame Sync

Frame sync is not generated in absence of an external
frame clock. The state machinces will randomly syn-
chronize to the 65.536 MHz clock.

2.5.5 Bit Sliding (Frame Locking)

The devices generate frame signals based on the
incoming clock and frame references and device gen-
erated clock signals. When slaving, it is sometimes
necessary to align the edges of this generated frame
signal to the incoming frame reference.

* If the A clocks have been selected as the clock source through the

CKM register (described in Section 2.5.8 Clock Control Register
Definitions), then the CT_C8A is the signal sent to the main and
resource dividers; likewise, selecting B clocks results in sending
CT_C8B; the

MVIP

selection sends /C4; the H-

MVIP

selection

sends the recovered /C16 (derived from differential inputs); select-
ing SC2 sends SCLKX2; and SC4/8 sends SCLK to the dividers.

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2.5 Clocking Section

(continued)

2.5.5 Bit Sliding (Frame Locking) (continued)

To accomplish this, the devices will compare the
referenced frames with the current state of its clock
state machine, and if the difference exceeds one
65.536 MHz clock cycle, the entire stream will have a
fraction of a bit time removed from each frame; this is
referred to as bit sliding. The process will repeat until
the measurements fall within one clock cycle. The
actual bit sliding will take place by reducing the gener-
ated frame by one 65.536 MHz clock cycle at the
beginning of the frame. This means that the frame
edges will phase-align at the rate of approximately
15.26 ns per frame. The maximum phase difference is
slightly less than one frame or 124.985 祍. Thus, it will
require approximately 8000 frames, or 1 second, to
phase-align the frame. This is mean time interval error
(MTIE) complaint.

The alternatives to bit sliding are snap alignment and
no alignment. Snap alignment refers to an instanta-
neous phase alignment, i.e., a reset at the frame
boundary. This mode is common to other devices. If no
alignment is chosen, the device's generated frame is
frequency-locked to the incoming frame sync, but not
phase-aligned.

2.5.6 MTIE

MTIE is defined in AT&T technical reference TR62411.
MTIE is a characteristic of wander. Wander is defined
as clock phase deviations that are less than 10 Hz in
frequency. MTIE defines the amplitude of the wander.
The maximum amplitude, in the DS1/T1 world, is 1 祍
(about 1.5 bit times). This is measured by sampling the
delta of actual clock edges from the ideal positions over
2048 bit times (1.326 ms). The secondary requirement
is that no two edges may deviate by more than 81 ns
(1/8 bit time).

Apply this to the essentially E1-like timing in the
H.100/110/

MVIP

/SC-Bus worlds:

1.5 bit times is about 750 ns
2048 samples is 1 ms
1/8 bit time is about 61 ns

2.5.6.1 MTIE Compliance

T810X is MTIE compliant; however, the user must pay
attention to the system application. The T810X
requires Stratum 4e clocks, which are already sup-

posed to meet 32 ppm stability and 1 祍 MTIE compli-
ance, and will in turn remain Stratum 4e on the out-
bound side. External trunks, T1 or E1, must be run
through framers (and a jitter attenuator, if not present in
the framer) to help ensure the input requirement. Given
this, the T810X is compliant in that it will not introduce
phase hits into the system which are uncontrolled, nei-
ther as high frequency (jitter) nor as low frequency
(wander).

For a given clock, the T810X should respond in such a
way that the wander does not perturb the outbound
clocks greater than 61 ns per 2.048 MHz cycle, or more
than a total of 750 ns over any 1 ms measuring period.
These numbers are aided by the analog PLL. Any
phase hit is smoothed to 800 ps/65 MHz clock cycle
which is 25.6 ns/2.048 MHz clock cycle. Thus, the
61 ns/bit time is met. The 750 ns number is constrained
by the input requirement. Given that the inbound side
will be no greater than 750 ns over the 1 ms sampling
period, the T810X's outbound clocks will show a
maximum deviation in the 1 ms period on the order of
315 ns. In truth, framers, with accurate crystals, tend to
absorb much of the wander in slip buffers, so this num-
ber should be very small.

While not a specific requirement of Stratum 4e, all
T810X products do provide holdover capability. The
T810X will respond, in a controlled fashion, to a change
of clock source. Again, the measurement method
for this uses the MTIE specification. The worst-case
response will be a 25.6 ns shift of clock edge per
0.048 MHz clock cycle less than the MTIE specifica-
tion.

2.5.6.2 Relationship of the Bit Slider to MTIE

Strictly speaking, the bit slider is not related to MTIE in
that MTIE makes no provision for frame wander. The bit
slider itself however, will not introduce more than
15.26 ns/frame of additional shift, when enabled. The
slider does not affect the PLL or the clocks on a con-
stant basis, it simply walks the generated frame into
alignment with the received frame. Thus, the stability
of the clock edges remains constant in the long term,
but individual edges may deviate by an additional
amount, making the edge-to-edge absolute maximum
25.6 ns + 15.3 ns = 40.9 ns.

The critical item to relating MTIE with the bit slider is
that the bit slider won't make the T810X fail MTIE.

2.5.6.3 Using the Bit Slider

The bit slider is primarily intended for maintaining the
local side of an application. Specifically, some DSPs
have limited synchronizing ability and once they are
phase-aligned with the frame, a loss of frame sync can
be disruptive. The bit slider allows a change of source
to gracefully realign to a new frame without tripping up
the synchronization. There is limited benefit on the
H.100 side--snap mode is equivalent to slide in terms
of A/B clock fail-over, but the local side is much differ-
ent.

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2.5 Clocking Section

(continued)

2.5.6 MTIE (continued)

2.5.6.3 Using the Bit Slider (continued)

A secondary benefit may come about in T8100A/02/05 applications which use sliding between frames on local ref-
erence inputs. In this case, a board that is mastering an H.100/H.110 system, can pull an entire system slowly into
frame alignment with external trunks, instead of just frequency locking to external trunks.

2.5.7 Clock Fallback

5-6112F

Figure 17. A, B, and C Clock Fallback State Diagram

DIAG_ABC

DIAG_AB

C_ONLY

B_ONLY

B_ERROR

B_MASTER

A_ERROR

A_ONLY

A_MASTER

INITIAL

DIAGNOSTIC/FORCED CLOCKING

FALLBACK CLOCKING, ASSUMES

FALLBACK ENABLED IN CKS REGISTER

B CLOCKS FAIL

A CLOCKS FAIL

A CLOCKS

B CLOCKS FAIL

REPROGRAM

A CLOCKS

REPROGRAM

B CLOCKS

DIAG_ABC = DRIVES A CLOCKS, B CLOCKS,

AND C CLOCKS, NO FALLBACK PERMITTED

DIAG_AB = DRIVES A CLOCKS AND B CLOCKS,

NO FALLBACK PERMITTED

C_ONLY = DRIVES C CLOCKS ONLY,

NO FALLBACK PERMITTED

B_ONLY = DRIVES B CLOCKS,

CAN DRIVE

C CLOCKS IN

FALLBACK CONDITION

A_ONLY = DRIVES A CLOCKS,

CAN DRIVE

C CLOCKS IN

FALLBACK CONDITION

B_MASTER = DRIVES B AND C CLOCKS,

ALL CLOCKS SHUT OFF IN

FALLBACK CONDITION

A_MASTER = DRIVES A AND C CLOCKS,

ALL CLOCKS SHUT OFF IN

FALLBACK CONDITION

B_ERROR = NO CLOCKING,

WAITING FOR B CLOCKS TO BE

REPROGRAMMED

A_ERROR = NO CLOCKING,

WAITING FOR A CLOCKS TO BE

REPROGRAMMED

THE DEVICES ENTER AND

LEAVE THESE STATES

FAIL

BASED ON REGISTER

COUNTERS

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2.5 Clocking Section

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2.5.7 Clock Fallback (continued)

The following conditions must be met before fallback is
initiated:

Fallback must be enabled in register CKS.

Failure of one or more of the clocks selected through
the CKSEL bits in the CKM register.

All clocks which comprise the selection from CKSEL
must be unmasked in register CKW (see Section 2.7
Error Registers).

The devices contain a fallback register which enables a
backup set of controls for the clock resources during a
clock failure. In addition, a fallback state machine pro-
vides some basic decision-making for controlling some
of the clock outputs when the feature is enabled. While
slaving to the bus, the primary course of action in fall-
back is the swap between the A clocks and B clocks as
the primary synchronization sources. A slave may
become a master only under software control; i.e.,
there is no automatic promotion mechanism. As a mas-
ter, the devices detect their own failures and remove
their clocks from the bus. If a failure is detected on the
other main set (e.g., B master detects failures on the A
master), then the devices can assume the role of the
primary synchronization source by driving all compati-
bility clocks (H-

MVIP

and SC-Bus). Clock failures are

flagged through the CLKERR1, CLKERR2, and
CLKERR3 registers (Section 2.7 Error Registers).
Additional fallback details are discussed in relationship
to the clock registers in the next section. The divide-by-
4 block for XTALIN, shown in Figure 16, is used only for
fallback. See Figure 17 for a diagram of the basic state
machine which controls the A, B, and C (compatibility)
clocks. Figure 18 shows a diagram for programming the
device's registers when a fallback condition is detected.

Figure 18 shows the steps required to program the reg-
isters when a fallback condition is detected.

Restarting the clocks after a fallback condition:

1. Clear the CKW register to prevent any more clock errors.
2. Clear CKM bit 5 (CCD) to be a slave.
3. Clear CKP bits 2 and 3 to prevent sourcing a compatility clock.
4. Set CKM bit 5 (CCD) to be a master again.
5. Set CKP bits 2 and 3 to drive the appropriate A or B clocks.
6. Clear SYSERR and CLKERR bits via MCR.
7. Set the appropriate bits in CKW to enable watchdogs.

5-7250aF

Figure 18. Programming Sequence

REPROGRAM PRIMARY

SELECTION:

CKR, CKM, CKP,

CKMD, CKRD

ENABLE OUTPUTS:

MCR = 0x0E

ENABLE WATCHDOGS:

CKW

0x00

PROGRAM PRIMARY

SELECTION:

CKR, CKM, CKP,

CKMD, CKRD

DISABLE WATCHDOGS:

CKW = 0x00

CLEAR FALLBACK ERROR:

MCR = 0x6E

PROGRAM OTHER

REGISTERS

REPROGRAM SECONDARY

SELECTION: CKS,

IF REQUIRED

ENABLE WATCHDOGS:

CKW

0x00

DISABLE WATCHDOGS:

CKW = 0x00

PROGRAM SECONDARY

SELECTION: CKS

PROGRAM OTHER

CLOCKS: CKN, CKND,

CK32, CK10

CONNECT

FALLBACK?

YES, INTERRUPT

SERVICE ROUTINE

RETURN FROM

INTERRUPT

(IN

OPERATION)

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2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions

Table 46. CKM: Clocks, Main Clock Selection, 0x00

The first register, 0x00, is the clock main (CKM) register. There are ten registers to control the various aspects of
clocking.

* Selecting A clocks synchronizes the devices to CT_C8A and /CT_FRAMEA; selecting B clocks synchronizes the devices to CT_C8B and

/CT_FRAMEB;

MVIP

uses /C4, C2, and /FR_COMP; H-

MVIP

uses /C16+/�, /C4, C2, and /FR_COMP; SC2 uses SCLKX2 and /FR_COMP;

SC4/8 requires SCLK, SCLKX2, and /FR_COMP. MC-1 fallback clocks use the same inputs and state machine as the A clocks and B clocks
with an inversion selected from register CKP. A pictorial view of the various clocks is shown in Section 4.8.1 Clock Alignment.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

CKM

PAE

PAS

CCD

CKI

CKSEL

Symbol

Bit

Description

PAE

Phase Alignment Enable.

PAE = 0,

Retains frequency lock without phase alignment.

PAE = 1,

Enables phase alignment.

PAS

Phase Alignment.

PAS = 0,

Phase alignment, snap.

PAS = 1,

Phase alignment, slide.

CCD

The CCD bit is the compatibility clock direction. This controls the I/O for the compatibility
clocks /C16+/�, /C4, C2, SCLK, SCLKX2, and /FR_COMP (compatibility frame). The user can
think of the CCD bit (in some respects) as a master/slave select for the compatibility clocks,
though other registers require proper setup to establish true master or slave operation. The
devices will assume control of this bit during a fallback if the previously designated compatibil-
ity clock master fails.

CCD = 0,

Slave, monitors compatibility signals.

CCD = 1,

Master, drives compatibility signals.

Note:

If bit 4 of the programmable clocks register, CKP, is low, then the state machines of the
A clock and B clock will assume this is an MC-1 system and interpret the clocks as
/C4(L/R) and FRAME(L/R). If this bit is high, then it interprets the clocks as C8(A/B)
and FRAME(A/B).

CKI

CKI is used to invert the output of the clock selector, i.e., the signal which feeds the main
divider, resource divider, and DPLL:

CKI = 0,

Normal.

CKI = 1,

Invert.

CKSEL

3--0 The decode for the clock selector (CKSEL) is illustrated below. These selections determine

which input state machine is utilized*:

CKSEL = 0000,

Internal oscillator.

CKSEL = 0001,

CT_NETREF1 or CT_NETREF2 (CON register bit 5 selects:
if 0 then CT_NETREF1 is selected, if 1 CT_NETREF2).

CKSEL = 0010,

A clocks (C8A & FRAMEA); ECTF or MC-1.

CKSEL = 0011,

B clocks (C8B & FRAMEB); ECTF or MC-1.

CKSEL = 0100,

MVIP

is selected, /C4 is selected as the clock reference for PLL #1.

CKSEL = 0101,

H-

MVIP

is selected, /C16 is selected as the clock reference for

PLL #1.

CKSEL = 0110,

SC-Bus, 2 MHz. SCLKX2 is selected as the clock reference for
PLL #1.

CKSEL = 0111,

SC-Bus, 4 MHz or 8 MHz. SCLK is selected as the clock
reference for PLL #1.

CKSEL = 1000--1111 Selects local references 0--7. When bit 4 of the CON register is set,

these bits select pairs of synchronized inputs.

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2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions (continued)

Table 47. CKN: Clocks, NETREF Selections, 0x01

Clock register 0x01 is CKN, the CT_NETREF select register. This register selects features for generating and rout-
ing the CT_NETREF signal.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

CKN

NR12EN

NDB

NRI

NRSEL

Symbol

Bit

Description

NR12EN

7--6 NR12EN enables the selection between NETREF1 and NETREF2.

NR12EN = 00,

The value of NRSEL[3:0] of CKN determines what is routed to the
L_SCs.

NR12EN = 01,

Enable NETREF2 for output, route NETREF1 input to the L_SCs.

NR12EN = 10,

Enable NETREF1 for output, route NETREF2 input to the L_SCs.

NR12EN = 11,

Enable both NETREF[1:2] for output, route output of NETREF
divide-by-N to LSCs.

NDB

NDB = 0,

TODJAT pin comes from NETREF selector, and FROMDJAT pin
goes to NETREF divider.

NDB = 1,

NETREF selector goes directly to NETREF divider.

NRI

NRI inverts the output of the NETREF selector.

NRI = 0,

Normal.

NRI = 1,

Invert.

NRSEL

3--0 The NRSEL is similar to CKSEL but with fewer choices:

NRSEL = 0000,

Internal oscillator divided by 8.

NRSEL = 0001,

Internal oscillator.

NRSEL = 0010,

Select NETREF1 as input.

NRSEL = 0011,

Select NETREF2 as input.

NRSEL = 0100--0111, (Reserved.)
NRSEL = 1000--1111, Local references 0--7.

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2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions (continued)

Table 48. CKP: Clocks, Programmable Outputs, 0x02

Clock register 0x02, CKP, is the programmed clocks register. It is used for programming the CT_C8 clocks and
enabling its outputs. It is also used to program the TCLK selector. CT_C8 may be operated as either 8 MHz (nor-
mal or inverted) or 4 MHz (normal or inverted). C8IS is used to invert the synchronization on C8A and C8B when
they are selected for input. The C8 and FRAME signals, which are also generated internally, are routed to both the
CT_C8A and /CT_FRAMEA and to the CT_C8B and /CT_FRAMEB. The CAE and CBE pins enable these output
pairs independently. The C8C4 pin selects 8.192 MHz or 4.096 MHz signals to be output on C8A and C8B (for sup-
porting for either ECTF or MC-1 applications). CFW selects the output width of the compatibility frame. The register
format is as follows.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

CKP

PTS

C8IS

CAE

CBE

C8C4

CFW

Symbol

Bit

Description

PTS

7--5 The three PTS bits select the output sent to the TCLK. This output is intended to be used for

driving framers.

PTS = 000,

3-state.

PTS = 001,

Oscillator, buffered output.

PTS = 010,

PLL #2, direct output .

PTS = 011,

PLL #2, output divided by 2.

PTS = 100,

2.048 MHz from state machines.

PTS = 101,

4.096 MHz from state machines.

PTS = 110,

8.192 MHz from state machines.

PTS = 111,

16.384 MHz from state machines.

C8IS

C8IS = 0,

MC-1 (A and B clocks inputs interpreted as /C4 with /FRAME).

C8IS = 1,

ECTF (A and B clocks inputs interpreted as C8 with /FRAME).

CAE

CAE = 0,

Disable CT_C8A & /CT_FRAMEA outputs.

CAE = 1,

Enable CT_C8A & /CT_FRAMEA outputs. (The devices will auto-
matically disable these on an A clock failure.)

CBE

CBE = 0,

Disable CT_C8B & /CT_FRAMEB outputs.

CBE = 1,

Enable CT_C8B & /CT_FRAMEB outputs. (The devices will auto-
matically disable these on a B clock failure.)

C8C4

C8C4 = 0,

Inverted 4.096 MHz (MC-1 output mode).

C8C4 = 1,

Noninverted 8.192 MHz (ECTF output mode).

CFW

CFW = 0,

Narrow (122 ns) /FR_COMP.

CFW = 1,

Wide (244 ns) /FR_COMP.

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2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions (continued)

Table 49. CKR: Clocks, Resource Selection, 0x03

Clock register 0x03, CKR, is the clock resources register. It is used for selecting and programming miscellaneous
internal resources, the two PLLs, the DPLL, and the clock resource selector. It is also used to program the
SCLK/SCLKX2 clock outputs. The register format is as follows:

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

CKR

CRS

P1B

P1R

P2B

P2R

SCS

Symbol

Bit

Description

CRS

7--6 The CRS[7:6] bits are used to select the input to PLL #1.

CRS = 00,

External input (through the 4MHzIN pin).

CRS = 01,

Resource divider.

CRS = 10,

DPLL @ 2.048 MHz.

CRS = 11,

DPLL @ 4.096 MHz.

P1B

P1B and P1R control PLL #1.

P1B = 0,

Normal PLL #1 operation.

P1B = 1,

Bypass PLL #1.

P1R

P1R = 0,

PLL #1 rate multiplier = 16.

P1R = 1,

PLL #1 rate multiplier = 32.

P2B

P2B and P2R control PLL #2.

P2B = 0,

Normal PLL #2 operation.

P2B = 1,

Bypass PLL #2.

P2R

P2R = 0,

PLL #2 rate multiplier = 8.

P2R = 1,

PLL #2 rate multiplier = 16.

SCS

1--0 The SCS[1:0] bits are used to program the outgoing SC-Bus compatibility signals.

SCS = 00,

SC-Bus outputs 3-stated.

SCS = 01,

SCLK @ 2.048 MHz, SCLKX2 @ 4.096 MHz.

SCS = 10,

SCLK @ 4.096 MHz, SCLKX2 @ 8.192 MHz.

SCS = 11,

SCLK @ 8.192 MHz, SCLKX2 @ phase shifted 8.192 MHz.

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2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions (continued)

Table 50. CKS: Clocks, Secondary (Fallback) Selection, 0x04

Clock register 0x04 is CKS, the secondary clock selection register. This is also referred to as fallback. When pro-
gramming the clock registers, writing to CKW and CKS should be programmed last. The register is defined as fol-
lows.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

CKS

FRS

FTS

FCSEL

Symbol

Bit

Description

FRS

7--6 FRS provides an alternate clock resource selection. FRS forces the clock resource selector to

choose a new source for PLL #1.

FRS = 00,

External input (through the 4MHzIN pin).

FRS = 01,

Resource divider.

FRS = 10,

DPLL @ 2.048 MHz.

FRS = 11,

DPLL @ 4.096 MHz.

Note: The decode is the same as that of the CRS bits (in the clock resource register, CKR).

FTS

5--4 FTS determines the basic fallback mode (see Section 2.5.8.1 Basic Fallback Mode).

FTS = 00,

This is automatic fallback to the oscillator divided by 4,
thus 4.096 MHz.

FTS = 01,

This disables fallback.

FTS = 10,

This is one of the two major fallback selections.

FTS = 11,

This fallback selection specifically supports standard H.100 and
H.110 applications.

FF forces the use of the FRS, FTS, and FCSEL. FF is used as a test of the fallback, but can
also be used as a software-initiated fallback.

FF = 0,

Normal operation.

FF = 1,

Force use of secondary (fallback) resources.

FCSEL

2--0 FCSEL is used to select an alternate synchronization source. The FCSEL choices are a subset

of the CKSEL values from the CKM register above. The list is presented below:

FCSEL = 000,

Internal oscillator divided by 4.

FCSEL = 001,

NETREF2.

FCSEL = 010,

A clocks (C8A & FRAMEA); ECTF or MC-1.

FCSEL = 011,

B clocks (C8B & FRAMEB); ECTF or MC-1.

FCSEL = 100,

NETREF1.

FCSEL = 101--111,

Selects local references 1--3.

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2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions (continued)

2.5.8.1 Basic Fallback Mode

Note:

The fallback mechanism is sticky in that the
device will not fallback again if the clocks which
were used for fallback fail.

The four modes are described below.

FTS 00 The resource multiplexer is bypassed, thus

selection of this mode of operation assumes
that PLL #1 has been set up for a x16 multiply
(in CKR). The PLL selection cannot be
changed during fallback, so both primary and
secondary choices must supply the same fre-
quency into PLL #1. Thus, in the case of FTS =
00, it is assumed that the primary clock selec-
tion has been set up for 4.096 MHz.

FTS 01 The secondary selections will be ignored. The

clock error registers will continue to report tran-
sient and stuck errors (if unmasked by CKW),
but will not induce the fallback sequence.
There are three reasons to use this: as an aid
in initializing the T8100, as a diagnostic tool, or
in a software-only fallback system. This last
item requires some additional explanation.
There is a provision in the ECTF H.100 and
H.110 specifications which provide for a piece
of hardware to support both hardware and soft-
ware based fallback. In the software-only
selection, the part must still report clock fail-
ures. This is accomplished through the CLK-
ERR pin, which provides the interrupt to the
host, and CLKERR1, CLKERR2, CLKERR3,
and CKW, which provide the details of the fail-
ures. An interrupt will thus trigger a software
sequence which will reprogram the clocks. In
the hardware based fallback, the selection is
automatic with the intent of maintaining stable
operation until the software can service the
device.

FTS 10 The choice to move into fallback is triggered by

an error on the main (primary) clock selection,
as defined by the lower 4 bits of CKM. The
main clock selection will have as few as one
signal associated with it (main clock selection =
NETREF) or as many as five (main clock
selection = H-

MVIP

, which is /C16+, /C16-, /C4,

C2, and /FR_COMP). Thus, a failure on any
clock in the main selection will induce fall-
back. Note that these signals must be
unmasked, as well. So in the case of
NETREF above, the lowest bit of CKW must be
set. In the case of H-

MVIP

, at least bits 3, 4,

and 5 must be set in CKW. Any additional
CKW bits which are set (but not required) will
flag a failure on the CLKERR pin and will be
set in the CLKERR registers but will not induce
a fallback. Further, if fallback is initiated, the
CLKERR and the SYSERR pins will go high.
The fallback will occur to the selections made
in the CKS register. One additional note: this
does not apply to the local reference inputs
(selections 1000--1111 in the lower 4 bits of
CKM). Since these typically come from fram-
ers or HDLC controllers, these devices have
their own error reporting systems.

FTS 11 This selection induces fallback on the failure of

either the A or B clocks independent of the
main clock selection. (A and B must be
unmasked in CKW.) Since this is intended for
H.100 and H.110, it would be unwise to pro-
gram the main selection to be anything other
than A clocks or B clocks. For H.100, the FTS
= 11 selection also enables a state machine
which controls the compatibility clocks. If bit 5
has been set in the primary clock programming
and is also programmed to drive either the A or
B clocks, then a self-detected failure will cause
the T8100 to remove its clocks from the H.100
bus, both its main (A or B clock set) and the
compatibility clocks. Likewise, if bit 5 was not
set in the primary clock programming and if the
part is slaving to one set (A or B) and driving
the other (B or A, respectively) then a failure
detected on the clock it is slaving to will auto-
matically cause the device to drive the compat-
ibility clocks. In this way, an H.100 system with
an A and B clock set can maintain the opera-
tion of compatibility clocks in addition to main-
taining H.100 clocking.

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2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions (continued)

2.5.8.1 Basic Fallback Mode (continued)

Table 51. CK32 and CK10: Clocks, Locals 3, 2, 1, and 0, 0x05 and 0x06

Registers 0x05 and 0x06 set up L_SC0, 1, 2, and 3. The outputs L_SC[3:0] can be used as bit clocks for the local
streams or as a secondary NETREF. These are programmed using CK32 and CK10, which are presented below.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

CK32

LSC3

LSC2

CK10

LSC1

LSC0

Register

Symbol

Bit

Description

CK32

LSC3

7--4

LSCn = 0000, Output low.
LSCn = 0001, Local frame (positive pulse).
LSCn = 0010, NETREF (Sec8K).
LSCn = 0011, PLL #2

�

LSCn = 0100, 2.048 MHz.
LSCn = 0101, 4.096 MHz.
LSCn = 0110, 8.192 MHz.
LSCn = 0111, 16.384 MHz.
LSCn = 1000, Output high.
LSCn = 1001, Local frame, inverted.
LSCn = 1010, NETREF, inverted (negative pulse).
LSCn = 1011, PLL #2

�

2, inverted.

LSCn = 1100, 2.048 MHz, inverted.
LSCn = 1101, 4.096 MHz, inverted.
LSCn = 1110, 8.192 MHz, inverted.
LSCn = 1111, 16.384 MHz, inverted.

CK32

LSC2

3--0

CK10

LSC1

7--4

CK10

LSC0

3--0

2.5.8.2 CKMD, CKND, CKRD: Clocks, Main,
NETREF, Resource Dividers, 0x07, 0x08, and 0x09

The remaining clock registers are used to program the
three dividers. The main divider is programmed
through CKMD; the resource divider, through CKRD;
and the NETREF divider, through CKND. The dividers
are fully programmable.

MAIN and RESOURCE dividers (CKMD, CKRD)
-- For BINARY divider values of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,

128, and 256, output is 50% duty cycle.

-- For divider value of 193, output is almost 50%

duty cycle (low-level duration is one clock cycle
shorter than high-level duration).

-- For all other divider values, output is a pulse,

whose width is one full clock period.

NETREF dividers (CKND)
-- For binary divider values of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,

and 128, output is 50% duty cycle.

-- For divider values of 256, 193, plus all other non-

binary values, output is a pulse, whose width is
one half of a clock period, asserted during the
second half of the divider clock period.

In general, the register value is the binary equivalent of
the divisor-minus-one; e.g., an intended divisor of 193
is reduced by 1 to 192, so the register is loaded with
the binary equivalent of 192, which is 0xC0.

0x00 => Divide by 1 (bypass divider)
0x01 => Divide by 2

0xC0 => Divide by 193

0xFF => Divide by 256

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2.5.8 Clock Control Register Definitions (continued)

2.5.8.2 CKMD, CKND, CKRD: Clocks, Main, NETREF, Resource Dividers, 0x07, 0x08, and 0x09 (continued)

The CON register controls various features of the device. It has a bit for enabling/disabling the use of the GPD reg-
ister and a bit for selecting NETREF_1 or NETREF_2. It also has 3 bits for using the L_REF pairing feature. The
last 2 bits are programmed when using the minimum and constant delay settings for data transfers. The description
and use of the bit(s) for a particular feature is described in the section which pertains to the feature.

Table 52. CON Register 0x0E

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

CON

RES

GPDENB

NETSEL

LREFENB

LREFIFS

LREFIBC

CED

GFME

Symbol

Bit

Description

Reserved

Reserved.

GPDENB

0: Disables the GPD register.

1: Enables the GPD register.

NETSEL

0: Select NETREF_1.

1: Select NETREF_2.

LREFENB

0: LREF's are 8 unsynchronized inputs.

1: LREF's are 4 pairs of synchronized inputs.

LREFIFS

0: LREF frame strobe is not inverted.

1: LREF frame strobe is inverted.

LREFIBC

0: LREF bit clock is not inverted.

1: LREF bit clock is inverted.

CED

0: Individual FME bits are used for all transfers.

1: Value of GFME (CON register bit 0) is used for all transfers.

GFME

0: Only reverse connections provide constant delay.

1: Only forward connections provide constant delay.

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2.5 Clocking Section

(continued)

2.5.9 LREF Pairing

The

Ambassador

devices have a feature which is programmable by software called LREF pairing (a pair of pins).

This means that a pair of synchronizing clocks (a bit clock and a frame clock) can be input through the LREF port,
and the T810X will phase-lock and derive all of its timing from them. LREF pairing can be considered as an exten-
sion to the CT_C8A, CT_C8B, and CT_FRAME_A, CT_FRAME_B pairs of clocks. When this option is selected,
the onboard DPLL is bypassed and the LREF frame input becomes the internal frame synchronization clock. The
LREF bit clock is routed to the dividers and finally to the analog PLL.

2.5.9.1 LREF Port Configuration

When LREF pairing is enabled (CON register, bit 4 = 1), the LREF port is configured as described in Table 53. The
pairs must be used as listed in the table (they cannot be mixed and/or matched). In addition to the enable/disable
control bit, the CON register has 2 additional control bits for inverting the frame strobe and bit clock.

Table 53. LREF Pairs

Table 54. CKM (0x00) CKSEL Values to Select LREF Pairs

To use LREF pairing, the bits 3:0 (CKSEL) in the CKM register must be programmed to one of the following values
to select one of the LREF pairs as the input.

Notes:
1. If the CKSEL value is LREF4--LREF7 (0x1100--0x1111) as the input source, LREF pairing will not function.

2. CKSEL must be programmed to select LREF0--LREF3 in order to have LREF pairing.

3. Each LREF pair must be phase-locked together. Otherwise, the device timing will function incorrectly, causing unpredictable results.

Input Pins

Description

LREF0
LREF4

Bit clock
Frame synchronization clock

LREF1
LREF5

Bit clock
Frame synchronization clock

LREF2
LREF6

Bit clock
Frame synchronization clock

LREF3
LREF7

Bit clock
Frame synchronization clock

Symbol

Bit

Description

CKSEL

3--0

CKSEL = 1000, sets LREF0 as bit clock input and

sets LREF4 as frame sync input.

CKSEL = 1001, sets LREF1 as bit clock input and

sets LREF5 as frame sync input.

CKSEL = 1010, sets LREF2 as bit clock input and

sets LREF6 as frame sync input.

CKSEL = 1011, sets LREF3 as bit clock input and

sets LREF7 as frame sync input.

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2.5 Clocking Section

(continued)

2.5.9 LREF Pairing (continued)

2.5.9.2 Operation

If LREF pairing is enabled and CKM has a CKSEL
value of 0x1000 to 0x1011, then the corresponding
internal frame event is sent to the main clock genera-
tion circuit in order for the internally generated clocks to
synchronize to the frame event. The T8100A, T8102,
and T8105 only synchronize to the frame inputs on
LREF[7:4]. The frame input on LREF[7:4] becomes the
internal frame synchronization signal. Also, since the
devices will derive their timing from the bit clock input
on LREF[3:0], the divider(s) and CKR must be pro-
grammed.

The inverting bit in the CON register, bit 2, causes the
bit clock to be inverted. This allows the sampling of the
frame (LREF[7:4]) to occur on either the rising or falling
edge of the bit clock input on LREF[3:0]. The inverting
bit in the CON register, bit 3, causes the frame clock to
be inverted. This allows the internal clock generator to
synchronize to either a rising or falling transition of the
frame input on LREF[7:4].

The divider registers must be set up for the correct
divide factor. The register that is programmed depends
on which path is chosen. If the LREF bit clock is, for
example, 8.192 MHz and it is not going to be sent to
the PRIREFOUT for external jitter attenuation, then the
resource divider would be programmed. A value of
0x03 gives a divide by 4, and the input to the analog
PLL is 2.048 MHz. The CKR register also has to be
programmed for the correct PLL multiplier. Another fea-
ture of LREF pairing is that the bit clock does not have
to be 8.192 MHz. For example, a 1.544 MHz clock can
be input, sent to PRIREFOUT, and converted to a
2.048 MHz clock, which is then input on the 4MHzIN
pin.

2.5.9.3 Example of LREF Pairing on a T8100A

The T8100A PCI card has a framer on it and two
phase-locked clock outputs:
-- An 8 kHz frame clock going to LREF4.
-- An 8.192 MHz bit clock going to LREF0.

The CON register is programmed for LREF pairing:
LREFENB bit 4 = 1.

The frame strobe and the bit clock are not inverted,
so LREFIFS bit 3 = 0 and LREFIBC bit 2 = 0.

The CKM register is programmed to be a master with
phase and snap alignment, and CKSEL[3:0] is set for
LREF0. The value of CKM is, therefore, 0xA8.

CKR is programmed to 0x50, which sets the PLL
multiplier to 32.

The resource divider, CKRD, is programmed to 0x03,
which divides the 8.192 MHz clock by 4.

The T8100A derives its memory and state machine
clocks from the 8.192 MHz input on LREF0.

The frame synchronization clock will be input to the
state machines, and the T8100A will phase lock to
the framer's 8 kHz clock that is input on LREF4.

2.5.9.4 Advantages of LREF Pairing

LREF pairing provides the user of the T8100A, T8102,
or T8105 with another option for selecting a pair of
clocks from which to derive internal timing. With the
use of the CON register, the user has a very flexible
arrangement regarding the orientation of the LREF pair
that can be input to the T8100A, T8102, or T8105.

2.6 Interface Section

2.6.1 Microprocessor Interface

The grouping of the read, write, chip select, and
address latch enable signals, along with the data bus
and the address bus, permit access to the devices
using

Intel

nonmultiplexed interface (ALE = low),

Motor-

ola

nonmultiplexed interface (ALE = high), or

Intel

multi-

plexed interface (ALE = active). ALE controls the
microprocessor mode. All control and status registers
and data and connection memory accesses are con-
trolled through this interface. All accesses are indirect,
following the pin descriptions in Table 1 and Table 2.
Programming examples and a more detailed discus-
sion of the indirect accesses can be found in Section 3
Using the TSI Devices.

2.6.2 General-Purpose Register

A simple, general-purpose I/O register is available. The
GPR has eight dedicated pins. The GPR corresponds
with I/O pins GP[0:7]. GP6 and GP7 are unavailable if
bit 5 of register CKN is low (see Section 2.5.8 Clock
Control Register Definitions).

The GPD register (0x17) is a write-only register. It sets
the direction bit in the GPR register (0x18). To verify
what is written to the GPD register, the GPR register
has to be read and the direction bits checked. If a bit in
the GPD is zero, the corresponding bit in the GPR is
set to one and the pin is configured as an input. If a bit
in the GPD is a one, then the corresponding bit in the
GPR is zero and the pin is configured as an output.
Also, bit 6 in the CON register (0x0E) must be set to
one to enable writing of the GPD register. Since the
GPD is a write-only register, software will have to keep
track of the current GPR settings, which reflect what is
in the GPD.

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2.6 Interface Section

(continued)

2.6.3 Framing Groups

The framing group signals are another feature of the T8100A/02/05 devices. With the 11-bit offset, the start of the
first frame pulse can be positioned anywhere within the frame: therefore, simply defining the start of a virtual frame.
Since there are 12 signals for each group and there are two groups, the user has great flexibility when interfacing to
other telephony cards.

Two groups of frame pulses are available. Each frame group consists of 12 lines which are enabled sequentially
after a programmed starting point. They are denoted as group A and group B. This section describes framing
group A. Framing group B is made up of similar registers. Each frame group is controlled by a pair of registers:
FRHA and FRLA control the spacing of the 12 frame pulses, their pulse width, polarity, and the offset of the first
pulse from the frame boundary.

Table 55. FRHA, Frame Group A High Address and Control, 0x21

Table 56. FRHB, Frame Group B High Address and Control, 0x23

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

FRHA

Rate

Type

FAI

Hi Start

Symbol

Bit

Description

Rate

7--6

Rate

00,

Frame group disabled, 3-state.

Rate

01,

2.048 Mbits/s.

Rate

10,

4.096 Mbits/s.

Rate

11,

8.192 Mbits/s.

Type

5--4

Type

00,

Bit-wide pulse.

Type

01,

Double bit-wide pulse.

Type

10,

Byte-wide pulse.

Type

11,

Double byte-wide pulse.

FAI

Normal pulse.

FAI

Inverted pulse.

Hi Start

2--0

Hi Start =

Upper 3 bits of group start address or programmed output.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

FRHB

Rate

Type

FAI

Hi Start

Symbol

Bit

Description

Rate

7--6

Rate

00,

Frame group disabled, 3-state.

Rate

01,

2.048 Mbits/s.

Rate

10,

4.096 Mbits/s.

Rate

11,

8.192 Mbits/s.

Type

5--4

Type

00,

Bit-wide pulse.

Type

01,

Double bit-wide pulse.

Type

10,

Byte-wide pulse.

Type

11,

Double byte-wide pulse.

FAI

Normal pulse.

FAI

Inverted pulse.

Hi Start

2--0

Hi Start =

Upper 3 bits of group start address.

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2.6 Interface Section

(continued)

2.6.3 Framing Groups (continued)

There are two groups of frame pulses. Each frame
group consists of 12 output pins, which are enabled
sequentially after a programmed starting point. The 12
outputs of the frame group are pulsed in sequence,
once every 8 bit times, where the bit time is set by the
rate option. The groups are denoted group A and group
B. This section describes framing group A. Framing
group B is made up of similar registers. A pair of regis-
ters controls each group. Two registers, FRLA and
FRHA, control the spacing of the 12 frame pulses
(rate), their pulse width, polarity, and the offset of the
first pulse from the frame boundary. The FRPL and
FRPH registers are also used in configuring the frame
groups; however, for this discussion they are equal to
zero. With FRPL and FRPH equal to zero, the frame
group A bits [0:11] are output on pins FGA[0:11] and
frame group B bits are routed to group B output pins
FGB[0:11]. FRHA has 5 control bits and 3 upper offset
bits. FRLA has 8 bits for the lower part of the offset.
Thus, the offset is 11 bits. The 11-bit offset corre-
sponds to 2

values which allow programming offsets

from 0 ns to 125 祍. Note that the resolution is less
than 1 data bit. For example, if the frame group clock is
programmed to 2.048 MHz, the resolution is 0.125 (one
eighth) of a data bit.

2.6.3.1 Frame Group Timing

The frame boundary is the point where /CT_FRAME is
low and CT_C8 is starting its low-to-high transition.

The offset sets the first output (pin FGA0) relative to
the frame boundary. With a zero offset, the rising edge
of the first frame group is coincident with the first falling
edge of the 8.192 MHz clock, output at the LS_C[3:0]
port, after the start of the frame boundary.

Referring to Figure 28, the rising edges of the
8.192 MHz, 4.096 MHz, and 2.048 MHz clocks are all
coincident and occur in the center of CT_FRAME (not
shown in Figure 28). This is the start of the following:

Physical frame.

The first data bit of the first time slot on the CT bus
and the local bus.

Because of the complexity of the device and other
design considerations, with a frame group offset of
zero, the first frame pulse starts after 1 bit clock
(1/16.384 MHz) with respect to the start of the frame
boundary.

To have the frame group start at the frame boundary,
the 11-bit offset is all ones (0x7FF). That is, FRLA is
0xFF and the lower 3 bits (bits [2:0]) of FRHA are 1.
The 11-bit offset allows the user to position the starting
frame pulse anywhere within the 125 ms frame. The
frame pulse can be adjusted in increments of 61 ns
(1/16.384 MHz). The control bits in the FRHA register
enable the user to invert the frame group pulse and to
adjust the width of these pulses.

In addition to sequenced pulses, the frame groups can
be used as simple programmed output registers. When
group A is used as a programmed output, the bits are
sent from the FRLA [0x20] and FRHA [0x21] registers.
Bits [0:7] of the programmed output come from bits
[0:7] of FRLA [0x20]. Bits [8:10] of the programmed
output come from the high start (bits [0:2]) of FRHA
[0x21], and bit 11 of the programmed output comes
from the FAI bit (bit 3) of FRHA [0x21]. When group B
is used as a programmed output, bits 0:7 of the output
come from bits 0:7 of separate register FRPL [0x24],
and bits [8:11] of the output come from bits 0:3 of
another register FRPH [0x25]. The upper nibble of
FRPH [0x25] also has output routing functions associ-
ated with it. Register FRPH [0x25] is illustrated in Table
57; see Figure 19 for a diagram of the selection
options.

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2.6 Interface Section

(continued)

2.6.3 Framing Groups (continued)

2.6.3.1 Frame Group Timing (continued)

Table 57. FRPH: Frame Group B, Programmed Output, High, 0x25

5-6113F

Figure 19. Frame Group Output Options

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

FRPH

FAO

RES

FBO

Hi Prog

Symbol

Bit

Description

FAO

7--6

FAO = 00,

Frame group A bits FGA[0:11] on output pins FGA[0:11].

FAO = 01,

Programmed output A bits FGA[0:11] on output pins FGA[0:11].

FAO = 10,

Frame group A bits FGA[0:5] on output pins FGA[0:5], and frame group B bits
FGA[0:5] on output pins FGA[6:11].

FAO = 11,

Programmed output A bits FGA[0:5] on output pins FGA[0:5], and frame
group B bits FGA[0:5] on output pins FGA[6:11].

RES

(Reserved.)

FBO

FBO = 0,

Frame group B routed to group B output pins.

FBO = 1,

Programmed output B routed to group B output pins.

Hi Prog

3--0

Hi Prog =

Upper 4 bits of programmed output B.

In the programmed output mode, the rate must not equal 00; otherwise, the outputs corre-
sponding to the group bits are 3-stated; the rate will have no effect other than enabling the
mode. Type bits have no effect in the programmed modes.

FAO

FRAME GROUP A, BITS [0:5]

PROGRAMMED OUTPUT A, BITS [0:5]

FRAME GROUP A, BITS [6:11]

PROGRAMMED OUTPUT A, BITS [6:11]

FRAME GROUP B, BITS [0:5]

FRAME GROUP B, BITS [0:11]

PROGRAMMED OUTPUT B, BITS [0:11]

FBO

FGA[0:5]

FGA[6:11]

FGB[0:11]

T8100A, T8102,

T8105 INTERNAL

SIGNALS

T8100A, T8102,

T8105 OUTPUT

PINS

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2.7 Error Registers

The devices have five error registers:

CLKERR1 [0x28]

CLKERR2 [0x29]

CLKERR3 [0x2C]

CKW [0x2B]

SYSERR [0x2A]

When programming the clock registers, writing to CKW
and CKS should be programmed last.

These are the clock error, watchdog enable, and sys-
tem error registers. The CLKERR1 register is used to
indicate failing clocks, and the CLKERR2 indicates
whether the failure is permanent or transient in nature.
If the clocks fail, i.e., disappear or momentarily drop
out, then corresponding bits in both registers will be
set. If the clock is reestablished, i.e., a transient error,
then the T bit(s) will clear, but the E bit(s) will remain
set. All of the E bits are ORed together and drive the
CLKERR pin.

The clocks listed in Table 58 are sampled by the
16.384 MHz internal clock. Effectively, each clock has
a watchdog. If the clock is switching, the watchdog
clears. If the clocks stop, then the watchdog sets the

appropriate E and T bits. If the clock is re-established,
then the E bits remain stuck, but the T bits clear with
the watchdog. Since fallback is triggered on the E bits,
a transient clock can force a fallback. The CT_C8A and
CT_C8B watchdogs sample both rising and falling
edges at a 32.768 MHz sample rate (crystal oscillator
input multiplied by 2) in order to meet the ECTF H.110
specification of detecting a missing received rising
edge within 35 ns. The /C16+, /C16-, /C4, C2, SCLK,
SCLKX2 watchdog does not have this ECTF H.110
specification. Each clock is divided down to 1 MHz and
are monitored for a loss of signal at 1 MHz.

The CT_FRAMEA, CT_FRAMEB, /FR_COMP,
CT_NETREF1, and CT_NETREF2 watchdog circuitry
is simply a counter. If there is an 8 kHz input on
CT_NETREF, for example, every rising edge of the
8 kHz triggers an internal counter. This counter counts
up to some value. If the terminal count is reached, an
error will be reported. The circuitry does not look at the
input signal CT_NETREF for some polarity. The
assumption is, if the counter reached terminal count
there is no CT_NETREF. If there was a CT_NETREF,
the counter would not have reached terminal count
because the counter would have been reset.

CT_NETREF 1 and 2 are reported if there is no switch-
ing on CT_NETREF for 125 祍. If CT_NETREF is set to
a frequency other than 8 kHz, the error bits NRE and
NRT should not be used to monitor for a clock failure.

Table 58. CLKERR1 and CLKERR2: Error Indicator and Current Status, 0x28 and 0x29

Table 58 describes both CLKERR1 and CLKERR2.

Symbol

Bit

Description

CAE

CAT

=> Reports failures on CT_C8A or /CT_FRAMEA.

CBE
CBT

=> Reports failures on CT_C8B or /CT_FRAMEB.

CFE
CFT

=> Reports failures on /FR_COMP.

C16E
C16T

C16 => Reports failures on /C16+ or /C16�.

C42E
C42T

C42 => Reports failures on /C4 or C2.

SCE
SCT

=> Reports failures on SCLK.

SC2E

SC2T

SC2 => Reports failures on

SCLKX2

NRE

NRT

=> Reports failures on CT_NETREF1 or CT_NETREF2. 8 kHz only.

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2.7 Error Registers

(continued)

The CKW register works in conjunction with the two registers above and with the clock circuitry. It is used to enable
the watchdogs for the clock lines. CKW uses the same mapping as CLKERR1 and CLKERR2, so, for example, a
high in bit 7 will enable the watchdogs for CT_C8A and /CT_FRAMEA. CKW functions as a masking register for
CLKERR1 and CLKERR2. If the appropriate bit is not set, then a failing clock will not be reported. CLKERR3 bit 0
functions as the mask bit for CT_NETREF2 errors.

The SYSERR and CLKERR1 bits, when set, will remain set until they are reset. To reset and clear the two regis-
ters, set the correpsonding bit(s) in the MCR (see Section 2.1 Register/Memory Maps). When clearing the MCR
registers, it takes between one and two state machine clock cycles (15.25 ns to 30.5 ns) from the trailing edge of
WRn strobe to assertion of the internal CER/SER strobes. These internal strobes immediately (asynchronously)
reset their respective registers.

Table 59. CLKERR3: Error Indicator and Current Status, 0x2C

Note: Bits [7:4] are read only, bits [3:0] are read/write.

Table 60. SYSERR: System Error Register, 0x2A

* This error bit is selective. It will only flag an error if the clocks that fail correspond to the selected clock mode. For example, if

MVIP

mode is

selected (in register CKM), the proper fallback mode has been set (in register CKS), and the

MVIP

clocks are not masked (register CKW,

above), then FBE will go high when a failure is detected on /FR_COMPn, C2, or /C4. Thus, unmasked, failing non-

MVIP

clocks will be flagged

in the CLKERR1 and CLKERR2 registers but will not set the FBE flag in SYSERR.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

CLKERR3

R/W

RES

N2E

N1E

RES

N2N

Symbol

Bit

Description

RES

7--6

Reserved bit position. Read only.

N2E

Read only.

N2E => Reports failures on CT_NETREF2.

N1E

Read only.

N1E => Reports failures on CT_NETREF1.

RES

3--1

Reserved bit position. Read/write.

N2N

Read/write.

N2N = 0, Disable error reporting on NETREF2.
N2N = 1, Enable error reporting on NETREF2.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

SYSERR

CUE

CUO

CUL

COE

COO

COL

RES

FBE

Symbol

Bit

Description

CUE

CUE => Even CAM underflow, set by an unmatched comparison.

CUO

CUO => Odd CAM underflow, set by an unmatched comparison.

CUL

CUL => Local CAM underflow, set by an unmatched comparison.

COE

COE => Even CAM overflow, set by a write to a full CAM.

COO

COO => Odd CAM overflow, set by a write to a full CAM.

COL

COL => Local CAM overflow, set by a write to a full CAM.

RES

RES => Reserved bit position.

FBE

FBE => Fallback enabled, status which indicates that a clock error has occurred and fall-

back operations are in effect*.

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2.8 The JTAG Test Access Port

2.8.1 Overview of the JTAG Architecture

Tap

A 5-pin test access port, consisting of input pins TCK, TMS, TDI, TDO,
and TRST, provides the standard interface to the test logic. TRST is an
active-low signal that resets the circuit.

TAP Controller

The TAP controller implements the finite state machine which controls the
operation of the test logic as defined by the standard. The TMS input
value sampled on the rising edge of TCK controls the state transitions.
The state diagram underlying the TAP controller is shown below.

Instruction Register (JIR)

A 3-bit scannable JTAG instruction register that communicates data or
commands between the TAP and the devices during test or HDS opera-
tions.

Boundary-Scan Register (JBSR)

A 211-bit JTAG boundary-scan register containing one scannable register
cell for every I/O pin and every 3-state enable signal of the device, as
defined by the standard. JBSR can capture from parallel inputs or update
into parallel outputs for every cell in the scan path. JBSR may be config-
ured into three standard modes of operation (EXTEST, INTEST, and
SAMPLE) by scanning the proper instruction code into the instruction reg-
ister (JIR). An in-depth treatment of the boundary-scan register, its physi-
cal structure, and its different cell types is given in Table 62.

Bypass Register (JBPR)

A 1-bit long JTAG bypass register to bypass the boundary-scan path of
nontargeted devices in board environments as defined by the standard.

2.8.2 Overview of the JTAG Instructions

The JTAG block supports the public instructions as shown in the table below.

Table 61. JTAG Instruction Set

Instruction Mnemonics

Instruction Codes

Public/Private

Description

EXTEST

000

Public

Select B-S register in extest mode

SAMPLE

001

Public

Select B-S register in sample mode

Reserved

010

Reserved

011

Reserved

100

Reserved

101

Reserved

110

BYPASS

111

Public

Select BYPASS register

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2.8 The JTAG Test Access Port

(continued)

2.8.3 Elements of JTAG Logic

The signal TRST, which is used for resetting the JTAG TAP controller, must be asserted to make the simulation
model (VHDL or

Verilog

* or encrypted

Verilog

) operate. Since the TAP controller does not always power up in nor-

mal mode, the TPA controller has to be reset. Resetting the TAP controller is done by asserting TRST (brought low)
and keeping it low throughout the test.

Table 62. JTAG Scan Register

Verilog

is registered trademark of Cadence Design Systems, Inc.

Cell

Type

Signal Name/Function

Cell

Type

Signal Name/Function

CK_3MHZIN

121--132

FGA[11:0]

SYSERR

Controls cells 121--132

CLKERR

133

Bdir

C16N_MINUSA

Controls cells 67:68

134

Bdir

C16N_PLUSA

69--76

Bdir

D[0:7]

135

Bdir

C4N

Controls cells 69:76

136

Bdir

RESTN

Controls cells 133--136

RDY

137

Bdir

SCLKX2NA

WRN

Controls cell 137

RDN

138

Bdir

SCLKA

CSN

Controls cell 138

ALE

139

Bdir

CT_C8_BA

140

Bdir

CT_FRAME_BNA

Controls cells 139--140

85--88

L_SC[0:3]

141

Bdir

FRN_COMPA

Controls cells 85:88

Controls cell 141

89--96

L_REF[0:7]

142

Bdir

CT_NETREF

CK_4MHZIN

Controls cell 142

PRIREFOUT

143

Bdir

CT_C8_AA

Controls cell 98

144

Bdir

CT_FRAME_ANA

TESTOUT1

Controls cells 143--144

100

REFCLK1O

145--176

Bdir

CT_D[0:31]

Controls cells 99, 100

9--40

Controls cells 145--176

101

Bdir

FROMDJAT

177--192

LDO[0:15]

Controls cell 101

47--62

Controls cells 177--192

102

Bdir

TODJAT

193

XCS

Controls cell 102

Controls cell 193

103--108

Bdir

GP[5:0]

194--209

LDI[0:15]

Controls cells 103--108

210

TCLKOUT

109--120

FGB[11:0]

Controls cell 65

Controls cells 109--120

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2 Architecture and Functional Descrip-
tion

(continued)

2.9 Testing and Diagnostics

The devices have several testing operations:

JTAG

Forced output testing

Onboard diagnostics

During manufacturing, the devices are run through
standard functional and electrical testing.

2.9.1 Testing Operations

JTAG is used primarily to test the array portion of the
devices. It will not provide coverage for the CAMs, reg-
ister files, SRAMs, or PLLs. In JTAG, the manufacturer
provides a drop-in control block and scan-chain which
ties internal points to registers on the periphery of the
devices, which are, in turn, tied to the I/O pins. Serial
bit patterns are shifted into the devices through the TDI
pin, and the results can be observed at the I/O and at a
corresponding JTAG serial output, TDO. Since this
JTAG conforms to the JTAG standard, the TDI and TDO
can be linked to the JTAGs of other devices for sys-
temic testing. The TTS pin must be low for JTAG opera-
tions to work. The TTS pin has an internal pull-down
resistor that defaults the devices to JTAG operations.

In forced output testing, the outputs are set to a particu-
lar state to measure their dc parameters. This can also
be used in applications for board-level diagnostics.
Forced output testing is selected by setting the TTS
(test type select) pin high. In this mode, the JTAG clock
pin, TCLK, will act as an input pin. All outputs will be
enabled, and each output provides either an inverting
or normal response to the input pin. Adjacent pins
alternate inverting and normal function (i.e., a checker-
board pattern).

2.9.2 Diagnostics

The devices have onboard diagnostic modes for testing
the frame groups, SRAMs and CAMs, and some inter-
nal structures. These are intended for testing some of
the devices' resources while in an application environ-
ment (rather than a manufacturing test environment).

The diagnostics allow critical internal nodes to be out-
put through the frame groups, or to have the frame
groups operated in special cyclical manner, or to pro-
vide automatic filling of all memories (including CAMs)
with one of four selected patterns. The diagnostics are
activated and selected using three registers: DIAG1
[0x30], DIAG2 [0x31], or DIAG3 [0x32].

DIAG1 is used to select the frame group pins as either
monitors for internal nodes or normal operation (i.e., as
frame groups or programmed outputs). DIAG1 is also
used to control the memory fill diagnostic.

DIAG2 and DIAG3 modify the normal operation of the
frame groups and the main state counter. Normally, the
frame groups begin their cascade sequence when the
state counter (i.e., the frame-synchronized master
counter of the devices) reaches a value equal to the
frame group's starting address. DIAG2 and DIAG3
allow the state counter to be modified for one of two dif-
ferent tests.

When using the diagnostics in the pattern fill modes,
refer to Appendix C.

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2.9 Testing and Diagnostics

(continued)

2.9.2 Diagnostics (continued)

Table 63. DIAG1: Diagnostics Register 1, 0x30

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

DIAG1

DFA

DFB

DMF

DMP

DMD

Symbol

Bit

Description

DFA

7--6

DFA: Diagnostics, Frame Pin Selects, Group A
DFA = 00, Normal operation.
DFA = 01, State counter bits [10:0] routed to frame group pins [10:0], pin 11 = L.
DFA = 10, Even CAM hit routed to pin 11, pin 10 has odd CAM hit, pins [9:0] have local data

memory address.

DFA = 11, Pin 11 gets CUE error bit, pin 10 gets CUO error bit, pin 9 gets CUL error bit,

pin 8 gets COE error bit, pins [5:0] get page pointers--8 MHz read, 8 MHz write,
4 MHz read, 4 MHz write, 2 MHz read, and 2 MHz write.

DFB

--4

DFB: Diagnostics, Frame Pin Selects, Group B
DFB = 00, Normal operation.
DFB = 01, State counter bits [10:0] routed to frame group pins [10:0], pin 11 = L.
DFB = 10, CAM state register [1:0] indicating four substates, routed to pins [11:10], and

local connection memory (T8100A, T8105 only) address routed to pins [9:0].

DFB = 11, Pin 11 gets local CAM hit flag, and pins [10:0] get CAM state counter.

DMF

DMF: Diagnostics, Memory, Fill Test Enable
DMF = 0, Normal operation.
DMF = 1, Fill all memories with the pattern selected by DMP.

DMP

2--1

DMP: Diagnostics, Memory, Fill Test Pattern Select
DMP = 00, Checkerboard 0--even locations get 0x55, odd locations get 0xAA.
DMP = 01, Checkerboard 1--even locations get 0xAA, odd locations get 0x55.
DMP = 10, Data locations equal address bits [7:0]. (CAMs are filled with their physical

address.)

DMP = 11, Data locations equal inverted address bits [7:0].

DMD

This is a status bit which indicates that the chosen memory pattern has been written to all
locations. Additional writes to the memory are disabled and reads are enabled. This condi-
tion remains until the user clears this bit.

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2.9 Testing and Diagnostics

(continued)

2.9.2 Diagnostics (continued)

Table 64. DIAG2: Diagnostics Register 2, 0x31

Table 65. DIAG3: Diagnostics Register 3, 0x32

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

DIAG2

DFC

DSB

DXF

RES

DSE

DSH

Symbol

Bit

Description

DFC

DFC: Diagnostics, Frame Groups Cycle Test
DFC = 0, Normal operation.
DFC = 1, Cycle test mode enabled; forces the frame groups to constantly cycle without

waiting for a frame signal to synchronize the start.

DSB

DSB: Diagnostics, State Counter, Break Carry Bits
DSB = 0, Normal operation.
DSB = 1, Breaks the carry bits between the subsections of the state counter so that the

state counter is operating as three counters running in parallel. (This can be
viewed on the frame pins using the DFn = 01 selection described above.) Status
counter bits [0:3] and [4:7] run as modulo-16 counters, and bits [8:10] run as a
modulo-8 counter.

DXF

DXF: Diagnostics, External Frame Input
DXF = 0, Normal operation.
DXF = 1, Forces /FR_COMP to act as a direct input signal for devices framing. This effec-

tively bypasses the internally generated frame signal. The user is again cautioned
since the external frame can operate asynchronously to the generated clocks if
care is not taken.

RES

(Reserved.)

DSE

3--2

DSE: Diagnostics, External Frame Input
DSE = 0, Normal operation.
DSE = 1, Forces the state counter to load the value held in DSH and DSL and continuously

cycle as a modulo-n counter where the n value is determined by (DSH and DSL).
With the DSE pin high, the state counter is no longer synchronized to the frame
signal.

DSH

1--0

DSH: Diagnostics, State Counter, High Bits of Parallel Load
State counter bits [10:8].

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

DSL

Symbol

Bit

Description

DSL

7--0

State counter bits [7:0].

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3.1 Resets

3.1.1 Hardware Reset

A hardware reset utilizes the (active-low) RESET pin.
On activation, it immediately places all outputs into
3-state. Individual output sections must be re-enabled
by setting the appropriate bits high in the MCR register.
Internally, the local memory (T8100A, T8105 only) is in
an undefined state, all CAM empty bits are set, all state
machines are reset, and all registers are cleared to
zero.

3.1.2 Software Reset

This is accomplished by setting the MSB of the master
control and status register (see Section 2.1.2 Master
Control and Status Register). The local and H-bus con-
nections are rendered invalid, all registers are cleared
except MCR, CLKERR1, CLKERR2, CLKERR3, and
SYSERR (these registers are cleared with separate
MCR control bits); the state machines are also reset.
Writing the value 0xE0 to the MCR is a full software
reset. Writing 0x0E enables all pin groups (though indi-
vidual pins still require setup). This soft reset is clocked
by the crystal.

3.1.3 Power-On Reset

No power-on reset is available. It is expected that the
host microprocessor or applications board will provide
an external control to the RESET pin for performing a
hardware reset. The PLLs must not be enabled prior to
establishing a stable supply voltage. There are two
methods to accomplish this:

Tie the En1 and En2 pins to the same line that drives
the RESET, which forces the PLLs into an off condi-
tion while the devices reset asynchronously.

Add external capacitors from En1 to ground and from
En2 to ground. (The values of the capacitors should
be 1 礔 or greater.) The capacitors will form RC cir-
cuits with the En1 and En2 internal pull-ups and will
charge up to enable the PLLs after several millisec-
onds. The RC circuit affects the power-on reset for
the PLLs. The long rise time provides some delay.

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3.2 Device Settings

3.2.1 Architecture

Table 66. Device Identification Register, 0xFE

Version device identification always identifies the physical device type.

Table 67. GMODE: Global Mode Register, 0xFF

Readback of GMODE returns all 8 bits. Device type and function are determined by bits 3:0. Bits 7:4 are writable
(bits returned on readback reflect what the user should have them set to for the various modes), bit 4 is reserved.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

REV_ID

Device Identification Number

Device Version Number

Name

Bit

Description

REV_ID

Device

Identification

Number

7--4

Read only.

0000
0001
0010
0011--0100
0101
0110--1111

=
=
=
=
=
=

T8100A.
(Reserved)
T8102.
(Reserved)
T8105.
(Reserved)

REV_ID

Device

Version

Number

3--0

Read only.

Rev_ID = 0001,
Rev_ID = 0010,

=
=

Version 1.
Version 2, etc.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0

GMODE

R/W

Mode Emulation 2 & 1 (ME2 & ME1) Subrate Enable (SE)

RES

EMUL[3:0]

Name

Bit

Description

ME[2:1] 7--6 Read/write. Only the T8105 can be written to emulate either a T8102 or a T8100A.

ME[2:1]
ME[2:1]
ME[2:1]
ME[2:1]

= 00,
= 01,
= 10,
= 11,

T8105.
T8102, 512 connections (no local connections).
T8100A, converts 512 connections to 256 connections.
(Reserved)

Read/write.

SE = 0,
SE = 1,

Subrate disabled.
Subrate enabled.

RES

Reserved bit position. Read/write.

EMUL

3--0 Read only. Changing the emulation is reflected in the lower 4 bits of the GMODE. The DIR is not

changed.

EMUL = 0000,
EMUL = 0001,
EMUL = 0010,
EMUL = 0011,
EMUL = 0100--0110,
EMUL = 0111,
EMUL = 1000--1100,
EMUL = 1101,
EMUL = 1111,

(Reserved)
(Reserved)
T8100A emulation mode.
T8105 (512 connections).
(Reserved)
T8102 emulation mode.
(Reserved)
T8102.
(Reserved)

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3.3 Basic Connections

At a minimum, the devices require power, ground, and
a 16.384 MHz crystal (or 16.384 MHz oscillator). It is
also recommended that the internal PLLs be treated as
other analog circuits are, so the user should provide
the appropriate filtering between the PLL1V

and V

pins (as well as PLL2V

and V

pins). The RDY pin

is operated as an open collector output. It is actively
driven low or into 3-state. The user should apply a pull-
up (e.g., 10 k

) to maintain standard microprocessor

interfacing. It is recommended that the 10 k

be tied to

3.3 V (since the device's nominal V

is 3.3 V), but the

resistor may also be tied up to 5 V without damaging
the device. A 33

�

F tantalum capacitor and 25

series

resistor are necessary to provide VCO stability in the
PLLs. PLL connections are shown in Figure 20.

3.3.1 LPUE Control Pins

A list of 46 pull-ups which LPUE controls is shown in
the table below. LPUE has a pull-up attached, so the
default is pull-ups enabled.

LPUE is used as an assist to meet the

CompactPCI

Hot Swap specification. During live insertion/removal,
the only devices that should be on are the power man-
ager and interface parts (PCI interface attached to
J1, H.110 interface attached to J4 on a

CompactPCI

chassis). Without the LPUE, anything connected to the
T810x would get current flow from the early power
through the pull-up resistors. When those parts power-
up (late power), they already have current flowing
through the I/O and latch-up may occur. Quick-switch
parts were used for isolation on the earlier T8100
device, so when the T8100A/02/05 were designed,
LPUE was added to break the current flow and elimi-
nate the isolation switches. LPUE is typically tied to a
pin on the

CompactPCI

power manager so that the pull

ups are re-enabled with backside power turning on.

Table 68. LPUE Control Pins

5-6114.aF

Figure 20. External Connection to PLLs

3.3.2 H.100/H.110 Data Pin Series Termination

All data bus lines must have a 24

series resistor,

even if only data lines 16--31 are used.

3.3.3 H.110 Hot Swap

When using the

Ambassador

in a hot-swap application,

it is acceptable to power the PLLs after applying power
to the chip. All hot-swap requirements are governed by
the

CompactPCI

Hot Swap specification.

CompactPCI

is a registered trademark of the PCI Industrial Com-

puter Manufacturers Group.

Pin

Name

Pin

Name

3MHzIn

4MHzIn

22--15

D[7:0]

FromDJAT

RESET

ToDJAT

66--71

GP[5:0]

192--185

LDI[7:0]

201--194

LDI[15:8]

45--38

L_REF[7:0]

T8100A

RDY

PLLV

DDS

PLLGND

= 3.3 V

TANTALUM

10 k

50 k

NETREF,

C8s, AND

FRAMES

�

T8102
T8105

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3.3 Basic Connections

(continued)

3.3.4 Physical Connections for H.100

All H.100 bus signals must adhere to the specification,

ECTF H.100 Hardware Compatibility Specification: CT
Bus

. The H.100 clock signals, CT_C8_A, CT_C8_B,

/CT_FRAME_A, /CT_FRAME_B, and CT_NETREF,
each require an individual external pull-up of 100 k

5 V or 50 k

to 3.3 V.

If CT_NETREF, CT_8A, CT_8B, CT_FRAME_A, or
CT_FRAME_B are not going to be used, they must be
tied to ground, V

or a pull-up resistor. They cannot be

left floating, since they could oscillate.

3.3.5 Physical Connections for H.110

Figure 21 shows the physical connections required for
use in an H.110 environment. There are electrical dif-
ferences between H.100 and H.110. For H.110, exter-
nal components are required to meet specifications.
The specification is

ECTF H.110 Hardware Compatibil-

ity Specification: CT Bus

. Figure 21 shows the

NETREF terminations and the required terminations for
CT_C8A, CT_FRAMEA, CT_C8B, and CT_FRAMEB.
Each signal has a mechanism to short the 33

series

resistor and, in addition, a 10 k

pull-down resistor.

The 50 k

internal pull-ups on the CT data bus are

used for H.100. For H.110, the DPUE pin should be
tied low, disabling these internal pull-ups. H.110
requires the CT data bus to have pull-ups of 18 k

0.7 V. The control leads of the FET switches would typ-
ically go to the microprocessor.

3.3.6 PC Board BGA Considerations

There are no special requirements for the thermal balls
on the BGA package when designing a printed-circuit
board.

5-7142cF

* Switched low for insertion/removal.

Figure 21. Physical Connections for H.110

CT_NETREF2

CT_FRAMEA

CT_FRAMEB

CT_C8B

CT_NETREF2

CT_NETREF1

SCLKX2

CTD[0:31]

CT_C8B

SCLK

CT_FRAMEB

CT_FRAMEA

SCLK

CT_C8A

10 k

CTC8A_SRC

10 k

CTC8A_SRC

10 k

CTC8B_SRC

10 k

CTC8B_SRC

DEPOPULATE

CT_C8A

SCLKX2

DEPOPULATE

CTD[0:31]

DPUE

0.7 V

18 k

0.7 V

LUCENT

T8100A

T8102
T8105

18 k

0.7 V

CT_NETREF1

LPUE*

POWER

MANAGER

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3 Using the TSI Devices

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3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for
Connections

3.4.1 Setting Up Local Connections (T8100A, T8105
Only)

Local connections require a physical location in the
local connection memory corresponding to the output
stream and time slot. The location contains a pointer to
a local data memory location which holds the actual
data that has come in or will be sent out. The local
memories are based on 1024 locations, so 10 bits are
required to specify the physical memory location where
a connection is placed or where data is stored. To sim-
plify the programming, the user supplies 11 bits in a
stream and time-slot format, which is converted by the
devices to the appropriate physical location. Relative to
describing a connection, a data memory location corre-
sponds with the FROM stream and time slot, and a
connection memory location corresponds with the TO
stream and time slot. To program a connection, the
user loads the data memory location into the connec-
tion memory location, effectively identifying where the
data resides.

The user programs 7 bits of the LAR for the time-slot
value (or 8 bits for pattern mode) and the lowest 4 bits
of the AMR for the stream value; these will then be con-
verted to the physical memory address. The upper bits
of the AMR select which field in the connection mem-
ory is being written into. Since the connection informa-
tion itself is 15 bits, two transfers (i.e., two fields) must
be made to the address in the connection memory.

In each case, the transfer is an indirect write of data to
the indirect data register, the IDR: The first transfer is
the lowest 7 bits (time-slot address) of the desired data
memory location. It is placed in the IDR after the LAR
and AMR have been set up with the appropriate con-
nection address.

Table 69 illustrates the decoding of the time-slot bits
(address value in the table refers to the hex value of the
7 bits comprising time slot).

When programming the registers for fallback, the CKS
and CKW registers should be programmed last.

Table 69. Time-Slot Bit Decoding

Address

Value

2 Mbits/s

Time Slot

4 Mbits/s

Time Slot

8 Mbits/s

Time Slot

0x00 0

0x01

0x02

0x03

0x04

0x05

0x06

0x07

0x08

0x09

0x0A

0x0B

0x0C

0x0D

0x0E

0x0F

0x10 16

0x11

0x1E

0x1F

0x20

0x3E

0x3F

0x40

0x7E

126

0x7F

127

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3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for Connections

(continued)

3.4.1 Setting Up Local Connections (T8100A, T8105 Only) (continued)

Table 70. IDR: Indirect Data Register, Local Connections Only

The second transfer requires that data in the IDR be defined as follows.

After the second transfer is made, the entire 15 bits will be loaded into the connection memory; i.e., the second
transfer triggers the actual memory access. Figure 22 shows how the connections are made from the perspective
of the registers and memory contents.

If the user wishes to set up a pattern mode connection, then the first transfer is a full 8 bits (i.e., the pattern), rather
than the 7-bit time-slot value. This pattern byte will be stored in the lowest 8 bits of the selected connection memory
location. The pattern byte will be sent instead of a byte from local data memory during the output stream and time
slot which corresponds to the connection memory location.

5-6115aF

Figure 22. Local-to-Local Connection Programming (T8100A, T8105 Only)

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

IDR

R/W

Control

Address

XCS

PME

FME

CHE

Symbol

Bit

Description

XCS

A programmable bit which is routed to the XCS pin one time slot prior to the data to
which it relates.

PME

A high enables the pattern mode; the lower 8 bits of the connection address (time slot
and stream LSB) is routed to the time slot instead of data.

FME

A high enables the use of the alternate data buffer. (Refer to Appendix B for minimum
and constant delay settings.)

CHE

Enables the time-slot connection; a low in this bit forces 3-state during the time slot.

Address

3--0

All 4 bits are used for the stream address of the desired data memory location.

0000 0111

3, 27

3, 28

3, 29

3, 30

3, 31

CONNECTION

MEMORY

0100 0011

0001 1101

0000 0111

AMR

LAR

IDR

WRITE TO

TIME-SLOT

FIELD IN

FIRST TRANSFER:

0000 0111

0001

1110

3, 27

3, 28

3, 29

3, 30

3, 31

CONNECTION

MEMORY

0101 0011

0001 1101

0001 1110

AMR

LAR

IDR

WRITE TO

FIELD IN

MEMORY

SECOND TRANSFER:

LOCAL MEMORY PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE: CONNECT FROM 14, 7 TO 3, 29 (STREAM, TIME SLOT)

CONNECTION

MEMORY

CONNECTION

CONTROL/STREAM

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3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for Connections

(continued)

3.4.2 Setting Up H-Bus Connections

Table 71. IDR: Indirect Data Register, H-Bus Connections Only

The CAM blocks are 512 locations each (T8102, T8105 only) and the operations for the CAM blocks are selected
by AMR (see Section 2.1.3 Address Mode Register and Section 2.3.2 CAM Operation and Commands). Since the
block address is carried in the AMR, this reduces the number of bits that are necessary to establish a connection.
Eleven (11) address bits, i.e., bits for stream and time-slot identification, the 8-bit tag (pointer to the H-bus data
memory), and 3 control bits all need to be written into the selected CAM block for setting up a connection. (The
empty bit is a status bit that is changed internally as a result of operations on the CAM.) Four* transfers, indirect
writes through the IDR, are required to set up a connection in the CAM, though the method of transfer is different
than with the local memory. Since a specific physical address is not always necessary, the CAM will automatically
fill the first available slot. Thus, the LAR is not required for setting up the connection. (See the notes below.) The
first transfer after programming the AMR requires that the 7 bits which identify the time-slot number (refer to Sec-
tion 2.3.5 H-Bus Rate Selection and Connection Address Format for the proper format) be loaded into the IDR. The
second transfer uses a similar field description for the IDR as presented for local connections [Section 3.4.1 Setting
Up Local Connections (T8100A, T8105 Only) above]. The address field contains the stream number (5 bits), and
the control field contains only 3 control bits.

The third transfer for CAM connection setup is the transfer of the lower 8 bits of the tag field. The tag is loaded into
the IDR. The fourth transfer is the subrate control field and the TAG field MSB. The connection for the CAM is actu-
ally set up, (i.e., the memory access takes place) using a fifth write. It is an indirect write to the AMR (again through
the IDR) which corresponds with the specific command and blocks the user requests. All CAM commands require
that the IDR be loaded with the same command value as the AMR rather than a don't care or dummy value.

Notes: If an address is to be matched, such as the break connection command, then only the first two transfers

are required. The tag is unnecessary for identifying a connection.

The LAR is only used to read or query a specific location (i.e., 0--511) in a particular CAM block. Refer to
Section 2.1.3 Address Mode Register and Section 2.3.2 CAM Operation and Commands for details on
these commands.

For the CAMs, pattern mode is a 1/2 connection. Only the intended output to the H-bus (or to the local pins) needs
to be specified. The setup is the same as described above, four transfers to the holding registers followed by the
make connection command to the appropriate CAM block. When the address is matched, the tag value (from the
pipeline SRAM) will be sent as output to the bus

* Four transfers are required for the T8105 and T8102. For the T8100A, if subrate is enabled, then four transfers are also required. If subrate is

disabled, only three transfers are required and the T8100A follows the same programming model as the T8100.

Two subsequent IDR reads are required to retrieve the 9-bit physical address for the T8105 and T8102. Only one IDR read is required to

retrieve the 8-bit physical address for the T8100A.

Reg

R/W

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

IDR

Control

Address

R/W

PME

FME

Symbol

Bit

Description

R/W

Refers to the direction in the CAM data memory. A read sends data to the bus; a write loads
data from the bus.

PME

Pattern mode enable, similar to above, except the tag byte is output instead of the lower address
bits.

FME

Data buffer selection for setting delay type. (Refer to Appendix B for minimum and constant
delay settings.)

Address 4--0 All 5 bits are used for the stream address of the desired data memory location.

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3 Using the TSI Devices

(continued)

3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for Connections

(continued)

3.4.2 Setting Up H-Bus Connections (continued)

Figure 23 illustrates how a CAM connection is made from the perspective of registers and the memory locations.
Note that each half of the connection (i.e., the FROM and the TO) requires a separate setup, though each half will
point to the same location in the H-bus data memory.

Following Figure 23, some simple programming examples are shown using pseudoassembler code. The local-to-
local and H-bus-to-local switching examples from Figure 22 and Figure 23 are reused in code examples #2 and #3.
The connections are referred to in stream, time-slot format.

5-6116aF

A. First Half of Connection, H-Bus Side

Figure 23. CAM Programming, H-Bus-to-Local Connection

0000 0111

1011 0000

XXXX XXXX

0000 0111

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

IDR

WRITE TO TIME-SLOT

FIRST TRANSFER:

CAM PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE:

CTLS/STREAM

LOCATION USED--NOT EMPTY

HOLDING REGISTER

TIME SLOT

TAG

HOLDING REGISTERS

1011 0001

XXXX XXXX

000 01110

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

IDR

WRITE TO CONTROL/STREAM

SECOND TRANSFER:

CTLS/STREAM

HOLDING REGISTER

TIME SLOT

TAG

HOLDING REGISTERS

1011 0010

XXXX XXXX

0011 0001

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

IDR

WRITE TO TAG

THIRD TRANSFER:

CTLS/STREAM

HOLDING REGISTER

TIME SLOT

TAG

HOLDING REGISTERS

1110 0000

XXXX XXXX

1110 0000

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

IDR (MUST = AMR)

TRANSFER HOLDING

LOAD CAM:

CTLS/STREAM

REGISTERS TO NEXT FREE

TIME SLOT

TAG

HOLDING REGISTERS

0000 0111

000 01110

0000 0111

DIRECTION BIT: FROM

BUS TO DATA MEMORY

000 01110

0000 0111

0011 0001

DATA LOCATION 49

LOCATION IN EVEN CAM

0011 0001

0000 0111

000 01110

(NOT EMPTY)

(EMPTY)

(LOCATION USED--NOT EMPTY)

(LOCATION NOT USED--EMPTY)

000 01110

0000 0111

EVEN CAM

PIPELINE SRAM

1011 0011

XXXX XXXX

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

WRITE TO TAG

FOURTH TRANSFER:

HOLDING REGISTER

IDR

SUBRATE TAG

MSB

CONTROL

(BIT 0)

CONNECT FROM H-BUS 14, 7 TO LOCAL 3, 29, KEEP DATA IN LOCATION 49

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3 Using the TSI Devices

(continued)

3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for Connections

(continued)

3.4.2 Setting Up H-Bus Connections (continued)

5-6117aF

B. Second Half of Connection, Local Side

Figure 23. CAM Programming, H-Bus-to-Local Connection (continued)

0011 0001

1011 0000

XXXX XXXX

0001 1101

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

IDR

WRITE TO TIME-SLOT

FIRST TRANSFER:

CAM PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE (CONTINUED):

CTLS/STREAM

LOCATION USED--NOT EMPTY

HOLDING REGISTER

TIME SLOT

TAG

HOLDING REGISTERS

1011 0001

XXXX XXXX

100 00011

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

IDR

WRITE TO CONTROL/STREAM

SECOND TRANSFER:

CTLS/STREAM

HOLDING REGISTER

TIME SLOT

TAG

HOLDING REGISTERS

1011 0010

XXXX XXXX

0011 0001

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

IDR

WRITE TO TAG

THIRD TRANSFER:

CTLS/STREAM

HOLDING REGISTER

TIME SLOT

TAG

HOLDING REGISTERS

1110 0011

XXXX XXXX

1110 0011

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

IDR (MUST = AMR)

TRANSFER HOLDING

LOAD CAM:

CTLS/STREAM

REGISTERS TO NEXT FREE

TIME SLOT

TAG

HOLDING REGISTERS

0001 1101

100 00011

0001 1101

DIRECTION BIT: TO BUS

FROM DATA MEMORY

100 00011

0001 1101

0011 0001

DATA LOCATION 49

LOCATION IN LOCAL CAM

0011 0001

0001 1101

100 00011

(NOT EMPTY)

(EMPTY)

(LOCATION USED--NOT EMPTY)

(LOCATION NOT USED--EMPTY)

100 00011

0001 1101

NEXT FREE LOCATION

LOCAL CAM

PIPELINE SRAM

1011 0011

XXXX XXXX

AMR

LAR (UNUSED)

IDR

WRITE TO TAG

FOURTH TRANSFER:

HOLDING REGISTER

SUBRATE TAG

MSB

CONTROL

(BIT 0)

CONNECT FROM H-BUS 14, 7 TO LOCAL 3, 29, KEEP DATA IN LOCATION 49

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3 Using the TSI Devices

(continued)

3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for Connections

(continued)

3.4.3 Programming Examples

;All programming examples included are in a pseudoassembler format.

;The basic commands used are the "move direct" and "move indirect."

;A move direct command is indicated by the letters "MD" followed by

;the register name, then the data. Similarly, a move indirect command

;is indicated by the letters "MI" followed by the register name, then by

;data or another register reference (the register may not be indirect).

;The semicolon delineates comments. Direct data is followed by the

;letter "h" for Hex and "b" for binary.

;*******EXAMPLE #1 - Set Up Clocks, Local Bus, H-Bus, and Framers

;

;*******Misc. Stuff

;

MD,AMR,00h

;Define control space

;all specific register names are equivalent

;to the LAR addresses (from Table 11)

;

;*******Set up Clocks

;**Main Clock Register

MD,IDR,0C2h

;Load IDR with values for bit slider on, slave mode,

;and synced to ECTF Bus A Clocks

MI,CKM,IDR

;The data in IDR is moved into CKM via the LAR register.

;

;**NETREF Registers

MD,IDR,88h

;Set up NETREF from Local Reference 0, 2.048 MHz bit clock

in, divided value

;value out (i.e., 8 kHz), enable the DJAT connections

MI,CKN,IDR

;Move the data to CKN

MD,IDR,0FFh

;Set up NETREF divider with divide-by-256

MI,CKND,IDR

;Move the data to CKND

;

;**Programmable Clocks

MD,IDR,26h

;This selects the oscillator for the TCLKOUT, A Clock

outputs off, and

;driving ECTF B Clocks

MI,CKP,IDR

;Move the data

;

;**Clock Resources

MD,IDR,40h

;Synced to bus so select Resource divider, x16 on PLL #1 &

x8 PLL #2, SC Clocks off

MI,CKR,IDR

;Make it so

MD,IDR,01h

;Set up Resource divider with divide-by-2 for 4 MHz signal

into PLL #1

MI,CKRD,IDR

;Move the data to divider

;

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3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for Connections

(continued)

3.4.3 Programming Examples (continued)

;**Secondary Controls (Fallback)

MD,IDR,35h

;Enable ECTF Fallback: Become the new A Clock master on A

Clock failure,

;synchronizes to a bit clock on local reference 1, but

requires the main divider

;with external input (assumes a CLAD is between the

divider and 4MHzIn).

MI,CKS,IDR

;Move the data to CKS

MD,IDR,0FFh

;Set up Main divider with divide-by-256

MI,CKMD,IDR

;Move the data to divider

;

;**Local Clocks

MD,IDR,0E4h

;Local Selected Clock 3 gets inverted 8.192 MHz, LSC2 gets

2.048 MHz

MI,CK32,IDR

;Move it to CK32

MD,IDR,80h

;LSC1 is high & LSC0 is low

MI,CK10,IDR

;Move it to CK10

;

;*******Set up Local Streams

;

MD,IDR,30h

;8 Streams at 8 Mbits/s

MI,LBS,IDR

;Define input streams per IDR

;

;*******Set up H Bus Streams

;

MD,IDR,0AAh

;Define H-Bus Streams 0 - 15 for 4 Mbits/s

MI,HSL,IDR

;Do it

;

MD,IDR,0FFh

;Define H-Bus Streams 16-31 for 8 Mbits/s

MI,HSH,IDR

;Engage

;*******Set up Framers

;

MD,IDR,00h

;This sequence sets up Group A

MI,FRLA,IDR

;

to start coincident

MI,FRLB,IDR

;

with the Frame

MI,FRPH,IDR

;

boundary and Group B

MD,IDR,0F0h

;

to start halfway through

MI,FRHA,IDR

;

the Frame. The Groups

MD,IDR,0F4h

;

operate in normal framing mode

MI,FRHB,IDR

;

at 8 Mbits/s and are Double Byte wide.

;Note: FRPH sets up the correct routing.

;

;*******Connect the devices to the outside world

;

MD,MCR,0Eh

;

Enable H-Bus Streams & Clock, Local Streams,

local

;

Clocks including Framers

;

;*******END OF EXAMPLE #1

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3 Using the TSI Devices

(continued)

3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for Connections

(continued)

3.4.3 Programming Examples (continued)

;*******EXAMPLE #2 - Setting up Local Connections (T8100A, T8105 only)
;
;

Use 8 Mbits/s rate set up from Example #1...

;

Send data FROM Stream/Time Slot 14, 7 TO Stream/Time Slot 3, 29.

;

To transfer data the local input 14, 7 to the local

;

output 3, 29 the following programming steps are required.

;
MD,LAR,1Dh

;Set up lower address, i.e., Time Slot 29

MD,AMR,43h

;

Set up upper address bits (Stream 3), and
point to the

;

the Time Slot field of the connection memory

MI,IDR,07h

;Put a "7" in the Time Slot field of connection location
3,29

;
;Syntactically, "MI,IDR,data" is a special case since IDR is not the final recipient
of the data
;
MD,AMR,53h

;Maintain the same upper address, but get ready to load the
;

remaining connection info (upper bits +
control)

MI,IDR,0001_1110b

;This decodes as follows: XCS bit low, pattern mode off
;

(not set), frame bit low, time slot enabled,
and stream = 1110b (14)

;
;*******END OF EXAMPLE #2
;*******EXAMPLE #3 - Setting up H-Bus Connections, No Subrate
;
;

Use rate set up from Example #1...

;

Send data from Stream 14/Time Slot 7 of the H.100 bus to Stream 3/Time Slot 29

;

on the Local side. The data is coming in at 4 Mbits/s from E-CAM, and is sent

;

out at 8 Mbits/s to through L-CAM. We're using Data Memory location 49 to hold

;

the actual data. LAR is not used for the CAM connection setups; it is used for

;

reading specific CAM locations or writing and reading the associated Data

;

Memory Locations.

;
;******Set up the "from" connection
;
MD,AMR,0B0h

;Point to the Time-Slot holding register

MI,IDR,07h

;This is the Time-Slot value (7) for the H-Bus address

MD,AMR,0B1h

;Point to the upper bits of the connection

MI,IDR,000_01110b

:Set up a write into data memory from ECTF bus,
;

disable pattern mode, minimum delay,

;

and set stream number equal to 01110b (14).

MD,AMR,0B2h

;Point to tag field

MI,IDR,31h

;Use location 49 of the associated Data RAM to store the data

MD,AMR,0B3h

;Point to the subrate control and TAG MSB field;

MI,IDR,00h

;MSB of location 49 is 0;

;
MD,AMR,0E0h

;Write to next free location in the Even CAM

MI,IDR,0E0h

;The command is executed with the indirect to IDR which
;uses the same command value as in the AMR.

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(continued)

3.4 Using the LAR, AMR, and IDR for Connections

(continued)

3.4.3 Programming Examples (continued)

;

;**Optional: Test CAM Busy bit**

TEST:

MD,ACC,MCR

;Move MCR contents into (host's) accumulator (for example)

AND,01h

;Logical AND, i.e., mask off all but LSB of the MCR register

JNZ TEST

;If the LSB is zero (not busy), continue, else jump back and

;retest

;

CONTINUE:

;

;******Set up the "to" connection

;

MD,AMR,0B0h

;Point to the Time-Slot holding register

MI,IDR,1Dh

;This is the Time-Slot value (29) for the Local address

MD,AMR,0B1h

;Point to the upper bits of the connection

MI,IDR,100_00011b

:Set up a read from data memory to Local pins,

;

disable pattern mode, minimum delay, and set

;

stream number equal to 00011b (3).

MD,AMR,0B2h

;Point to tag field

MI,IDR,31h

;Use location 49 of the associated Data RAM to store the data

;

MD,AMR,0B3h;

MI,IDR,00h;

MD,AMR,0E3h

;Write to next free location in the Local CAM

MI,IDR,0E3h

;The command is executed with the indirect to IDR

;

;**CAM Busy bit can be tested here**

;

;*******END OF EXAMPLE #3

3.4.4 Miscellaneous Commands

These commands (i.e., 0x70, 0xF8, all reset commands in the AMR register) require two writes: first the value is
written to the AMR register; then the same value is written to the IDR register. After writing to the IDR register, the
command will be executed.

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4 Electrical Characteristics

4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are abso-
lute stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess
of those given in the operational sections of this data sheet. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended
periods can adversely affect device reliability.

4.2 Handling Precautions

Although protection circuitry has been designed into this device, proper precautions should be taken to avoid expo-
sure to electrostatic discharge (ESD) during handling and mounting. Lucent employs a human-body model (HBM)
and a charged-device model (CDM) for ESD-susceptibility testing and protection design evaluation. ESD voltage
thresholds are dependent on the circuit parameters used to define the model. No industry-wide standard has been
adopted for CDM. However, a standard HBM (resistance = 1500

, capacitance = 100 pF) is widely used and,

therefore, can be used for comparison purposes:

Description

Symbol

Min

Max

Unit

Supply Voltage

3.6

XTALIN and XTALOUT Pins

Voltage Applied to I/O Pins

� 0.5

+ 3.4

Operating Temperature:

208-pin SQFP
217-ball BGA

--
--

70
85

癈
癈

Storage Temperature

stg

�55

125

癈

HBM ESD Threshold Voltage

Device

Rating

T8100A, T8102, T8105

2500 V

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4 Electrical Characteristics

(continued)

4.3 Crystal Information

Table 72. Crystal Specifications

The devices require a 16.384 MHz clock source. To supply this, a 16.384 MHz crystal can be connected between
the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. External 18 pF, 5% capacitors must be connected from XTALIN and XTALOUT to
V

. Crystal specifications are shown below. The

�

32 ppm tolerance is the suggested value if the oscillator is used

as the clocking source while mastering the bus. Otherwise, a crystal with a lesser tolerance can be used.

Table 73. Use of an Oscillator as an Alternative to Using a Crystal

XTALIN can be driven by a CMOS signal instead of a crystal. XTALIN and XTALOUT are not 5 V tolerant. The oscil-
lator must meet the requirements shown below.

4.4 Reset Pulse

4.5 Thermal Considerations

4.5.1 Thermal Considerations for the 208 SQFP

4.5.2 Thermal Considerations for the 217 PBGA

Parameter

Value

5-6390(F)

Frequency

16.384 MHz

Oscillation Mode

Fundamental, Parallel Resonant

Effective Series Resistance

maximum

Load Capacitance

14 pF

Shunt Capacitance

7 pF maximum

Frequency Tolerance and Stability

32 ppm

Parameter

Value

Frequency

16.384 MHz

Maximum Rise or Fall Time

10 ns, 10% to 90% V

Minimum Pulse Width

Low

High

20 ns

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

RESET Minimum Pulse Width

Parameter

Construction

Details

Body

Size

(mm sq.)

Thermal Numbers

Paddle

Size

(mil sq.)

Max. Power

(Natural

Convection)

(Watts)

Theta-JA (癈/W)

Natural

Convection

200 fpm 500 fpm

4-Layer JEDEC

Test Board

Cu L.F.

26.5

433

2.1

Parameter

Body

Size

(mm sq.)

Array

Details

Ball

Pitch
(mm)

Number

Layers

Thermal Numbers

Max. Power

(Natural

Convection)

(Watts)

Theta-JA (癈/W)

Natural

Convection

200 fpm 500 fpm

4-Layer JEDEC

Test Board

Peripheral

+ T.A.

1.27

32.5

27.5

1.7

18 pF

1 M

16.384 MH

T8100A

XTALIN

XTALOUT

T8102
T8105

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4 Electrical Characteristics

(continued)

4.6 dc Electrical Characteristics, H-Bus (ECTF H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0)

4.6.1 Electrical Drive Specifications--CT_C8 and /CT_FRAME

Table 74. Electrical Drive Specifications--CT_C8 and /CT_FRAME

= 3.3 V and V

= 0.0 V unless otherwise specified.

PCI-compliant data line I/O cells are used for the CT bus data lines. (See PCI Specification, Rev. 2.1, Chapter 4.)

/C16, /C4, C2, SCLK, SCLKX2, and /FR_COMP all use the same driver/receiver pairs as those specified for the
CT_C8 and /CT_FRAME signals, though this is not explicitly stated as a part of the H.100 Specification.

4.7 dc Electrical Characteristics, All Other Pins

Table 75. dc Electrical Characteristics, All Other Pins

= 3.3 V and V

= 0.0 V unless otherwise specified.

* Circuit simulation indicates a typical current of 175 mA and a worst-case current of 275 mA. This parameter is not tested in production.

Parameter

Symbol

Condition

Min

Max

Unit

Output High Voltage

OUT

= �24 mA

2.4

3.3

Output Low Voltage

OUT

= 24 mA

�0.25

0.4

Positive-going Threshold

Vt+

1.2

2.0

Negative-going Threshold

Vt�

0.6

1.6

Hysteresis (Vt+ � Vt�)

HYS

0.4

Input Pin Capacitance

Description

Symbol

Condition

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Supply Current

175*

275*

Supply Voltage

3.0

3.6

Input High Voltage

2.0

Input Low Voltage

0.8

Input Current

礎

Input Capacitance (input only)

Input Capacitance (I/O pins)

Leakage Current (3-state)

LEAK

礎

Input Clamp Voltage

�1.0

Output High Voltage

2.4

Output Low Voltage

0.4

Output Short-circuit Current

tied to GND

100

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4.8 H-Bus Timing (Extract from H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0)

(continued)

4.8.4 ac Electrical Characteristics, Timing, H-Bus (H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0)

Table 76. ac Electrical Characteristics, Timing, H-Bus (H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0)

Symbol

Parameter

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Notes

Clock Edge Rate (all clocks)

0.25

V/ns

1, 2, 4

tC8P

Clock CT_C8 Period

122.066 �

122.074 +

2, 4, 5

tC8H

Clock CT_C8 High Time

49 �

73 +

2, 4, 6

tC8L

Clock CT_C8 Low Time

49 �

73 +

2, 4, 6

tSAMP

Data Sample Point

2, 4, 9

tDOZ

Data Output to HiZ Time

�20

2, 3, 4, 7, 11

tZDO

Data HiZ to Output Time

2, 3, 4, 7, 11

tDOD

Data Output Delay Time

2, 3, 4, 7

tDV

Data Valid Time

2, 3, 4, 8, 10

tDIV

Data Invalid Time

102

112

2, 4

tFP

/CT_FRAME Width

122

180

2, 4

tFS

/CT_FRAME Setup Time

2, 4

tFH

/CT_FRAME Hold Time

2, 4

Phase Correction

1. The rise and fall times are determined by the edge rate in V/ns. A maximum edge rate is the fastest rate at which a clock transitions.

CT_NETREF has a separate requirement. (See Section 2.5 Clocking Section.)

2. Measuring conditions, data lines: VTH (threshold voltage) = 1.4 V, VHI (test high voltage) = 2.4 V, VLO (test low voltage) = 0.4 V, input sig-

nal edge rate = 1 V/ns measuring conditions, clock and frame lines: Vt+ (test high voltage) = 2.0 V, Vt� (test low voltage) = 0.6 V, input sig-
nal edge rate = 1 V/ns.

3. Test load--200 pF.
4. When RESET is active, every output driver is 3-stated.
5. tC8P minimum and maximum are under free-run conditions assuming �32 ppm clock accuracy.
6. Noncumulative, tC8P requirements still need to be met.
7. Measured at the transmitter.
8. Measured at the receiver.
9. For reference only.

10. tDV = maximum clock cable delay + maximum data cable delay + maximum data HiZ to output time = 12 ns + 35 ns + 22 ns = 69 ns. Maxi-

mum clock cable delay and maximum data cable delay are worst-case numbers based on electrical simulation.

11. tDOZ and tZDO apply at every time-slot boundary.
12. F (phase correction) results from PLL timing corrections.

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4 Electrical Characteristics

(continued)

4.8 H-Bus Timing (Extract from H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0)

(continued)

4.8.5 Detailed Clock Skew Diagram

5-6122F

Figure 27. Detailed Clock Skew Diagram

4.8.6 ac Electrical Characteristics, Skew Timing, H-Bus (H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0)

Table 77. ac Electrical Characteristics, Skew Timing, H-Bus (H.100 Spec., Rev. 1.0)

1. Test load--50 pF.
2. Assumes A and B masters in adjacent slots.
3. When static skew is 10 ns and, in the same clock cycle, each clock performs a 10 ns phase correction in opposite directions, a maximum

skew of 30 ns will occur during that clock cycle.

4. Meeting the skew requirements in Table 10 and the requirements of Section 2.3 H-Bus Section could require the PLLs generating CT_C8 to

have different time constants when acting as primary and secondary clock masters.

Symbol

Parameter

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Notes

tSKC8

Maximum Skew Between CT_C8 A and B

�10, �

1, 2, 3, 4

tSKCOMP Maximum Skew Between CT_C8_A and Any

Compatibility Clock

�5

Maximum Skew Between CT_C8_A and L_SCx Clock

�2

Vt+

CT_C8_A

CT_C8_B

tSKC8

Vt+

CT_C8_A

COMPATIBILITY

tSKCOMP

CLOCKS

Vt�

tSKCOMP

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4 Electrical Characteristics

(continued)

4.10 ac Electrical Characteristics, Microprocessor Timing

(continued)

4.10.3 Microprocessor Access

Intel

Demultiplexed Write and Read Cycles

5-6128.cF

Figure 33. Microprocessor Access

Intel

Demultiplexed Write Cycle

5-6128.bF

Figure 34. Microprocessor Access

Intel

Demultiplexed Read Cycle

Table 81. Microprocessor Access Timing

(See Figures 29 through 34.)

Symbol

Description

Condition

Min

Max

Unit

tAS

Address Setup Time

Load = 100 pF

tAH

Address Hold Time

tDV

Data Valid

tDI

Data Invalid

tRDY

Active to Ready Low (

Intel

)

Memory Access

tIACC

Active to Ready High (

Intel

)

Memory Access

145

255

tMACC

Active to

DTACK

Low (

Motorola

)

Memory Access

130

255

tDS

Data Setup Time

tDH

Data Hold Time

A[1:0]

RDY

D[7:0]

tAS

tDS

tDH

tAH

tRDY

tIACC

(RDY DRIVEN LOW
DURING MEMORY
ACCESSES ONLY)

A[1:0]

RDY

D[7:0]

tAS

tDV

tDI

tAH

tRDY

tIACC

(RDY DRIVEN LOW

DURING MEMORY
ACCESSES ONLY)

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Appendix A. Application of Clock
Modes

In the diagrams that follow, four clock modes are illus-
trated using Figure 16, the clocking diagram, as the
basis of each illustration. The key signal paths are
shown in solid lines, and unused paths with narrow
dashes. Two examples also indicate fallback paths. A
register profile (programming values) for all four exam-
ples is on the last page of the appendix.

Figure 35 shows the devices in bus master operation,
so they must link to either an 8 kHz recovered frame
reference or a 2.048 MHz recovered bit clock reference
from the E1 framers. In addition, the devices can pro-
vide one of the basic resource clocks to run the fram-
ers. In this case, the TCLKOUT is selecting the device's
16.384 MHz oscillator. The framers are returning a
2.048 MHz bit clock which is selected through the clock
selector. It is not divided, so the main divider is
bypassed (divide-by-1), the clock is smoothed
through an external DJAT, and the smooth 2.048 MHz
signal is routed to PLL #1 through the clock resource
selector. PLL #1 multiplies the 2.048 MHz input up to
65.536 MHz which, in turn, runs the rest of each
device, all bus clocks, and the local clocks (if desired).
If the devices are not providing NETREF generation,
then the NETREF from the bus is routed to the local
clocks via the NETREF internal/external selector. Since
the NETREF generation resources are not needed
here, the TODJAT and FROMDJAT pins are free for use
with the general-purpose register as bits GP6 and
GP7, respectively.

Figure 36 shows the T1 version of a bus master. In this
scenario, a 1.544 MHz recovered bit clock from the
framers is routed to a multiclock adapter (with built-in
jitter attenuation) which produces smooth 4.096 MHz
and 3.088 MHz outputs. The 4.096 MHz output is
routed up to PLL #1 for a times-16 rate multiplication to
65.536 MHz. This drives the bus clocks and the local
clocks. The smooth 3.088 MHz is also rate multiplied
times 8. This produces a 24.704 MHz clock. This is
divided back down to produce a smooth 12.352 MHz
which is fed back to the framers. (PLL outputs produce
one tightly bound edge and one with significant phase
jitter. Dividing a higher-frequency signal based on its
clean edge produces a lower frequency with two clean
edges.)

Figure 37 shows an H-

MVIP

slave arrangement for E1.

In this example, the C16 differential clocks provide the
main source for PLL #1. The 16.384 MHz signal is
divided down to 4.096 MHz and then rate multiplied up
to 65.536 MHz for driving the rest of each device. The
frame sync for the state machines is derived from the
/FRAME and C16 inputs as well as the state informa-
tion provided by C2 and /C4.

Note: The bit slider is enabled for a smooth phase

alignment between the internal frame and the
frame sync.

The bus clocks are not driven, but the local clocks are
available. A path for NETREF is shown as well, also
based on a 2.048 MHz input. The signal is smoothed
and then divided down to an 8 kHz signal via the
NETREF divider. The internal oscillator is again chosen
for routing to the framers via TCLKOUT.

Figure 38 shows an H-

MVIP

slave for T1. This is identi-

cal to the E1 case with regard to slaving, and a
NETREF path is illustrated in this example, too. The
NETREF divider has been changed to accommodate
the 1.544 MHz bit clock rate. The primary difference is
the use of the C16 clock through the main divider to
generate a 2.048 MHz signal which can be routed off-
chip and adapted to a 1.544 MHz signal using an exter-
nal device. The 1.544 MHz signal is returned to each
device via the 3MHzIN for rate multiplication up to
24.704 MHz and then division to a clean 12.352 MHz
signal which is routed to the framers via TCLKOUT.

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Appendix A. Application of Clock Modes

(continued)

5-6129bF

Figure 35. E1, CT Bus Master, Compatibility Clock Master, Clock Source = 2.048 MHz from Trunk

FRAME

SEL.

x16

4 MHz

2 MHz

FRAME SYNC

DPLL

NETREF

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

CLOCK

RESOURCE

SELECT

DIVIDE-

BY-4

GP6

GP7

NETREF

INT/EXT
SELECT

BIT SLIDER

CONTROLS

BIT SLIDER

STATE

MACHINES

PLL #2

PLL #2 BYPASS

RATE SELECT

PRIREFOUT

4MHzIN

3MHzIN

TCLKOUT

ENABLE

TCLKOUT

SELECT

NET-

�

BY 8

NETREF

SELECT

/CT_FRAME_A

/CT_FRAME_B

/FR_COMP

CLOCK

SEL.

CLOCK

SEL.
AND

INPUT

STATE
MACH.

2.048 MHz

L_REF7

CT_C8

CLKB

/C16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

XTALIN

TODJAT/GP6 FROMDJAT/GP7

DJAT BYPASS

L_SC CTL

FRAME

SEC8K

FRAME

EN_B

EN_A

EN_NETREF1

CT_NETREF1

CT_C8_A

/CT_FRAME_A

CT_C8_B

/CT_FRAME_B

COMPATIBILITY

/CT16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

/FR_COMP

L_SC0

SCSEL

(1 OF 4

L_SC[1:3]

NOT SHOWN)

16.384 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

2.048 MHz

8.192 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

16.384 MHz

PLL#2

�

(FALLBACK PATH)

4.096 MHz

CLOCKS DIRECTION

REF

SEL.

RESOURCE

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

MAIN

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

DIVIDE-

BY-2

CT_NETREF

FRAMERS

2 MHz DJAT

(AND GP6/7 ENABLE)

L_REF0

x16

x32

PLL #1

RATE SELECT

65.536 MHz

BYPASS

EN_NETREF2

CT_NETREF2

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Appendix A. Application of Clock Modes

(continued)

5-6130bF

Figure 36. T1, CT Bus Master, Compatibility Clock Master, Clock Source = 1.544 MHz from Trunk

FRAME

SEL.

x16

4 MHz

2 MHz

FRAME SYNC

DPLL

NETREF

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

CLOCK

RESOURCE

SELECT

DIVIDE-

BY-4

GP6

GP7

NETREF

INT/EXT
SELECT

BIT SLIDER

CONTROLS

BIT SLIDER

STATE

MACHINES

PLL #2

PLL #2 BYPASS

RATE SELECT

PRIREFOUT

4MHzIN

3MHzIN

TCLKOUT

ENABLE

TCLKOUT

SELECT

NET-

�

BY 8

NETREF

SELECT

/CT_FRAME_A

/CT_FRAME_B

/FR_COMP

CLOCK

SEL.

CLOCK

SEL.
AND

INPUT

STATE
MACH.

1.544 MHz

L_REF7

CT_C8

CLKB

/C16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

XTALIN

TODJAT/GP6 FROMDJAT/GP7

L_SC CTL

FRAME

SEC8K

FRAME

EN_B

EN_A

CT_NETREF1

CT_C8_A

/CT_FRAME_A

CT_C8_B

/CT_FRAME_B

COMPATIBILITY

/CT16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

/FR_COMP

L_SC0

SCSEL

(1 OF 4

L_SC[1:3]

NOT SHOWN)

16.384 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

2.048 MHz

8.192 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

16.384 MHz

PLL#2

�

(FALLBACK PATH)

4.096 MHz

CLOCKS DIRECTION

REF

SEL.

RESOURCE

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

MAIN

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

DIVIDE-

BY-2

CT_NETREF

FRAMERS

JITTER ATTENUATED

MULTICLOCK ADAPTER

L_REF0

(XTALIN STILL DRIVES

OTHER INTERNALS.)

EN_NETREF1

CT_NETREF2

EN_NETREF2

x16

x32

PLL #1

RATE SELECT

65.536 MHz

BYPASS

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Appendix A. Application of Clock Modes

(continued)

5-6131bF

Figure 37. E1, Slave to CT Bus, Clock Source Is Either a 16 MHz or a 4 MHz or a 2 MHz and Frame, NETREF

Source = 2.048 MHz from Trunk

FRAME

SEL.

x16

4 MHz

2 MHz

FRAME SYNC

DPLL

NETREF

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

CLOCK

RESOURCE

SELECT

DIVIDE-

BY-4

GP6

GP7

NETREF

INT/EXT
SELECT

BIT SLIDER

CONTROLS

BIT SLIDER

STATE

MACHINES

PLL #2

PLL #2 BYPASS

RATE SELECT

PRIREFOUT

4MHzIN

3MHzIN

TCLKOUT

ENABLE

TCLKOUT

SELECT

NET-

�

BY 8

NETREF

SELECT

/CT_FRAME_A

/CT_FRAME_B

/FR_COMP

CLOCK

SEL.

CLOCK

SEL.
AND

INPUT

STATE
MACH.

2.048 MHz

CT_C8

CLKB

/C16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

XTALIN

TODJAT/GP6

FROMDJAT/GP7

L_SC CTL

FRAME

SEC8K

FRAME

EN_B

EN_A

CT_NETREF1

CT_C8_A

/CT_FRAME_A

CT_C8_B

/CT_FRAME_B

COMPATIBILITY

/CT16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

/FR_COMP

L_SC0

SCSEL

(1 OF 4

L_SC[1:3]

NOT SHOWN)

16.384 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

2.048 MHz

8.192 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

16.384 MHz

PLL#2

�

(FALLBACK PATH)

4.096 MHz

CLOCKS DIRECTION

REF

SEL.

RESOURCE

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

MAIN

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

DIVIDE-

BY-2

CT_NETREF

FRAMERS

L_REF0

2 MHz DJAT

DJAT BYPASS

(AND GP6/7 ENABLE)

L_REF7

EN_NETREF1

CT_NETREF2

EN_NETREF2

x16

x32

PLL #1

RATE SELECT

65.536 MHz

BYPASS

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Appendix A. Application of Clock Modes

(continued)

5-6132bF

Figure 38. T1, Slave to CT Bus, Clock Source Is Either a 16 MHz or a 4 MHz or a 2 MHz and Frame, NETREF

Source = 1.544 MHz from Trunk

FRAME

SEL.

x16

4 MHz

2 MHz

FRAME SYNC

DPLL

NETREF

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

CLOCK

RESOURCE

SELECT

DIVIDE-

BY-4

GP6

GP7

NETREF

INT/EXT
SELECT

BIT SLIDER

CONTROLS

BIT SLIDER

STATE

MACHINES

PLL #2

PLL #2 BYPASS

RATE SELECT

PRIREFOUT

4MHzIN

3MHzIN

TCLKOUT

ENABLE

TCLKOUT

SELECT

NET-

�

BY 8

NETREF

SELECT

/CT_FRAME_A

/CT_FRAME_B

/FR_COMP

CLOCK

SEL.

CLOCK

SEL.
AND

INPUT

STATE
MACH.

1.544 MHz

CT_C8

CLKB

/C16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

XTALIN

TODJAT/GP6

FROMDJAT/GP7

L_SC CTL

FRAME

SEC8K

FRAME

EN_B

EN_A

CT_NETREF1

CT_C8_A

/CT_FRAME_A

CT_C8_B

/CT_FRAME_B

COMPATIBILITY

/CT16

�

/C4

SCLK

SCLKX2

/FR_COMP

L_SC0

SCSEL

(1 OF 4

L_SC[1:3]

NOT SHOWN)

16.384 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

2.048 MHz

8.192 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

2.048 MHz

4.096 MHz

8.192 MHz

16.384 MHz

PLL#2

�

(FALLBACK PATH)

4.096 MHz

CLOCKS DIRECTION

REF

SEL.

RESOURCE

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

MAIN

DIVIDE-BY-N

DIVIDE REGISTER

DIVIDE-

BY-2

CT_NETREF

FRAMERS

L_REF0

1.5 MHz DJAT

DJAT BYPASS

(AND GP6/7 ENABLE)

L_REF7

JITTER ATTENUATED

MULTICLOCK ADAPTER

EN_NETREF1

CT_NETREF2

EN_NETREF2

x16

x32

PLL #1

RATE SELECT

65.536 MHz

BYPASS

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Appendix A. Application of Clock Modes

(continued)

Table 82. Clock Register Programming Profile for the Four Previous Examples

The programming displays how similar the four basic modes of operation are. Local outputs (CK32 and CK10) are
obviously not constrained by the mode of operation. The primary difference between E1 and T1 is in the use of
PLL #2 (which is optional). The primary difference between master and slave is in the clock path to PLL #1, which
is covered by registers CKM, CKR, CKMD, and CKRD.

Note: CKR does include an example of running PLL #1 at X32 for E1 master and X16 for all other cases.

The watchdogs have been set up to monitor all CT bus signals, though fallback (to the oscillator) is shown as
enabled in all examples. It is recommended that the default condition, CKS = 0x00, be used for systems which do
not have specific fallback clocking schemes. Also, while programming the devices on powerup, it is recommended
that the watchdogs are disabled (CKW = 0x00) until the device is fully programmed to prevent false error conditions
(uninitialized clocks, for example) from changing the operating mode.

Register Name

CT Bus Master (E1) CT Bus Master (T1)

CT Bus Slave (E1)

CT Bus Slave (T1)

CKM

0010_1000b

1100_0101b

CKN

0110_0000b

1000_1111b

CKP

0010_0001b

0110_0001b

0010_0000b

0110_0000b

CKR

0001_0000b

0000_0000b

0100_0000b

CKS

0000_0000b

CK32

1001_0100b

0010_0100b

CK10

1101_1111b

1000_0000b

1011_1101b

CKMD

0000_0000b

0000_0111b

CKND

0000_0000b

1111_1111b

1100_0000b

CKRD

0000_0000b

0000_0011b

Watchdog: CKW

0011_1001b

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Appendix B. Minimum Delay and
Constant Delay Connections

B.1 Connection Definitions

Forward

A forward connection is defined as one

Connection

in which the output (to) time slot has a
greater value than the input (from) time
slot, or put another way, the delta
between them is positive.

Reverse

A reverse connection is defined as one

Connection

in which the output (to) time slot has a
lesser value than the input (from) time
slot, and the delta between them is
negative.

So, for example, going from TS(1) to TS(38) is a for-
ward connection, and the TS

is +37, but going from

TS(38) to TS(1) is a reverse connection, with a TS

�37:

where TS

= TS(to) � TS(from).

Similarly, a delta can be introduced for streams which
will have a bearing in certain exceptions (discussed
later):

STR

= STR(to) � STR(from)

There is only one combination which forms a TS

+127 or �127:

= TS(127) � TS(0) = +127, and

= TS(0) � TS(127) = �127,

but there are two combinations which form TS

s of

+126 or �126:

= TS(127) � TS(1) = TS(126) � TS(0) = +126, and

= TS(1) � TS(127) = TS(0) � TS(126) = �126,

there are three combinations which yield +125 or �125,
and so on.

The user can utilize the TS

to control the latency of

the resulting connection. In some cases, the latency
must be minimized. In other cases, such as a block of
connections which must maintain some relative integ-
rity while crossing a frame boundary, the required
latency of some of the connections may exceed one
frame (>128 time slots) to maintain the integrity of this
virtual frame.

Each device contains several bits for controlling
latency. Each connection has a bit which is used for
selecting one of two alternating data buffers. These bits
are set in the local connection memory (T8100A,
T8105 only) for local switching or in the tag register
field of the CAM section for H-bus switching. There are
also 2 bits in the CON register, address 0x0E, which
can control the buffer selection on a chip-wide basis.
Bit 1 of the register overrides the indiv idual FME bits.
Bit 0 becomes the global, chip-wide, FME setting.

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Appendix B. Minimum Delay and
Constant Delay Connections

(continued)

B.2 Delay Type Definitions

Constant Delay This is a well-defined, predictable, and

linear region of latency in which the to
time slot is at least 128 time slots after
the from time slot, but no more than
256 time slots after the from time slot.

Mathematically, constant delay latency is described as
follows*, with L denoting latency, and FME set to the
value indicated:

Forward Connections, FME = 1: L = 128 + TS

127)

Reverse Connections, FME = 0: L = 256 + TS

(�127

* Since TS

= TS(to) � TS(from), the user can modify the equations

to solve for either TS(to) or TS(from).

Minimum Delay This is the most common type of

switching, but has a shorter range than
constant delay, and the user must be
aware of exceptions caused by interac-
tions between the device's internal
pipeline and the dual buffering. The to
time slot is at least three time slots
after the from time slot, but no more
than 128 time slots after the from time
slot. Exceptions exist at TS

s of +1,

+2, �126, and �127.

Forward Connections, FME = 0: L = TS

127)

Reverse Connections, FME = 1: L = 128 + TS

(�125

Example:

Switching from TS(37) to TS(1) as a con-
stant delay, the delta is �36, so FME is
set to 0 and the resulting latency is 256 �
36 = 220 time slots. Thus, the connec-
tion will be made from TS(37) of
Frame(n) to TS(1) of Frame(n + 2).

Simple
Summary:

Use constant delay for latencies of 128
to 256 time slots, set FME = 1 for forward
connections, set FME = 0 for reverse
connections.

Example:

Using the same switching from the
example above, TS(37) to TS(1), the
delta is �36, so FME is set to 1 to effect
the minimum delay (setting to 0 effects
constant delay), and the resulting
latency is 128 � 36 = 92 time slots. The
relative positions of the end time slots
are the same in both minimum and con-
stant delay (i.e., they both switch to
TS[1]), but the actual data is delayed by
an additional frame in the constant delay
case.

Simple
Summary:

Use minimum delay for latencies of 3 to
128 time slots, set FME = 0 for forward
connections, set FME = 1 for reverse
connections.

5-6223 (F)

Figure 39. Constant Delay Connections, CON[1:0] = 0X

PPL

IED DE

(
T

I
M

E SL

)

RESULTING LATENCY

�127

128

127

255

256

(TIME SLOTS)

= 0

E =

129

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Appendix B. Minimum Delay and
Constant Delay Connections

(continued)

B.2 Delay Type Definitions

(continued)

B.2.1 Exceptions to Minimum Delay

Up until this point in the discussion, the STRDs have
not been discussed because the to and from streams
have been irrelevant in the switching process*. Rather
than try to list the exceptions mathematically, a table is
provided. The latencies in these cases may exceed two
frames due to the interaction of the intrinsic pipeline
delays with the double buffering.

Table 83. Table of Special Cases (Exceptions)

Graphically, the minimum delay latency equations are
illustrated below. The exceptions to the minimum delay
have been included in the diagram, connected to the
main function by dashed lines.

FME Value

Latency for

STR

< 0

Latency for

STR

257

258

�126

258

�127

257

B.2.2 Lower Stream Rates

The discussion has centered on 128 time-slot frames
which correspond to 8.192 Mbits/s data rates. How
does one make similar predictions for lower stream
rates?

For 4.096 Mbits/s, multiply the to and from time-slot
values by two (i.e., time slot 0 at 4.096 Mbits/s corre-
sponds to time slot 0 at 8.192 Mbits/s, and time slot
63 at 4.096 Mbits/s corresponds to time slot 126 at
8.192 Mbits/s). Similarly, multiply values by four to con-
vert 2.048 Mbits/s values. The latency equations can
then be applied directly.

* The one universally disallowed connection on the devices is a TS

of 0 and a STR

of 0. This is a stream and time-slot switching to

itself. Loopback on the local bus (e.g., LDO_0 to LDI_0) is permissi-
ble.

5-6224(F)

Figure 40. Minimum Delay Connections, CON[1:0] = 0X

PPL

IED DE

(
T

I
M

E SL

)

RESULTING LATENCY

�127

127

128......256

(TIME SLOTS)

= 1

E =

�126

258

257

SPECIAL LONG LATENCY

CONNECTIONS

(SEE TEXT)

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Appendix B. Minimum Delay and Con-
stant Delay Connections

(continued)

B.2 Delay Type Definitions

(continued)

B.2.3 Mixed Minimum/Constant Delay

An interesting mix of delays occurs when the individual
FME bits are overridden and a chip-wide selection for
FME is used. In short, when these devices are placed
in this mode, and when register bits CON[1:0] = 10, for-
ward connections provide minimum delay, reverse con-
nections provide constant delay. When CON[1:0] = 11,
reverse connections provide minimum delay, forward
connections provide constant delay. The latter is inter-
esting because, graphically, the TS

to latency map-

ping appears as a linear monotonic function covering
255 time slots. (Graphs are in the section which fol-
lows.) The latency equations follow:

CON[1:0] = 10:

Forward Connections: L = TS

127).

Reverse Connections: L = 256 + TS

(�127

0).

CON[1:0] = 11:

Forward and Reverse: L = 128 + TS

(�125

127).

Table 83, Table of Special Cases (Exceptions), applies
to the mixed delays in a similar manner. Simply use bit
0 of CON for the FME value in Table 83.

5-6225(F)

Figure 41. Mixed Minimum/Constant Delay Connections, CON[1:0 = 10]

PPL

IED DE

(
T

I
M

E SL

RESULTING LATENCY

�127

127

256

(TIME SLOTS)

E =

�127

258

129

SPECIAL LONG LATENCY

CONNECTIONS

(SEE TEXT)

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November 1999
DS00-028CTI (Replaces DS98-387NTNB, DA99-002NTNB, DA99-003NTNB)

For additional information, contact your Microelectronics Group Account Manager or the following:
INTERNET: http://www.lucent.com/micro
E-MAIL: docmaster@micro.lucent.com
N. AMERICA:

Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Inc., 555 Union Boulevard, Room 30L-15P-BA, Allentown, PA 18103
1-800-372-2447, FAX 610-712-4106 (In CANADA: 1-800-553-2448, FAX 610-712-4106)

ASIA PACIFIC: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Singapore Pte. Ltd., 77 Science Park Drive, #03-18 Cintech III, Singapore 118256

Tel. (65) 778 8833, FAX (65) 777 7495

CHINA: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., A-F2, 23/F, Zao Fong Universe Building, 1800 Zhong Shan Xi Road, Shanghai

200233 P. R. China Tel. (86) 21 6440 0468, ext. 316, FAX (86) 21 6440 0652

JAPAN: Microelectronics Group, Lucent Technologies Japan Ltd., 7-18, Higashi-Gotanda 2-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan

Tel. (81) 3 5421 1600, FAX (81) 3 5421 1700

EUROPE: Data Requests: MICROELECTRONICS GROUP DATALINE: Tel. (44) 7000 582 368, FAX (44) 1189 328 148

Technical Inquiries: GERMANY: (49) 89 95086 0 (Munich), UNITED KINGDOM: (44) 1344 865 900 (Ascot),

FRANCE: (33) 1 40 83 68 00 (Paris), SWEDEN: (46) 8 594 607 00 (Stockholm), FINLAND: (358) 9 4354 2800 (Helsinki),
ITALY: (39) 02 6608131 (Milan), SPAIN: (34) 1 807 1441 (Madrid)

协谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪褘泄泻芯屑锌芯薪械薪褌: T8102A

Document Outline

协谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪褘泄 泻芯屑锌芯薪械薪褌: T8102A

Document Outline

协谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪褘泄泻芯屑锌芯薪械薪褌: T8102A