GENERAL
FEATURES
Parameter
Description/Value Unit
Spectral Response
Wavelength of Maximum Response
Photocathode
Window Material
Dynode
Direct
Interelectrode
Capacitances
Base
Weight
Suitable Socket (Option)
Suitable Socket Assembly (Option)
nm
nm
--
mm
--
--
--
--
pF
pF
--
g
--
--
185 to 900
400
Multialkali
8
6
UV glass
Multialkali
Circular-cage
9
Approx. 4
Approx. 6
11-pin base
JEDEC No. B11-88
Approx. 45
E678-11A
E717-21
Material
Minimum Useful Size
Secondary Emitting Surface
Structure
Number of Stages
Anode to Last Dynode
Anode to All Other Electrodes
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE
R2949
(Low Dark Counts Type of R928)
Information furnished by HA MAM ATS U is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are
subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein.
1998 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may var y. Please consult with our sales office.
Modified R928, 8
6mm Photocathode Area Size
Low Dark Counts, Extended Red Multialkali, High Sensitivity
For Photon Counting Applications
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response
TPMSB0155EA
The R2949 is a 28mm (1-1/8 inch) diameter, 9-stage, side-on type pho-
tomultiplier tube having the same extended red multialkali photo-
cathode as the R928. The R2949 features very low dark counts,
extremely high quantum efficiency, high gain, good S/N ratio and wide
spectral response from UV to near infrared.
The R2949 is well suited for use in various low-level photometries such
as general single photon counting applications and fluorescence life
time measurement.
The R2949 is directly interchangeable with the R928.
Low Dark Counts ................................................. 300cps (at 25
C)
Low Dark Current ............................................. 2nA (after 30min.)
Wide Spectral Response ........................................ 185 to 900 nm
High Cathode Sensitivity
Luminous ...................................................................... 200
A/lm
Radiant at 400nm ........................................................... 68mA/W
High Anode Sensitivity (at 1000V)
Luminous ...................................................................... 2000A/lm
Radiant at 400nm .................................................... 6.8
10
5
A/W
Low Drift and Hysteresis
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
200
400
600
800
1000
WAVELENGTH (nm)
CA
THODE RADIANT
SENSITIVITY
(mA/W)
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY
(%)
CATHODE
RADIANT
SENSITIVITY
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values at 25
C)
Parameter
Value
Unit
Supply Voltage
Average Anode Current
A
Ambient Temperature
Vdc
Vdc
mA
C
1250
250
0.1
-80 to +50
Between Anode and Cathode
Between Anode and Last Dynode
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949
CHARACTERISTICS (at 25
C)
Table 1: Voltage Distribution Ratio
Parameter
Min.
Unit
Cathode
Sensitivity
Anode
Sensitivity
Gain
E
Anode Dark Counts
F
Anode Dark Current
F
ENI (Equivalent Noise Input)
G
Time
Response
E
Anode Current
Stability
K
%
A/lm
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
--
A/lm-b
A/lm
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
--
cps
cps
nA
W
ns
ns
%
%
--
140
--
--
--
--
--
0.1
--
1000
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Max.
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
500
--
25
--
--
--
--
--
Typ.
25.3
200
18
52
68
41
3.5
0.3
7.5
2000
1.8
10
5
5.2
10
5
6.8
10
5
4.1
10
5
3.5
10
4
1.0
10
7
300
3
2
1.2
10
-16
2.2
22
0.1
1.0
Quantum
Efficiency
Luminous
B
Radiant
Red/White Ratio
C
with R-68 Filter
Blue
D
Luminous
E
Radiant
Anode Pulse
Rise Time
H
Electron Transit Time
J
Current Hysteresis
Voltage Hysteresis
at 255nm
at 194nm
at 254nm
at 400nm
at 633nm
at 852nm
at 194nm
at 254nm
at 400nm
at 633nm
at 852nm
at +25
C
at -20
C
NOTES
A: Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum.
B: The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at
a distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is
100 volts between the cathode and all other electrodes
connected together as anode.
C: Red/white ratio is the quotient of the cathode current
measured using a red filter interposed between the light
source and the tube by the cathode current measured
with the filter removed under the same conditions as
Note B.
D: The value is cathode output current when a blue filter
(Corning CS 5-58 polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is
interposed between the light source and the tube under
the same conditions as Note B.
E: Measured with the same light source as Note B and with
the anode-to-cathode supply voltage and voltage
distribution ratio shown in Table 1.
F: Measured with the same supply voltage and the voltage
distribution ratio as Note E after 30 minute storage in
the darkness.
G: ENI is an indication of the photon limited signal-to-noise
ratio. It refers to the amount of light in watts to produce
a signal-to-noise ratio of unity in the output of a
photomultiplier tube.
where q = Electronic charge (1.60
10
-19
coulomb)
ldb = Anode dark current (after 30 minute storage)
in darkness) in amperes
G = Gain
f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is
used.
S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt
at the wavelength of peak response.
H: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from
10% to 90% of the peak amplitude when the entire pho-
tocathode is illuminated by a delta function light pulse.
J: The electron transit time is the interval between the
arrival of delta function light pulse at the entrance
window of the tube and the time when the anode output
reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement, the
whole photocathode is illuminated.
K. Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after
light and voltage are applied.
(1) Current Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 750 volts with an anode current of 1
microampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from
the tube for a minute. The tube is then re-illuminated at the
previous light level for a minute to measure the variation.
(2)Voltage Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 300 volts with an anode current of
0.1 microampere for 5 minutes. The light is then removed
from the tube and the supply voltage is quickly increased to
800 volts. After a minute, the supply voltage is reduced to
the previous value and the tube is re-illuminated for a
minute to measure the variation.
Supply Voltage= 1000Vdc
K: Cathode, Dy: Dynode, P: Anode
Electrodes
Distribution
Ratio
K
Dy1
1
Dy2
1
Dy3
1
Dy4
1
Dy5
1
Dy6
1
Dy7
1
Dy8
1
Dy9
1
1
P
ENI =
2qldbG
f
S
Hysteresis =
100 (%)
Imax. - Imin.
Ij
Imin.
Ii
Imax.
ANODE
CURRENT
0
5
6
7
(MINUTES)
TIME
Figure 2: Anode Sensitivity and Gain Characteristics
TPMSB0156EA
TPMSB0157EA
Figure 3: Typical Time Response
Figure 4: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Anode
Sensitivity
TPMSB0158EA
TPMSB0159EA
Figure 5: Typical Temperature Characteristic of Dark
Counts
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
8
10
7
10
6
10
5
10
4
10
3
10
2
200
300
500
700
1000
1500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
ANODE LUMINOUS SENSITIVITY
(A/lm)
GAIN
TYPICAL
ANODE
SENSITIVITY
TYPICAL
GAIN
AND
MINIMUM ANODE
SENSITIVITY
200
100
80
60
40
20
10
8
6
4
2
1
300
500
700
1000
1500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TIME (ns)
TRANSIT
TIME
RISE TIME
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-40
-20
0
+20
+40
TEMPERATURE (
C)
ANODE SENSITIVITY
(%)
800nm
600nm
400nm
10000
1000
100
10
0
-40
-20
0
+20
+40
TEMPERATURE (
C)
DARK COUNTS (cps)
Figure 6: Single Photon Pulse Height Distribution
Figure 7: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram
(Unit: mm)
TPMS1045E01
JUN. 1998
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electoron Tube Center
314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218
Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658
France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10
United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limted: Lough Point, 2 Gladbeck Way, Windmill Hill, Enfield, Middlesex EN2 7JA, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44)181-367-3560, Fax: (44)181-367-6384
North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Frgatan 7, S-164-40 Kista Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-703-29-50, Fax: (46)8-750-58-95
Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Via Della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)2-935 81 733, Fax: (39)2-935 81 741
TPMSB0160EA
TACCA0064EA
TACCA0002ED
TPMSA0016EA
Figure 8: Optional Accessories (Unit: mm)
E678-11A (Socket)
D Type Socket Assembly E717-21
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE R2949
33
5
49
3.5
38
29
4
18
POTTING
COMPOUND
R to R10
C1 to C3
: 330k
: 0.01F
3.5
33.0 0.3
49.0 0.3
29
38.0 0.3
4.8
L
450 10
5
31.0 0.5
HOUSING
(INSULATOR)
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
C3
C2
C1
SIGNAL GND
SIGNAL OUTPUT RG-174/U
(BLACK)
-HV
AWG22 (VIOLET)
P
K
10
POWER SUPPLY GND
AWG22 (BLACK)
SOCKET
PIN No.
PMT
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
11
Warning-Personal Safety Hazards
Electrical Shock -- Operating voltage
applied to this device presents shock hazard.
* Hamamatsu also provides C4900 series modular type high voltage power
supplies and C6270 series DP type socket assemblies which incorporate
a DC to DC converter type high voltage power supply.
1
2
4
3
5
7
6
8
9
10
K
DY1
DY2
DY3
DY4
DY5
DY6
DY7
DY8
DY9
P
DIRECTION OF LIGHT
11
29.0 1.7
8MIN.
PHOTOCATHODE
6MIN.
49 1
80MAX.
94MAX.
7MIN.
INSULATION COVER
32.2 0.5
11 PIN BASE
JEDEC No. B11-88
10
4
7.5
10
3
5.0
10
3
2.5
10
3
0
0
512
PULSE HEIGHT (Channel)
COUNTS PER CHANNEL
(cps)
DARK
SIGNAL + DARK
AMBIENT TEMP.
SUPPLY VOLTAGE*
WAVELENGTH OF
INCIDENT LIGHT
DARK COUNTS
: 25
C
: 730Vdc
: 800nm
: 300cps
DISCRIMINATION LEVEL
* The supply voltage is set at gain to be 1
10
6
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