1
Copyright
Cirrus Logic, Inc. 2005
(All Rights Reserved)
http://www.cirrus.com
CS5509
Single-supply, 16-bit A/D Converter
Features
Delta-sigma A/D Converter
- 16-bit, No Missing Codes
- Linearity Error: 0.0015%FS
Differential Input
- Pin-selectable Unipolar/Bipolar Ranges
- Common Mode Rejection
105 dB @ dc
120 dB @ 50, 60 Hz
Either 5V or 3.3V Digital Interface
On-chip Self-calibration Circuitry
Output Update Rates up to 200/second
Ultra Low Power: 1.7 mW
Description
The CS5509 is a single-supply, 16-bit, serial-output
CMOS A/D converter. The CS5509 uses charge-bal-
anced (delta-sigma) techniques to provide low-cost,
high-resolution measurements at output word rates up to
200 samples per second.
The on-chip digital filter offers superior line rejection at
50Hz and 60Hz when the device is operated from a
32.768 kHz clock (output word rate = 20 Sps).
The CS5509 has on-chip self-calibration circuitry which
can be initiated at any time or temperature to ensure
minimum offset and full-scale errors.
Low power, high resolution, and small package size
make the CS5509 an ideal solution for loop-powered
transmitters, panel meters, weigh scales, and battery
powered instruments.
ORDERING INFO
RMATION
CS5509-AP -40 C to +85 C
16-pin PDIP
CS5509-AS -40 C to +85 C
16-pin SOIC
CS5509-ASZ -40 C to +85 C
16-pin SOIC Lead Free
I
Differential
4th order
delta-sigma
modulator
VD+
13
VA+
VREF+
9
VREF-
10
AIN-
8
AIN+
7
Calibration
SRAM
Serial
Interface
Logic
Digital
Filter
XIN
4
XOUT
5
CONV
2
Calibration C
OSC
CAL
3
6
BP/UP
CS
1
DRDY
16
SDATA
15
SCLK
14
11
GND
12
AUG `05
DS125F2
CS5509
2
DS125F2
Notes: 1. Both source resistance and shunt capacitance are critical in determining the CS5509's source
impedance requirements. Refer to the text section Analog Input Impedance Considerations.
2. Specifications guaranteed by design, characterization and/or test.
3. Applies after calibration at the temperature of interest.
4. Total drift over the specified temperature range since calibration at power-up at 25 C.
5. The input is differential. Therefore, GND
Signal + Common Mode Voltage VA+.
6. The CS5509 can accept input voltages up to the VA+ analog supply. In unipolar mode the CS5509 will
output all 1's if the dc input magnitude ((AIN+) - (AIN-)) exceeds ((VREF+) - (VREF-)) and will output all
0's if the input becomes more negative than 0 Volts. In bipolar mode the CS5509 will output all 1's if the
dc input magnitude ((AIN+) - (AIN-)) exceeds ((VREF+) - (VREF-)) and will output all 0's if the input
becomes more negative in magnitude than -((VREF+) - (VREF-)).
7. All outputs unloaded. All inputs CMOS levels.
* Refer to the Specification Definitions immediately following the Pin Description Section.
ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+ = 5V 10%; VD+ = 3.3V 5%; VREF+ = 2.5V,
VREF- = 0V; f
CLK
= 32.768 kHz; Bipolar Mode; R
source
= 40
with a 10 nF to GND at AIN; AIN- = 2.5V; unless oth-
erwise specified.) (Notes 1 and 2)
Parameter*
Min Typ
Max
Unit
Accuracy
Linearity Error
f
CLK
= 32.768 kHz
f
CLK
= 165 kHz
f
CLK
= 247.5 kHz
f
CLK
= 330 kHz
-
-
-
-
0.0015
0.0015
0.0015
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.0125
%FS
%FS
%FS
%FS
Differential Nonlinearity
-
0.25
0.5
LSB
Full Scale Erro
(Note 3)
-
0.25
2
LSB
Full Scale Drift
(Note 4)
-
0.5
-
LSB
Unipolar Offset
(Note 3)
-
0.5
2
LSB
Unipolar Offset Drift
(Note 4)
-
0.5
-
LSB
Bipolar Offset
(Note 3)
-
0.25
1
LSB
Bipolar Offset Drift
(Note 4)
-
0.25
-
LSB
Noise (Referred to Output)
-
0.16
-
LSB
rms
Analog Input
Analog Input Range
Unipolar
Bipolar
(Notes 5 and 6)
-
-
0 to +2.5
2.5
-
-
V
V
Common Mode Rejection
dc
f
CLK
= 32.768 kHz
50, 60 Hz
(Note 2)
-
120
105
-
-
-
dB
dB
Input Capacitance
-
15
-
pF
DC Bias Current
(Note 1)
-
5
-
nA
Power Supplies
DC Power Supply Currents
I
Total
I
Analog
I
Digital
-
-
-
350
300
60
450
-
-
A
A
A
Power Dissipation
(Note 7)
-
1.7
2.25
mW
Power Supply Rejection
-
80
-
dB
CS5509
DS125F2
3
Notes: 8. All measurements are performed under static conditions.
9. I
out
= -100 A. This guarantees the ability to drive one TTL load. (V
OH
= 2.4 V at I
out
= -40 A).
Specifications are subject to change without notice
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Symbol
Ratio
Unit
Modulator Sampling Frequency
f
s
f
clk
/2
Hz
Output Update Rate (CONV = 1)
f
out
f
clk
/1622
Hz
Filter Corner Frequency
f
-3dB
f
clk
/1928
Hz
Settling Time to 1/2 LSB (FS Step)
t
s
1/f
out
s
5V DIGITAL CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+, VD+ = 5V 10%; GND = 0) (Notes 2 and 8)
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
High-Level Input Voltage
XIN
All Pins Except XIN
V
IH
3.5
2.0
-
-
-
-
V
V
Low-Level Input Voltage
XIN
All Pins Except XIN
V
IL
-
-
-
-
1.5
0.8
V
V
High-Level Output Voltage
(Note 9)
V
OH
(VD+) -1.0
-
-
V
Low-Level Output Voiltage
I
out
= 1.6 mA
V
OL
-
-
0.4
V
Input Leakage Current
I
in
-
1
10
A
3-State Leakage Current
I
OZ
-
-
10
A
Digital Output Pin Capacitance
C
out
-
9
-
pF
3.3V DIGITAL CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+ = 5V 10%; VD+ = 3.3V 5%; GND = 0)
(Notes 2 and 8)
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
High-Level Input Voltage
XIN
All Pins Except XIN
V
IH
0.7 VD+
0.6 VD+
-
-
-
-
V
V
Low-Level Input Voltage
XIN
All Pins Except XIN
V
IL
-
-
-
-
0.3 VD+
0.16 VD+
V
V
High-Level Output Voltage
(Note 9)
V
OH
(VD+) -0.3
-
-
V
Low-Level Output Voiltage
I
out
= 1.6 mA
V
OL
-
-
0.3
V
Input Leakage Current
I
in
-
1
10
A
3-State Leakage Current
I
OZ
-
-
10
A
Digital Output Pin Capacitance
C
out
-
9
-
pF
CS5509
4
DS125F2
Notes: 10. Specidified using 10% and 90% points on waveform of interest.
11. An internal power-on-reset is activated whenever power is applied to the device.
12. Oscillator start-up time varies with the crystal parameters. This specification does not apply when using
an external clock source.
13. The wake-up period begins once the oscillator starts; or when using an external f
clk
, after the power-on
reset time elapses.
14. Calibration can also be initiated by pulsing CAL high while CONV=1.
15. Conversion time will be 1622/f
clk
if CONV remains high continuously.
5V SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+, VD+ = 5V 10%; Input Levels: Logic 0 =
0V, Logic 1 = VD+; C
L
= 50 pF) (Note 2)
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
Master Clock Frequency
Internal Oscillator
External Clock
XIN
f
clk
30.0
30
32.768
-
53.0
330
kHz
kHz
Master Clock Duty Cycle
40
-
60
%
Rise Times
Any Digital Input
(Note 10)
Any Digital Output
t
rise
-
-
-
50
1.0
-
s
ns
Fall Time
Any Digital Input
(Note 10)
Any Digital Output
t
fall
-
-
-
20
1.0
-
s
ns
Start-Up
Power-On Reset Period
(Note 11)
t
res
-
10
-
ms
Oscillator Start-up Time
XTAL = 32.768 kHz (Note 12)
t
osu
-
500
-
ms
Wake-up Period
(Note 13)
t
wup
-
1800/f
clk
-
s
Calibration
CONV Pulse Width (CAL = 1)
(Note 14)
t
ccw
100
-
-
ns
CONV and CAL High to Start of Calibration
t
scl
-
-
2/f
clk
+200
ns
Start of Calibration to End of Calibration
t
cal
-
3246/f
clk
-
s
Conversion
CONV Pulse Width
t
cpw
100
-
-
ns
CONV High to Start of Conversion
t
scn
-
-
2/f
clk
+200
ns
Set Up Time
BP/UP stable prior to DRDY falling
t
bus
82/f
clk
-
-
s
Hold Time
BP/UP stable after DRDY falls
t
buh
0
-
-
ns
Start of Conversion to End of Conversion
(Note 15)
t
con
-
1624/f
clk
-
s
CS5509
DS125F2
5
3.3V SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+ = 5V 10%; VD+ = 3.3V 5%; Input
Levels: Logic 0 = 0V, Logic 1 = VD+; C
L
= 50 pF) (Note 2)
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
Master Clock Frequency
Internal Oscillator
External Clock
XIN
f
clk
30.0
30
32.768
-
53.0
330
kHz
kHz
Master Clock Duty Cycle
40
-
60
%
Rise Times
Any Digital Input
(Note 10)
Any Digital Output
t
rise
-
-
-
50
1.0
-
s
ns
Fall Time
Any Digital Input
(Note 10)
Any Digital Output
t
fall
-
-
-
20
1.0
-
s
ns
Start-Up
Power-On Reset Period
(Note 11)
t
res
-
10
-
ms
Oscillator Start-up Time
XTAL = 32.768 kHz (Note 12)
t
osu
-
500
-
ms
Wake-up Period
(Note 13)
t
wup
-
1800/f
clk
-
s
Calibration
CONV Pulse Width (CAL = 1)
(Note 14)
t
ccw
100
-
-
ns
CONV and CAL High to Start of Calibration
t
scl
-
-
2/f
clk
+200
ns
Start of Calibration to End of Calibration
t
cal
-
3246/f
clk
-
s
Conversion
CONV Pulse Width
t
cpw
100
-
-
ns
CONV High to Start of Conversion
t
scn
-
-
2/f
clk
+200
ns
Set Up Time
BP/UP stable prior to DRDY falling
t
bus
82/f
clk
-
-
s
Hold Time
BP/UP stable after DRDY falls
t
buh
0
-
-
ns
Start of Conversion to End of Conversion
(Note 15)
t
con
-
1624/f
clk
-
s
CS5509
6
DS125F2
t
ccw
XIN
Calibration
Standby
Standby
t
scl
t
cal
XIN/2
STATE
CAL
CONV
Figure 1. Calibration Timing (Not to Scale)
XIN
XIN/2
t
buh
Conversion
Standby
Standby
CONV
STATE
t
scn
t
con
DRDY
BP/UP
t
bus
t
cpw
Figure 2. Conversion Timing (Not to Scale)
CS5509
DS125F2
7
Notes: 16. If CS is activated asynchronously to DRDY, CS will not be recognized if it occurs when DRDY is high
for 2 clock cycles. The propagation delay time may be as great as 2 f
clk
cycles plus 200 ns. To guarantee
proper clocking of SDATA when using asynchronous CS, SCLK(i) should not be taken high sooner than
2 f
clk
+ 200 ns after CS goes low.
17. SDATA transitions on the falling edge of SCLK. Note that a rising SCLK must occur to enable the serial
port shifting mechanism before falling edges can be recognized.
18. If CS is returned high before all data bits are output, the SDATA output will complete the current data
bit and then go to high impedance.
5V SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+, VD+ = 5V 10%; Input Levels: Logic 0 =
0V, Logic 1 = VD+; C
L
= 50 pF) (Note 2)
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
Serial Clock
f
sclk
0
-
2.5
MHz
Serial Clock
Pulse Width High
Pulse Width Low
t
ph
t
pl
200
200
-
-
-
-
ns
ns
Access Time
CS Low to data valid (Note 16)
t
csd
-
60
200
ns
Maximum Delay Time
(Note 17)
SCLK falling to new SDATA bit
t
dd
-
150
310
ns
Output Float Delay
CS High to output Hi-Z (Note 18)
SCLK falling to Hi-Z
t
fd1
t
fd2
-
-
60
160
150
300
ns
ns
3.3V SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
(T
A
= 25 C; VA+ = 5V 10%; VD+ = 3.3V 5%; Input
Levels: Logic 0 = 0V, Logic 1 = VD+; C
L
= 50 pF) (Note 2)
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
Serial Clock
f
sclk
0
-
1.25
MHz
Serial Clock
Pulse Width High
Pulse Width Low
t
ph
t
pl
200
200
-
-
-
-
ns
ns
Access Time
CS Low to data valid (Note 16)
t
csd
-
100
200
ns
Maximum Delay Time
(Note 17)
SCLK falling to new SDATA bit
t
dd
-
400
600
ns
Output Float Delay
CS High to output Hi-Z (Note 18)
SCLK falling to Hi-Z
t
fd1
t
fd2
-
-
70
320
150
500
ns
ns
CS5509
8
DS125F2
SCLK(i)
MSB-1
MSB
MSB-2
SDATA(o)
Hi-Z
MSB-1
MSB
LSB+2
LSB+1
LSB
SCLK(i)
SDATA(o)
Hi-Z
t
fd1
t
csd
t
dd
t
ph
t
pl
t
dd
t
csd
CS
CS
DRDY
DRDY
t
fd2
Figure 3. Timing Relationships (Not to Scale)
CS5509
DS125F2
9
Notes: 19. All voltages with respect to ground.
20. The CS5509 can be operated with a reference voltage as low as 100 mV; but with a corresponding
reduction in noise-free resolution. The common mode voltage of the voltage reference may be any value
as long as +VREF and -VREF remain inside the supply values of VA+ and GND.
Notes: 21. No pin should go more positive than (VA+) + 0.3 V.
22. VD+ must always be less than (VA+) + 0.3 V, and can never exceed +6.0 V.
23. Applies to all pins including continuous overvoltage conditions at the analog input (AIN) pin.
24. Transient currents of up to 100 mA will not cause SCR latch-up. Maximum input current for a power
supply pin is 50 mA.
25. Total power dissipation, including all input currents and output currents.
*WARNING:Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
(DGND = 0V) (Note 19)
Parameter
Symbol Min Typ
Max
Unit
DC Power Supplies
Positive Digital
Positive Analog
VD+
VA+
3.15
4.5
5.0
5.0
5.5
5.5
V
V
Analog Reference Voltage
(Note 20)
(VREF+) -
(VREF-)
1.0
2.5
3.6
V
Analog Input Voltage
(Note 6)
Unipolar
Bipolar
VAIN
VAIN
0
-((VREF+) - (VREF-))
-
-
(VREF+) - (VREF-)
(VREF+) - (VREF-)
V
V
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Parameter
Symbol Min
Typ
Max
Unit
DC Power Supplies
Ground
(Note 21)
Positive Digital
(Note 22)
Positive Analog
GND
VD+
VA+
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-
-
-
(VD+)-0.3
6.0
6.0
V
V
V
Input Current, Any Pin Except Supplies
(Notes 23 and 24)
I
in
-
-
10
mA
Output Current
I
out
-
-
25
mA
Power Dissipation (Total)
(Note 25)
-
-
500
mW
Analog Input Voltage
AIN and VREF pins
V
INA
-0.3
-
(VA+)+0.3
V
Digital Input Voltage
V
IND
-0.3
-
(VD+)+0.3
V
Ambient Operating Temperature
T
A
-40
-
85
C
Storage Temperature
T
stg
-65
-
150
C
CS5509
10
DS125F2
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The CS5509 is a low power, 16-bit, monolithic
CMOS A/D converter designed specifically for
measurement of dc signals. The CS5509 includes a
delta-sigma charge-balance converter, a voltage
reference, a calibration microcontroller with
SRAM, a digital filter and a serial interface.
The CS5509 is optimized to operate from a 32.768
kHz crystal but can be driven by an external clock
whose frequency is between 30kHz and 330kHz.
When the digital filter is operated with a 32.768
kHz clock, the filter has zeros precisely at 50 and
60 Hz line frequencies and multiples thereof.
The CS5509 uses a "start convert" command to
start a convolution cycle on the digital filter. Once
the filter cycle is completed, the output port is up-
dated.When operated with a 32.768kHz clock the
ADC converts and updates its output port at 20
samples/sec.The output port operates in a synchro-
nous externally-clocked interface format.
THEORY OF OPERATION
Basic Converter Operation
The CS5509 A/D converter has three operating
states. These are stand-by, calibration, and conver-
sion. When power is first applied, an internal pow-
er-on reset delay of about 10 ms resets all of the
logic in the device. The oscillator must then begin
oscillating before the device can be considered
functional. After the power-on reset is applied, the
device enters the wake-up period for 1800 clock
cycles after clock is present. This allows the delta-
sigma modulator and other circuitry (which are op-
erating with very low currents) to reach a stable
bias condition prior to entering into either the cali-
bration or conversion states. During the 1800 cycle
wake-up period, the device can accept an input
command. Execution of this command will not oc-
cur until the complete wake-up period elapses. If
no command is given, the device enters the standby
state.
Calibration
After the initial application of power, the CS5509
must enter the calibration state prior to performing
accurate conversions. During calibration, the chip
executes a two-step process. The device first per-
forms an offset calibration and then follows this
with a gain calibration. The two calibration steps
determine the zero reference point and the full scale
reference point of the converter's transfer function.
From these points it calibrates the zero point and a
gain slope to be used to properly scale the output
digital codes when doing conversions.
The calibration state is entered whenever the CAL
and CONV pins are high at the same time. The state
of the CAL and CONV pins at power-on are recog-
nized as commands, but will not be executed until
the end of the 1800 clock cycle wake-up period.
If CAL and CONV become active (high) during the
1800 clock cycle wake-up time, the converter will
wait until the wake-up period elapses before exe-
cuting the calibration. If the wake-up time has
elapsed, the converter will be in the standby mode
waiting for instruction and will enter the calibration
cycle immediately if CAL and CONV become ac-
tive. The calibration lasts for 3246 clock cycles.
Calibration coefficients are then retained in the
SRAM (static RAM) for use during conversion.
The state of BP/UP is ignored during calibration
but should remain stable throughout the calibration
period to minimize noise.
When conversions are performed in unipolar mode
or in bipolar mode, the converter uses the same cal-
ibration factors to compute the digital output code.
The only difference is that in bipolar mode the on-
chip microcontroller offsets the computed output
word by a code value of 8000H. This means that the
bipolar measurement range is not calibrated from
full scale positive to full scale negative. Instead it is
calibrated from the bipolar zero scale point to full
scale positive. The slope factor is then extended be-
low bipolar zero to accommodate the negative in-
CS5509
DS125F2
11
put signals. The converter can be used to convert
both unipolar and bipolar signals by changing the
BP/UP pin. Recalibration is not required when
switching between unipolar and bipolar modes.
At the end of the calibration cycle, the on-chip mi-
crocontroller checks the logic state of the CONV
signal. If the CONV input is low the device will en-
ter the standby mode where it waits for further in-
struction. If the CONV signal is high at the end of
the calibration cycle, the converter will enter the
conversion state and perform a conversion on the
input channel. The CAL signal can be returned low
any time after calibration is initiated. CONV can
also be returned low, but it should never be taken
low and then taken back high until the calibration
period has ended and the converter is in the standby
state. If CONV is taken low and then high again
with CAL high while the converter is calibrating,
the device will interrupt the current calibration cy-
cle and start a new one. If CAL is taken low and
CONV is taken low and then high during calibra-
tion, the calibration cycle will continue as the con-
version command is disregarded. The state of
BP/UP is not important during calibrations.
If an "end of calibration" signal is desired, pulse the
CAL signal high while leaving the CONV signal
high continuously. Once the calibration is complet-
ed, a conversion will be performed. At the end of
the conversion, DRDY will fall to indicate the first
valid conversion after the calibration has been
completed.
Conversion
The conversion state can be entered at the end of
the calibration cycle, or whenever the converter is
idle in the standby mode. If CONV is taken high to
initiate a calibration cycle ( CAL also high), and re-
mains high until the calibration cycle is completed
(CAL is taken low after CONV transitions high),
the converter will begin a conversion upon comple-
tion of the calibration period.
The BP/UP pin is not a latched input. The BP/UP
pin controls how the output word from the digital
filter is processed. In bipolar mode the output word
computed by the digital filter is offset by 8000H
(see Understanding Converter Calibration). BP/UP
can be changed after a conversion is started as long
as it is stable for 82 clock cycles of the conversion
period prior to DRDY falling. If one wishes to in-
termix measurement of bipolar and unipolar signals
on various input signals, it is best to switch the
BP/UP pin immediately after DRDY falls and
leave BP/UP stable until DRDY falls again.
The digital filter in the CS5509 has a Finite Im-
pulse Response and is designed to settle to full ac-
curacy in one conversion time.
If CONV is left high, the CS5509 will perform con-
tinuous conversions. The conversion time will be
1622 clock cycles. If conversion is initiated from
the standby state, there may be up to two XIN clock
cycles of uncertainty as to when conversion actual-
ly begins. This is because the internal logic oper-
ates at one half the external clock rate and the exact
phase of the internal clock may be 180 out of
phase relative to the XIN clock. When a new con-
version is initiated from the standby state, it will
take up to two XIN clock cycles to begin. Actual
conversion will use 1624 clock cycles before
DRDY goes low to indicate that the serial port has
been updated. See the Serial Interface Logic sec-
tion of the data sheet for information on reading
data from the serial port.
In the event the A/D conversion command (CONV
going positive) is issued during the conversion
state, the current conversion will be terminated and
a new conversion will be initiated.
Voltage Reference
The CS5509 uses a differential voltage reference
input. The positive input is VREF+ and the nega-
tive input is VREF-. The voltage between VREF+
and VREF- can range from 1 volt minimum to 3.6
volts maximum. The gain slope will track changes
CS5509
12
DS125F2
in the reference without recalibration, accommo-
dating ratiometric applications.
Analog Input Range
The analog input range is set by the magnitude of
the voltage between the VREF+ and VREF- pins.
In unipolar mode the input range will equal the
magnitude of the voltage reference. In bipolar
mode the input voltage range will equate to plus
and minus the magnitude of the voltage reference.
While the voltage reference can be as great as 3.6
volts, its common mode voltage can be any value as
long as the reference inputs VREF+ and VREF-
stay within the supply voltages VA+ and GND.
The differential input voltage can also have any
common mode value as long as the maximum sig-
nal magnitude stays within the supply voltages.
The A/D converter is intended to measure dc or low
frequency inputs. It is designed to yield accurate
conversions even with noise exceeding the input
voltage range as long as the spectral components of
this noise will be filtered out by the digital filter.
For example, with a 3.0 volt reference in unipolar
mode, the converter will accurately convert an in-
put dc signal up to 3.0volts with up to 15% over-
range for 60Hz noise. A 3.0volt dc signal could
have a 60Hz component which is 0.5volts above
the maximum input of 3.0 (3.5 volts peak; 3.0 volts
dc plus 0.5 volts peak noise) and still accurately
convert the input signal (XIN = 32.768 kHz). This
assumes that the signal plus noise amplitude stays
within the supply voltages.
The CS5509 converters output data in binary for-
mat when converting unipolar signals and in offset
binary format when converting bipolar signals. Ta-
ble 1 outlines the output coding for both unipolar
and bipolar measurement modes.
Converter Performance
The CS5509 A/D converter has excellent linearity
performance. Calibration minimizes the errors in
offset and gain. The CS5509 device has no missing
code performance to 16-bits. Figure4 illustrates the
DNL of the CS5509. The converter achieves Com-
mon Mode Rejection (CMR) at dc of 105dB typi-
cal, and CMR at 50 and 60Hz of 120dB typical.
The CS5509 can experience some drift as tempera-
ture changes. The CS5509 uses chopper-stabilized
techniques to minimize drift. Measurement errors
due to offset or gain drift can be eliminated at any
time by recalibrating the converter.
Analog Input Impedance Considerations
The analog input of the CS5509 can be modeled as
illustrated in Figure 5. Capacitors (15 pF each) are
used to dynamically sample each of the inputs
(AIN+ and AIN-). Every half XIN cycle the switch
alternately connects the capacitor to the output of
the buffer and then directly to the AIN pin. When-
ever the sample capacitor is switched from the out-
put of the buffer to the AIN pin, a small packet of
charge (a dynamic demand of current) is required
from the input source to settle the voltage of the
sample capacitor to its final value. The voltage on
the output of the buffer may differ up to 100 mV
from the actual input voltage due to the offset volt-
age of the buffer. Timing allows one half of a XIN
clock cycle for the voltage on the sample capacitor
to settle to its final value.
Unipolar Input
Voltage
Output
Codes
Bipolar Input
Voltage
> (VREF - 1.5 LSB)
FFFF
> (VREF - 1.5 LSB)
VREF - 1.5 LSB
VREF - 1.5 LSB
VREF/2 - 0.5 LSB
-0.5 LSB
+0.5 LSB
-VREF + 0.5 LSB
< (+0.5 LSB)
0000
< (-VREF + 0.5 LSB)
Note: Table excludes common mode voltage on the
signal and reference inputs.
Table 1. Output Coding
FFFF
FFFE
----------------
8000
7FFF
---------------
0001
0000
-------------
CS5509
DS125F2
13
An equation for the maximum acceptable source
resistance is derived.
This equation assumes that the offset voltage of the
buffer is 100 mV, which is the worst case. The val-
ue of Ve is the maximum error voltage which is ac-
ceptable. C
EXT
is the combination of any external
or stray capacitance.
For a maximum error voltage (Ve) of 10 V in the
CS5509 (1/4LSB at 16-bits), the above equation in-
dicates that when operating from a 32.768 kHz
XIN, source resistances up to 110 k
are accept-
able in the absence of external capacitance
(C
EXT
=0).
The VREF+ and VREF- inputs have nearly the
same structure as the AIN+ and AIN- inputs.
Therefore, the discussion on analog input imped-
ance applies to the voltage reference inputs as well.
Digital Filter Characteristics
The digital filter in the CS5509 is the combination
of a comb filter and a low pass filter. The comb fil-
ter has zeros in its transfer function which are opti-
mally placed to reject line interference frequencies
(50 and 60 Hz and their multiples) when the
CS5509 is clocked at 32.768 kHz. Figures 6, 7 and
8 illustrate the magnitude and phase characteristics
of the filter. Figure 6 illustrates the filter attenua-
tion from dc to 260 Hz. At exactly 50, 60, 100, and
120 Hz the filter provides over 120 dB of rejection.
Table 2 indicates the filter attenuation for each of
the potential line interference frequencies when the
converter is operating with a 32.768 kHz clock.
The converter yields excellent attenuation of these
interference frequencies even if the fundamental
line frequency should vary 1% from its specified
frequency. The -3 dB corner frequency of the filter
when operating from a 32.768 kHz clock is 17 Hz.
Figure 8 illustrates that the phase characteristics of
the filter are precisely linear phase.
If the CS5509 is operated at a clock rate other than
32.768kHz, the filter characteristics, including the
comb filter zeros, will scale with the operating
clock frequency. Therefore, optimum rejection of
Figure 4. CS5509 Differential Nonlinearity Plot
+
15 pF
V
os
100 mV
+
V
os
100 mV
Internal
Bias
Voltage
15 pF
AIN+
AIN-
-
-
Figure 5. Analog Input Model
Rsmax
1
2XIN 15pF CEXT
+
(
)
Ve
Ve
15pF 100mV
(
)
15pF CEXT
+
-------------------------------------
+
---------------------------------------------------
ln
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=
CS5509
14
DS125F2
line frequency interference will occur with the
CS5509 running at 32.768kHz.
Table 2. Filter Notch Attenuation (XIN = 32.768 kHz)
Anti-Alias Considerations for Spectral
Measurement Applications
Input frequencies greater than one half the output
word rate (CONV = 1) may be aliased by the con-
verter. To prevent this, input signals should be lim-
ited in frequency to no greater than one half the
output word rate of the converter (when CONV
=1). Frequencies close to the modulator sample rate
(XIN/2) and multiples thereof may also be aliased.
If the signal source includes spectral components
above one half the output word rate (when CONV
= 1) these components should be removed by
means of low-pass filtering prior to the A/D input
0
0
40
402.83
80
805.66
120
1208.5
160
1611.3
200
2014.2
240
2416.9
Frequency (Hz)
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
At
t
e
n
u
a
t
i
o
n
(
d
B
)
XIN = 32.768 kHz
X1
X2
X1 = 32.768kHz
X2 = 330.00kHz
Figure 6. Filter Magnitude Plot to 260 Hz
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Frequency (Hz)
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
A
t
t
e
nuat
i
on
(
d
B
)
Flatness
dB
-0.010
-0.041
-0.093
-0.166
-0.259
-0.510
-0.667
-0.846
-1.047
-3.093
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
17
XIN = 32.768 kHz
Frequency
-0.374
Figure 7. Filter Magnitude Plot to 50 Hz
Frequency
(Hz)
Notch
Depth
(dB)
Frequency
(Hz)
Minimum
Attenuation
(dB)
50
125.6
50 1%
55.5
60
126.7
60 1%
58.4
100
145.7
100 1%
62.2
120
136.0
120 1%
68.4
150
118.4
150 1%
74.9
180
132.9
180 1%
87.9
200
102.5
200 1%
94.0
240
108.4
240 1%
104.4
0
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Frequency (Hz)
-180
-135
-90
-45
0
45
90
135
180
Pha
se
(D
egre
es
)
XIN = 32.768 kHz
Figure 8. Filter Phase Plot to 50 Hz
CS5509
DS125F2
15
to prevent aliasing. Spectral components greater
than one half the output word rate on the VREF in-
puts (VREF+ and VREF-) may also be aliased. Fil-
tering of the reference voltage to remove these
spectral components from the reference voltage is
desirable.
Crystal Oscillator
The CS5509 is designed to be operated using a
32.768kHz "tuning fork" type crystal. One end of
the crystal should be connected to the XIN input.
The other end should be attached to XOUT. Short
lead lengths should be used to minimize stray ca-
pacitance.
Over the industrial temperature range (-40 to
+85 C) the on-chip gate oscillator will oscillate
with other crystals in the range of 30kHz to 53 kHz.
The chip will operate with external clock frequen-
cies from 30kHz to 330kHz over the industrial tem-
perature range. The 32.768 kHz crystal is normally
specified as a time-keeping crystal with tight spec-
ifications for both initial frequency and for drift
over temperature. To maintain excellent frequency
stability, these crystals are specified only over lim-
ited operating temperature ranges (i.e. -10 C to
+60 C) by the manufacturers. Applications of
these crystals with the CS5509 does not require
tight initial tolerance or low tempco drift. There-
fore, a lower cost crystal with looser initial toler-
ance and tempco will generally be adequate for use
with the CS5509. Also check with the manufactur-
er about wide temperature range application of
their standard crystals. Generally, even those crys-
tals specified for limited temperature range will op-
erate over much larger ranges if frequency stability
over temperature is not a requirement. The frequen-
cy stability can be as bad as 3000 ppm over the
operating temperature range and still be typically
better than the line frequency (50 Hz or 60Hz) sta-
bility over cycle-to-cycle during the course of a
day.
Serial Interface Logic
The digital filter in the CS5509 takes 1624 clock
cycles to compute an output word once a conver-
sion begins. At the end of the conversion cycle, the
filter will attempt to update the serial port. Two
clock cycles prior to the update DRDY will go
high. When DRDY goes high just prior to a port up-
date it checks to see if the port is either empty or
unselected (CS = 1). If the port is empty or unse-
lected, the digital filter will update the port with a
new output word. When new data is put into the
port DRDY will go low.
Reading Serial Data
SDATA is the output pin for the serial data. When
CS goes low after new data becomes available
(DRDY goes low), the SDATA pin comes out of
Hi-Z with the MSB data bit present. SCLK is the
input pin for the serial clock. If the MSB data bit is
on the SDATA pin, the first rising edge of SCLK
enables the shifting mechanism. This allows the
falling edges of SCLK to shift subsequent data bits
out of the port. Note that if the MSB data bit is out-
put and the SCLK signal is high, the first falling
edge of SCLK will be ignored because the shifting
mechanism has not become activated. After the
first rising edge of SCLK, each subsequent falling
edge will shift out the serial data. Once the LSB is
present, the falling edge of SCLK will cause the
SDATA output to go to Hi-Z and DRDY to return
high. The serial port register will be updated with a
new data word upon the completion of another con-
version if the serial port has been emptied, or if the
CS is inactive (high).
CS can be operated asynchronously to the DRDY
signal. The DRDY signal need not be monitored as
long as the CS signal is taken low for at least two
XIN clock cycles plus 200ns prior to SCLK being
toggled. This ensures that CS has gained control
over the serial port.
CS5509
16
DS125F2
Power Supplies and Grounding
The analog and digital supply pins to the CS5509
are brought out on separate pins to minimize noise
coupling between the analog and digital sections of
the chip. In the digital section of the chip the supply
current flows into the VD+ pin and out of the GND
pin. As a CMOS device, the CS5509 requires that
the supply voltage on the VA+ pin always be more
positive than the voltage on any other pin of the de-
vice. If this requirement is not met, the device can
latch-up or be damaged. In all circumstances the
VA+ voltage must remain more positive than the
VD+ or GND pins; VD+ must remain more posi-
tive than the GND pin.
Figure 9a illustrates the System Connection Dia-
gram for the CS5509. Note that all supply pins are
bypassed with 0.1 F capacitors and that the VD+
digital supply is derived from the VA+ supply. Fig-
ure 9b illustrates the CS5509 operating from a +5V
analog supply and +3.3V digital supply.
When using separate supplies for VA+ and VD+,
VA+ must be established first. VD+ should never
become more positive than VA+ under any operat-
ing condition. Remember to investigate transient
power-up conditions, when one power supply may
have a faster rise time.
CS5509
DS125F2
17
Figure 9a. System Connection Diagram Using a Single Supply
CS5509
+5V
Analog
Supply
VD+
VA+
VREF+
VREF-
GND
0.1 F
0.1 F
8
7
9
10
11
12
13
+
-
Analog
Signal
AIN+
AIN-
SCLK
SDATA
14
15
XIN
XOUT
16
DRDY
CAL
3
1
CS
CONV
2
6
BP/UP
4
5
32.768 kHz
10
Voltage
Reference
Optional
Clock
Source
Serial
Data
Interface
Control
Logic
CS5509
18
DS125F2
Figure 9b. System Connection Diagram Using Split Supplies
CS5509
+5V
Analog
Supply
VD+
VA+
VREF+
VREF-
GND
0.1 F
0.1 F
8
7
9
10
11
12
13
+
-
Analog
Signal
AIN+
AIN-
SCLK
SDATA
14
15
XIN
XOUT
16
DRDY
CAL
3
1
CS
CONV
2
6
BP/UP
4
5
32.768 kHz
Voltage
Reference
Optional
Clock
Source
Serial
Data
Interface
Control
Logic
+3.3V to +5V
Digital
Supply
Note: VD+ must never be more positive than VA+
CS5509
DS125F2
19
PIN DESCRIPTIONS*
* Pinout applies to both PDIP and SOIC
Clock Generator
XIN; XOUT - Crystal In; Crystal Out, Pins 4, 5.
A gate inside the chip is connected to these pins and can be used with a crystal to provide the
master clock for the device. Alternatively, an external (CMOS compatible) clock can be
supplied into the XIN pin to provide the master clock for the device. Loss of clock will put the
device into a lower powered state (approximately 70% power reduction).
Serial Output I/O
CS - Chip Select, Pin 1.
This input allows an external device to access the serial port.
DRDY - Data Ready, Pin 16.
Data Ready goes low at the end of a digital filter convolution cycle to indicate that a new
output word has been placed into the serial port. DRDY will return high after all data bits are
shifted out of the serial port or two master clock cycles before new data becomes available if
the CS pin is inactive (high).
SDATA - Serial Data Output, Pin 15.
SDATA is the output pin of the serial output port. Data from this pin will be output at a rate
determined by SCLK. Data is output MSB first and advances to the next data bit on the falling
edges of SCLK. SDATA will be in a high impedance state when not transmitting data.
SCLK - Serial Clock Input, Pin 14.
A clock signal on this pin determines the output rate of the data from the SDATA pin. This pin
must not be allowed to float.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
DRDY
SDATA
SCLK
VD+
GND
VA+
VREF-
VREF+
AIN-
AIN+
BP/UP
XOUT
XIN
CAL
CONV
CS
DIFFERENTIAL ANALOG INPUT
DIFFERENTIAL ANALOG INPUT
BIPOLAR / UNIPOLAR
CRYSTAL OUT
CRYSTAL IN
CALIBRATE
CONVERT
CHIP SELECT
DATA READY
SERIAL DATA OUTPUT
SERIAL CLOCK INPUT
POSITIVE DIGITAL POWER
GROUND
POSITIVE ANALOG POWER
VOLTAGE REFERENCE INPUT
VOLTAGE REFERENCE INPUT
CS5509
20
DS125F2
Control Input Pins
CAL - Calibrate, Pin 3.
When taken high the same time that the CONV pin is taken high the converter will perform a
self-calibration which includes calibration of the offset and gain scale factors in the converter.
CONV - Convert, Pin 2.
The CONV pin initiates a calibration cycle if it is taken from low to high while the CAL pin is
high, or it initiates a conversion if it is taken from low to high with the CAL pin low. If CONV
is held high (CAL low) the converter will do continuous conversions.
BP/UP - Bipolar/Unipolar, Pin 6.
The BP/UP pin selects the conversion mode of the converter. When high the converter will
convert bipolar input signals; when low it will convert unipolar input signals.
Measurement and Reference Inputs
AIN+, AIN- - Differential Analog Inputs, Pins 7, 8.
Analog differential inputs to the delta-sigma modulator.
VREF+, VREF- - Differential Voltage Reference Inputs, Pins 9, 10.
A differential voltage reference on these pins operates as the voltage reference for the
converter. The voltage between these pins can be any voltage between 1.0 and 3.6 volts.
Power Supply Connections
VA+ - Positive Analog Power, Pin 11.
Positive analog supply voltage. Nominally +5 volts.
VD+ - Positive Digital Power, Pin 13.
Positive digital supply voltage. Nominally +5 volts or +3.3 volts.
GND - Ground, Pin 12.
Ground.
CS5509
DS125F2
21
SPECIFICATION DEFINITIONS
Linearity Error
The deviation of a code from a straight line which connects the two endpoints of the A/D
Converter transfer function. One endpoint is located 1/2 LSB below the first code transition and
the other endpoint is located 1/2 LSB beyond the code transition to all ones. Units in percent of
full-scale.
Differential Nonlinearity
The deviation of a code's width from the ideal width. Units in LSBs.
Full Scale Error
The deviation of the last code transition from the ideal [{(VREF+) - (VREF-)} - LSB]. Units
are in LSBs.
Unipolar Offset
The deviation of the first code transition from the ideal ( LSB above the voltage on the AIN-
pin.) when in unipolar mode (BP/UP low). Units are in LSBs.
Bipolar Offset
The deviation of the mid-scale transition (011...111 to 100...000) from the ideal ( LSB below
the voltage on the AIN- pin.) when in bipolar mode (BP/UP high). Units are in LSBs
CS5509
22
DS125F2
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
16 p in
P lastic D IP
M IL L IM E T E R S
IN C H E S
D IM
M IN
M A X
M IN
M A X
D
B
A
L
C
6 .1 0
1 8 .9 3
0 .8 9
0 .3 8
0 .5 1
3 .9 4
3 .1 8
0 .2 0
0
7 .6 2
6 .6 0
1 9 .9 3
1 .6 5
0 .5 3
1 .0 2
5 .0 8
3 .8 1
0 .3 8
1 5
0 .2 4 0
0 .7 4 5
0 .0 3 5
0 .0 1 5
0 .0 2 0
0 .1 5 5
0 .1 2 5
0 .3 0 0
0 .0 0 8
0
0 .2 6 0
0 .7 8 5
0 .0 6 5
0 .0 2 1
0 .0 4 0
0 .2 0 0
0 .1 5 0
0 .0 1 5
1 5
8 .2 5
0 .3 2 5
E 1
1
1 6
8
9
D
B 1
e 1
B
A 1
L
A
S E A T IN G
P L A N E
C
e A
2 .4 1
2 .6 7
0 .0 9 5
0 .1 0 5
N O T E S :
1 . P O S IT IO N A L T O L E R A N C E O F L E A D S S H A L L B E W IT H IN
0.1 3 m m (0 .0 0 5 ") A T M A X IM U M M A T E R IA L C O N D IT IO N , IN
R E L A T IO N T O S E A T IN G P L A N E A N D E A C H O T H E R .
2 . D IM E N S IO N e A T O C E N T E R O F L E A D S W H E N F O R M E D P A R A L L E L .
3 . D IM E N S IO N E 1 D O E S N O T IN C L U D E M O L D F L A S H .
N O M
6 .3 5
1 9 .4 3
1 .2 7
0 .4 6
0 .2 5
2 .5 4
N O M
0 .2 5 0
0 .7 6 5
0 .0 5 0
0 .0 1 8
-
-
-
-
0 .0 1 0
-
0 .1 0 0
-
-
-
-
-
eA
e1
E 1
B 1
A 1
SOIC
MILLIMETERS
INCHES
MIN
MAX
MAX
MIN
0.095
0.105
2.41
2.67
0.008
0.015
0.203
0.381
0.398
0.420
10.11
10.67
0.020
0.013
0.51
0.33
0.016
0.035
0.41
0.89
8
0
0
8
MILLIMETERS
INCHES
MIN
MAX
MAX
MIN
pins
0.410
0.390
9.91
10.41
16
0.510
0.490
12.45
12.95
20
0.610
0.590
14.99
15.50
24
0.710
0.690
17.53
18.03
28
0.012
0.005
0.127
0.300
1.14
0.040
DIM
E
E
b
L
D
e
A
A
c
0.292
0.298
7.42
7.57
D
E
E1
e
A
A
b
1
A 2
c
L
1
1
1.40
0.055
A 2
see table above
NOM
2.54
0.280
10.41
0.46
-
-
NOM
10.16
12.70
15.24
17.78
-
7.49
1.27
2.29
2.54
2.41
NOM
0.100
0.011
0.410
0.018
-
-
NOM
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
-
0.295
0.050
0.100
0.090 0.095
CS5509
DS125F2
23
ENVIRONMENTAL, MANUFACTURING, & HANDLING INFORMATION
* MSL (Moisture Sensitivity Level) as specified by IPC/J
E
DEC J-STD-020.
REVISION HISTORY
Model
Peak Relfow Temp
MSL Rating*
Maximum Floor Life
CS5509-AP
260 C
1
No Limit
CS5509-AS
240 C
2
365 Days
CS5509-ASZ (lead free)
260 C
3
7 Days
Revision
Date
Changes
F1
Aug `97
First "final" release.
F2
Aug `05
Added lead-free device ordering info. Added legal notice. Added MSL data.
Contacting Cirrus Logic Support
For all product questions and inquiries contact a Cirrus Logic Sales Representative.
To find the one nearest to you go to
www.cirrus.com
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