Featuring Fast Gating Function with Improved Time Response
and Switching Ratio
GATEABLE MICROCHANNEL PLATE
PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE (MCP-PMTs)
R5916U-50 SERIES
FEATURES
High Speed Gating by Low Supply Voltage (+10V)
Gate Rise Time : 1 ns
1)
Gate Width : 5 ns
Fast Rise Time : 180 ps
Narrow TTS
2)
: 90 ps
High Switching Ratio : 10
8
at 500 nm
Low Switching Noise
Low Dark Noise
Variety of Photocathode Available
Environmental monitoring
Satellite laser ranging
Fluorescence decay analysis
Figure 1: Typical Anode Output Waveform
Figure 3: Typical Gate Bias Characteristics
These are the anode output ratios measured at the forward and reverse bias volt-
ages with respect to the photocathode.
Figure 2: Block Diagram of Anode Output Waveform
Measuring Apparatus
APPLICATIONS
TPMHB0245EB
TPMHC0094EB
TPMHB0244EA
Information furnished by HAMAMATSU is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. Specifications are
subject to change without notice. No patent rights are granted to any of the circuits described herein. 1998 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office.
TIME (0.2ns/div.)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (20mV/div.)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
RISE TIME
FALL TIME
PULSE WIDTH
: -3000V
: 180ps
: 700ps
: 350ps
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
INPUT GATE BIAS VOLTAGE (V)
10-
9
10-
8
10-
7
10-
6
10-
5
10-
4
10-
3
10-
2
10-
1
10
0
10
1
RELATIVE ANODE OUTPUT
500nm
400nm
300nm
254nm
Picosec
Light
Pulser
Digital
Oscillo-
scope
Pulse
Generator
Computer
Sampling
Head
R5916U
-50
HVPS
Laser
Pulse
Trigger in
Output
Hamamatsu
C3360
50
Load
HAMAMATSU
PLP-01 with SHG
WAVELENGTH: 410nm
FWHM 35ps
Trigger
out
Trigger in
<
=
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values)
Parameter
Value
Supply Voltage
-3400
100
-50 to +50
Vdc
nA
Average Anode Current
350
mA
C
Pulsed Peak Current
11)
Unit
Ambient Temperature
12)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTlCS (R5916U-50 ) at 25
C
4)
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Cathode Sensitivity
100
Radiant at 430nm
150
50
Time Response (at -3000V)
100
Gain (at -3000V)
Unit
GATEABLE MCP-PMT R5916U-50 SERIES
Luminous
5)
2
10
5
1
10
5
mA/W
Rise Time
6)
180
1.7
10
8
ps
Fall Time
7)
700
ps
I.R.F. (FWHM)
8)
95
9)
90
10)
ps
T.T.S. (FWHM)
ps
A/lm
Anode Dark Counts (at -3000V)
10
cps
Voltage Divider Current
A
1000
Switching Ratio (at 500nm)
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter
Description/Value
Unit
Capacitance between Mesh Electrode and Photocathode
pF
14.7
Photocathode Effective Area in Diameter
mm
10
MCP Channel Diameter
m
6
Dynode Structure
3)
2 - Stage Filmed MCP
PHOTOCATHODE SELECTION GUIDE
Suffix Number
Range
Peak Wavelength
Photocathode Material
Photocathode
Window Material
50
Synthetic Silica
Multialkali
430
160 to 850
51
Synthetic Silica
Extended Multi.
600
160 to 910
52
Synthetic Silica
Bialkali
400
160 to 650
53
Synthetic Silica
Cs-Te
230
160 to 320
57
MgF
2
Cs-Te
230
115 to 320
58
MgF
2
Multialkali
430
115 to 850
59
Borosilicate
Ag-O-Cs
800
400 to 1200
Spectral Response (nm)
GATING CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Width
Input Gate Pulse
PMT Response
+10
5
+50
10,000
1
Unit
Voltage
ns
Duty Cycle
%
Rise Time
1
ns
Fall Time
1
ns
V
INPUT GATE PULSE
PMT OPERATING MODE
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE DATA
Figure 4: Spectral Response Characteristics
Figure 5: Instrument Response Function (IRF)
R5916U-50 will be provided in a "normally off" mode configuration. It will be gated "on" only when the gate input pulse (+10 to 50V) is
applied and gated "off" when it is grounded or left in open.
However, we can also provide this device in a "normally on" mode configuration which can be operated under the same operating
conditions above to give inverse performance. Please specify if you require a "normally on" mode configuration when placing an order.
NOTES
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
This is defined at 10 to 90% of full pulse height.
Transit-time spread (TTS) is the fluctuation in transit time among individual pulses and specified as an FWHM (full width at half maximum) with the incident light having
a single photoelectron state.
Two microchannel plates (MCPs) are incorporated as a standard but we can provide it with either one or three MCPs as an option depending upon your request.
This is based on R5916U-50. All other types (suffix number 51, 52, 53, 57, 58 and 59) have different characteristics based on photocathode sensitivity and anode dark
counts.
The light source used to measure the luminous sensitivity is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. The incident light intensity is 10
4
lumen
and 200 volts is applied between photocathode and all other electrodes shorted as an anode.
This is the mean time difference between the 10 and 90% amplitude points on the output waveform under full photocathode illumination.
This is the mean time difference between the 90 and 10% amplitude points on the tailing edge of the output waveform under full photocathode illumination.
IRF stands for Instrument Response Function which is a convolution of the
-function (H(t)) of the measuring apparatus and the exciation function (E(t)) of a laser. The IRF
is given by the following formula: IRF = H(t)
E(t)
We specity the IRF as an FWHM of the time distribution taken by using the measuring apparatus in Figure 7 that is Hamamatsu standard IRF measuring set-up. It can
be estimated by the following equation: (IRF (FWHM))
2
= (TTS)
2
+ (Tw)
2
+ (Tj)
2
where Tw is the pulse width of the laser and Tj is the time jitter of all equipments used in the measurement. An IRF is provided with the tube.
TTS stands for Transit Time Spread (see 2). Assuming that the laser pulse width (Tw) and time jitter of all equipment (Tj) used in Figure 7 are negligible, IRF can be
estimated as equal to TTS(see 2). Therefore, the TTS can be estimated to be 90 ps or so.
This is specified under the operating conditions that the repetition rate of light input is 100 hertz of less and its pulse width is 70 picoseconds or less.
This is specified under both operation and storage.
TACCC0044EA
TPMHB0246EB
TPMHB0177EC
Tw
Tp
Ph
Ph
Tw
Tr
Tf
Duty Cycle: Tw/Tp 0.01
: +10 to +50V
: 5ns to 10
s
: 1ns (10 to 90%)
: 1ns (90 to 10%)
:
GATE ON
GATE OFF
OFF
ON
Tw
Tf
Tr
<
=
FWHM: 95ps
TIME (ns)
RELATIVE COUNT
-0.2
10-
4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
10-
3
10-
2
10-
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
100 200
400
600
800
300
500
700
900 1000 1100
10-
2
10-
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
WAVELENGTH (nm)
PHOTOCATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W)
QE = 25%
-58
-53, -57
-50, -58
QE = 10%
-51
-59
QE =
0.1%
QE = 1%
-57
-50, 53
Figure 6: Gain
Figure 7: Block Diagram of IRF (Instrument Response
Function) Measuring Apparatus
Figure 11: Block Diagram of Gate Pulse Response
Measuring Apparatus
Figure 9: Block Diagram of PHD Measuring Apparatus
Figure 8: Pulse Height Distribution (PHD)
Figure 10: Gate Pulse Response
GATEABLE MCP-PMT R5916U-50 SERIES
TPMHB0179EA
TPMHC0095EB
TPMHB0337EB
TPMHC0102EA
TPMHB0338EA
TPMHC0103EA
-2.0
-2.2
-2.4
-2.6
-2.8
-3.0
-3.2
-3.4
10
2
10
3
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (kV)
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
CURRENT GAIN
Picosec
Light
Pulser
Delay
T.A.C.
Start
Stop
ORTEC 457
C.F.D.
Amplifier
Gain: 36db
Computer
X-Y
Plotter
Multi-
Channel
Analyzer
ORTEC 425A
NAIG
E552
E562
E563
HAMAMATSU
C5594
GATE
PULSE
Pulse
Generator
Trigger Output
R5916U
-50
HAMAMATSU
C3360
HVPS
ND Filter
TENNELEC
TC454
HAMAMATSU
PLP-01 with SHG
WAVELENGTH: 410nm
FWHM 35ps
Trigger in
Trigger Output
<
=
200
400
600
800
1000
0
2
4
6
8
10
PULSE HEIGHT (CHANNEL NUMBER)
COUNTS (1
10)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
WAVELENGTH
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
DARK COUNTS
PMT
PEAK
DISCRI. LEVEL
: -3000V
: 410nm
: 25
C
: 10cps. (typ.)
: R5916U-50
: 200ch.
: 50ch.
SIGNAL + DARK COUNTS
DARK COUNTS
Picosec
Light
Pulser
Linear
Amplifier
Preamplifier
Multi-
Channel
Analyzer
Pulse
Generator
R5916U
-50
Hamamatsu
C3360
HVPS
ND Filter
HAMAMATSU
PLP-01 with SHG
WAVELENGTH: 410nm
DC Operation
Computer
Plotter
Gate Pulse
Repetition Rate
Pulse Width
: +10V
: 10kHz
: 100ns
GRAPHTEC
GD9411F
NEC PC9801
NAIG E552
E562
E563
NAIG E511A
CANBERRA
MODEL #2205
5ns/div.
3V/div.
2mV/div.
ANODE OUTPUT
INPUT GATE
PULSE
Supply Voltage
Wavelength
Ambient Temperature
Gate Pulse Height
Gate Pulse Width
Repetition Rate
: -3000V
: 410nm
: 25
C
: 10V
: 25ns
: 1kHz
Picosec
Light
Pulser
Digital
Oscillo-
scope
Pulse
Generator
Computer
Sampling
Head
R5916U
-50
HVPS
Laser
Pulse
Trigger in
Output
HAMAMATSU
C3360
50
Load
HAMAMATSU
PLP-01 with SHG
WAVELENGTH: 410nm
DC OPERATION
Trigger
out
Trigger in
Figure 12: Dimensional Outline (Umit: mm)
Figure 13: Voltage Divider and Gate Circuit
FUNDAMENTAL OPERATING PROCEDURE
1)
2)
3)
A general set-up for R5916U-50 is shown at right.
This is to perform a photon counting with gating function and
to detect weak light generated from the samples by the laser
excitation.
The pulse generator used in this set-up produce an output
having +10V in height and adjustable width which you re-
quire. It also produces a trigger signal synchronyzing an out-
put pulse to the laser output. The R5916U-50 is in gate off
mode in the beginning to prevent unwanted signals caused
by the laser light or some scattered light which may strike the
photocathode directly.
The pulse generator required for gating function is very
simple. The required specifications for the pulse generator is
as follows:
a. Output voltage is +10V to +15V.
b. Pulse width is just what you require (between 5 ns and 10
s).
TPMHA0348ED
TPMHC0090EC
TPMHC0096EA
PHOTOCATHODE
SHV-R CONNECTOR
-HV INPUT
SMA-R CONNECTOR
ANODE OUTPUT
SMA-R CONNECTOR
GATE PULSE INPUT
4.6
0.1
7.9
7
55.0
0.3
10MIN.
WINDOW
FACE PLATE
EFFECTIVE
PHOTOCATHODE
DIAMETER
10MIN.
3.0
0.2
53.8
0.3
71.5
0.3
19
17.5
6M
24M
12M
33k
100k
330pF
1000pF
1000pF
450pF
330pF
330pF
10k
GND
GND
MCP
ANODE
ANODE OUTPUT
SMA-R
CATHODE
50
-HV
SHV-R
GATE SIGNAL
INPUT SMA-R
GATE
330pF
Laser
Emissions
HVPS
C3360
Pulse
Generator
R5916U-50
Counter
Discri-
minator
AMP
C5594
Sample
Output for gating
Trigger
Output
GATEABLE MCP-PMT R5916U-50 SERIES
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Laser Radar (LIDAR) system
a)
Laser Satellite Ranging system
b)
SATELLITE LASER RANGING (SLR)
References
a) Japan Marine Science and Technology Center: R&D of Laser Ranging Technology (Published in Japan)
b) HITACHI: Laser Satellite Ranging System
TACCC0045EA
TACCC0046EA
This is an example of laser radar (LIDAR) application
where our gateable MCP-PMT has been used. The sketch
at right shows a LIDAR system which includes a picosec-
ond laser, electronics (gate driver), optics, computer and
sensor (gateable MCP-PMT). This system is to investigate
the distribution of planktons in the ocean for pollution mon-
itoring.
The laser light irradiates sea water and generates some
scattered light due to contaminated water and fluores-
cence due to chlorophyll in planktons. By detecting these
emissions, a distribution of quantative and qualitative infor-
mations on these objects can be obtained. However, there
are enormous back ground emissions due to reflections of
the laser light off of the water's surface as well as from
particles in an air or some unknown materials in the
ocean. Sun light is also a source of back ground if the
experiment has to be performed in day time.
In this application, fast gating function is very effective to
minimize the back ground noise. The tube is gated on only
during the time when essence emissions arrive at the
detector.
The switching ratio characteristics are also very important
to help minimize the noise. The R5916U-50 series tubes
are superior on both characteristics.
This is also an example of a LIDAR application where the
gateable MCP-PMT has been used to measure the dis-
tance between the observatory and a satellite.
The operating principle is that a satellite is irradiated by
the fast laser pulse and then a reflected light is directed to
the detector through the optics placed on the ground. The
time interval of the signals from the source to the detector
in the system is the time of flight (TOF) from the observa-
tory to the satellite and can be converted into a distance
between them.
This entire system consists of fast laser, optics, electron-
ics, gate driver and detectors. The data taken by experi-
ments with this system are also utilized for geodesy or
plate motion analysis on a world-wide level.
Because of the improved timing characteristics with
R5916U-50 series, more precise measurements can be
expected.
Controller
Optics
Laser
Gate
Driver
Computer
Detector
Detector
Reflection
Light
Sea Water
Scattered Light
generated by
contaminated
sea water
Fluorescence
generated from chlorophyll
of planktons
Controller
Laser
Computer
Detector
Gate
Driver
Optics
Satellite
Detector
PRECAUTIONS FOR PROPER OPERATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
WARRANTY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The photomultiplier tube (PMT) in this data sheet is a glass product under high vacuum. Excessive pressure or shocks to the tube
from the surroundings could cause a permanent damage. Please pay special attention on insuring proper handling.
Do not expose the photocathode to direct sunlight and any light stronger than the room light even during of no operation.
Do not supply any voltage higher than specified. Also make sure the output current does not exceed the maximum current specified.
This device is very sensitive even with weak light input. When applying high voltage to the tube, gradually (ideally 100 V step) and
carefully increase the voltage while monitoring the output using a current meter or oscilloscope (if the PMT has multianodes,
please make all the anode summed when monitoring). Also make sure before use that the polarity of the applied voltage is correct.
Never touch the input window with your bare hands. In case the window contaminated by dust or grease, wipe it off using alcohol
and a soft cloth or dust free tissue.
Do not remove any input or output cables when high voltage is applied.
Do not place any objects of ground potential closer than 5mm to the photocathode window when negative high voltage is applied to
the photocathode. It could generate extra noise and damage the photocathode permanently.
Do not operate or store in a place of unspecified temperature and humidity.
If the tube won't be used with a cooler, it is recommended to leave the tube in darkness (your instrument without any input light) for
30minutes or so before start any measurements because it occasionally takes a little while until its dark noise settles down.
The detectors indicated in this data sheet are warranted to the original purchaser for a period of 12 months following the date of ship-
ment. The warranty is limited to repair or replacement of any defective material due to defects in workmanship or materials used in
manufacture.
Any claim for damage of shipment must be made directly to the delivering carrier within five days.
Customer must inspect and test all detectors within 30 days after shipment. Failure to accomplish said incoming inspection shall
limit all claims to 75% of invoice value.
NO credit will be issued for broken detector unless in the opinion of Hamamatsu the damage is due to a manufacturing defect.
NO credit will be issued for any detector which in the judgement of Hamamatsu has been damaged, abused, modified or whose
serial number or type number have been obliterated or defaced.
NO detector will be accepted for return unless permission has been obtained from Hamamatsu in writing, the shipment has been
returned repaired and insured, the detector is packed in their original box and accompanied by the original data sheet furnished to
the customer with the tube, and a full written explanation of the reason for rejection of detector.
GATEABLE MCP-PMT R5916U-50 SERIES
TPMH1102E05
NOV. 1998 IP
Printed in Japan (1,000)
ACCESSORIES
HIGH SPEED AMPLIFIER
C5594 Series
Specifications
Frequency Response Range ...........
Gain ....................................................
Input/Output Impedance ..................................
Noise Figure (NF) ..................................
Recommend Input Voltage ....................
Supply Current ....................................
50k to 1.5GHz
36dB (Typ.)
50
5dB (Typ.)
+12 to 16V
95mA (Typ.)
Output Voltage ................................
Maximum Output Current ................................
0 to -5000Vdc
1mA
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage ..............................................
Input Power ...............................................
+17V
+10mW
Output Stabilities
Input Regulation.............
(For
10% change in input voltage)
Load Regulation .............
(For 0 to 100% change in load)
Ripple ........................................
Drift ...........................................
(After 1h warm-up)
(0.001%+0.05V)Max.
(0.001%+0.05V)Max.
20mV p-p Max.
0.02%/h Max.
HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY
C3360
Suffix numbers and input/output connectors
Input Connectors
SMA Plug (male)
C5594-12
C5594-14
BNC Plug (male)
C5594-32
C5594-34
BNC Jack (female)
C5594-42
C5594-44
SMA Jack (female)
C5594-22
C5594-24
Output Connectors
SMA Jack
BNC Jack
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electron Tube Center
314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, P. O. Box 6910, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218
Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658
France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10
United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limited: Lough Point, 2 Gladbeck Way, Windmill Hill, Enfield, Middlesex EN2 7JA, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44)181-367-3560, Fax: (44)181-367-6384
North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Frgatan 7, S-164-40 Kista Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-703-29-50, Fax: (46)8-750-58-95
Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Strada della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)02-935 81 733, Fax: (39)02-935 81 741
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