ILC6360
Step-Up/Step Down DC-DC Converter for
1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
Impala Linear Corporation
1
(408) 574-3939
www.impalalinear.com
Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
The ILC6360 step-up/step-down DC-DC converter is a
switch mode converter, capable of supplying up to 500mA
output current, at a fixed or user selectable output voltage.
The range of input, and output voltage options makes the
ILC6360 ideal for Lithium-ion (Li-ion) , or any other battery
application, where the input voltage range spans above and
below the regulated output voltage. When ILC6360's input
voltage exceeds the output voltage by more than 800mV,
the output will begin to track the input linearly.
Configured as a 300kHz, fixed frequency PWM boost con-
verter, the ILC6360 performs the buck operation by seam-
lessly switching to PFM, when the output voltage rises near
the positive range of regulation. However, since the transition
point between PWM and PFM mode is dependent upon both
line, and load regulation, under certain conditions, regulation
will remain in PWM mode even in the buck mode of operation.
The ILC6360 is unconditionally stable with no external com-
pensation; the sizes of the input and output capacitors influ-
ence the ripple on the input, and output voltages. Since the
ILC6360 has an internal synchronous rectifier, the standard
fixed voltage version requires minimal external components:
an inductor, an input capacitor, and an output capacitor. An
additional 10F ceramic output capacitor will help reduce
output ripple voltage.
Other features include an external sync input for synchro-
nizing the PWM frequency, low battery input detector with
100ms transient rejection delay built-in, and, a power good
indicator useful as a system power on reset.
ILC6360CIR-36: Fixed 3.6V output; custom
voltages possible
ILC6360CIR-ADJ: Adjustable output to 6V maximum
Capable of 500mA output current
Peak efficiency: > 90% at V
OUT
= .6V,I
OUT
= 300mA,
V
IN =
3.6V
No external diode is required (synchronous rectification)
Battery input current of 250mA at no load
True load disconnect from battery input in shutdown (1mA)
OSC freq: 300kHz 15%
External freq synchronization from 150kHz to 500kHz
Low battery detector with 100ms transient rejection delay
Power good output flag when V
OUT
is in regulation
MSOP-8 package
Cellular phones
Palmtops, PDAs and portable electronics
Equipment using single Lithium-Ion batteries
Optimized to Maximize Battery Life
90
80
70
Time
4.2
3.6
3.0
Battery Voltage (V)
ILC6360 Efficiency (%)
15
H
Ext Sync
(Connect to GND if unused)
L
C
OUT
ILC6360CIR-ADJ
L
X
V
IN
LBI/SD
SYNC
GND
LBO
V
FB
V
OUT
V
OUT
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
+
V
IN
+
100
F
C
IN
+
10F 100F
3.6V/500mA
Low Battery
Detector Output
Power Good Output
2.7V to 4.2V
R5
R6
MSOP-8
ON
OFF
ILC6360 Efficiency @ I
OUT
= 300mA
Typical Li-ion Battery Discharge Curve
Typical Step-up/Step-down Application Circuit
(Note: R5 and R6 are required only if LBI feature is used)
Typical Performance Characteristics for 1-cell Li-ion
General Description
Features
Applications
Patent Pending
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
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ILC6360 1.1
Pin Number
Pin Name
Pin Description
1
L
x
Inductor input. Inductor L connected between this pin and the battery
2
V
IN
Connect directly to battery
3
LBI/SD
Low battery detect input and shutdown. Low battery detect threshold is set with this pin
using a potential divider. If this pin is pulled to logic low then the device will shutdown.
4
SYNC
A logic level signal referenced to V
IN
, at a frequency between 150kHz and 500kHz on
this pin will over-ride the internal 300kHz oscillator. If the SYNC function is unused, pin
4 should be connected to ground
5
POK
(ILC6382CIR-XX)
This open drain output pin will go high when output voltage is within regulation,
0.92*V
OUT
(NOM)
< V
OUT
< 0.98*V
OUT
(NOM)
V
FB
(ILC6382CIR-ADJ)
This pin sets the adjustable output voltage via an external resistor divider network. The
formula for choosing the resistors is shown in the "Applications Information" section.
6
LBO
This open drain output will go low if the battery voltage is below the low battery
threshold set at pin 3
7
GND
Connect this pin to the battery and system ground
8
V
OUT
This is the regulated output voltage
L
X
V
IN
LBI/SD
SYNC
GND
LBO
V
FB
V
OUT
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
MSOP-8
(TOP VIEW)
L
X
V
IN
LBI/SD
SYNC
GND
LBO
POK
V
OUT
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
MSOP-8
(TOP VIEW)
ILC6360CIR-36
ILC6360CIR-ADJ
ILC6360CIR-36
ILC6360CIR-ADJ
3.6V output, MSOP-8 package
Adjustable output, MSOP-8 package
Pin Functions ILC6360CIR-36
PIN-PACKAGE CONFIGURATIONS
Ordering Information (T
A
= -40C to +85C)
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
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ILC6360 1.1
Parameter
Symbol
Ratings
Units
Voltage on V
OUT
pin
V
OUT
-0.3 to 7
V
Voltage on LBI, Sync, LBO, POK, LBI/SD, V
FB
, L
X
and V
IN
pins
-
-0.3 to 7
V
Peak switch current on L
X
pin
I
L
X
1
A
Current on LBO pin
I
sink(LBO)
5
mA
Continuous total power dissipation at 85C
P
d
400
mW
Short circuit duration
I
SC
1
sec
Operating ambient temperature
T
A
-40 to 85
C
Maximum junction temperature
T
J (max)
170
C
Storage temperature
T
stg
-40 to 125
C
Lead temperature (soldering 10 sec)
300
C
Package thermal resistance
JA
206
C/W
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Input Voltage
V
IN
V
OUT
= V
OUT(nominal)
4%
(Note 3)
2.7
V
OUT (nom)
+0.8
V
Output Voltage
V
OUT
2.8V < V
IN
< 4.2V, I
OUT
= 0mA
3.528
3.600
3.672
V
Feedback Voltage
(ILC6360-ADJ only)
V
FB
1.225
1.212
1.250
1.275
1.288
V
Output Voltage
Adjustment Range
ILC6360CIR-ADJ only
V
OUT (adj) min
V
OUT (adj) max
V
IN
= 3.3V, I
OUT
= 50mA
2.5
6
V
Output Current
I
OUT
V
IN
= 3.6V, V
OUT
= V
OUT(nom)
4%
(Note 3)
500
mA
Load Regulation
V
OUT
V
OUT (no
)
0mA < I
OUT
< 500mA
0mA < I
OUT
< 300mA
0mA < I
OUT
< 200mA
4
1
1
%
Efficiency
I
OUT
= 300mA
93
%
No Load Battery Input
Current
I
IN (no load)
I
OUT
= 0mA
250
A
Unless otherwise specified all limits are at T
A
= 25C, V
IN
= 3.6V, V
OUT
= 3.6V, V
LBI
= 1.5V, I
OUT
= 1mA, F
OSC
= 300kHz.
Test circuit of figure 2 for ILC6360-36 and test circuit of figure 9 for ILC6360-ADJ. BOLDFACE type indicates limits that
apply over the full operating temperature range. Note 2.
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Electrical Characteristics ILC6360CIR-36 and ILC6360CIR-ADJ
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
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Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Battery input current in shutdown
I
IN(SD)
V
LBI/SD
< 0.4V, V
OUT
= 0V
(short circuit)
True load disconnect
1
2
A
Switch on resistance
R
ds(on)
N-Channel MOSFET
P-Channel MOSFET
400
750
m
Oscillator frequency
f
osc
255
300
345
kHz
External clock frequency range (sync)
f
sync
150
500
kHz
External clock pulse width
t
W(sync)
Note 4
200
ns
External clock rise/fall time
t
r
/ t
f
Note 4
100
ns
LBI input threshold
V
REF
1.175
1.150
1.250
1.325
1.350
V
Input leakage current
I
LEAK
Pins LBI/SD, Sync and V
FB
, Note 4
200
nA
LBI hold time
t
hold(LBI)
Note 5
120
100
ms
LBO output voltage low
V
LBO (low)
I
SINK
= 20mA, open drain output
0.4
V
LBO output leakage current
I
LBO (hi)
V
LBO
= 5V
1
2
A
Shutdown input voltage low
V
SD (low)
0.4
V
Shutdown input voltage high
V
SD (hi)
V
LBO
= 5V
1
6
V
Sync input voltage low
V
SYNC (low)
0.4
V
Sync input voltage high
V
SD (hi)
1
6
V
POK output voltage low
V
POK (low)
I
SINK
= 2mA, open drain output
0.4
V
POK output voltage high
V
POK (hi)
6
V
POK output leakage current
I
L (POK)
Force 6V at pin 5
1
2
A
POK threshold
V
TH (POK)
0.92xV
OUT
0.95xV
OUT
0.98xV
OUT
V
POK hysteresis
V
HYST
50
mV
Unless otherwise specified all limits are at TA = 25C, V
IN
= 3.6V, V
OUT
= 3.6V, V
LBI
= 1.5V, I
OUT
= 1mA, FOSC = 300kHz. Test circuit
of figure 2 for ILC6360-36 and test circuit of figure 9 for ILC6360-ADJ. BOLDFACE type indicates limits that apply over the full oper-
ating temperature range. Note 2.
Note 1. Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits which, when exceeded, may result in damage to the component. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the
device outside its rated operating conditions.
Note 2. Specified min/max limits are production tested or guaranteed through correlation based on statistical control methods. Measurements are taken at constant junction
temperature as close to ambient as possible using low duty pulse testing.
Note 3. V
OUT(nom)
is the nominal output voltage at I
OUT
= 0mA.
Note 4. Guaranteed by design.
Note 5. In order to get a valid low-battery-output (LBO) signal, the input voltage must be lower than the low-battery-input (LBI) threshold for a duration greater than the low
battery hold time (t
hold(LBI)
). This feature eliminates false triggering due to voltage transients at the battery terminal.
Electrical Characteristics ILC6360CIR-36 and ILC6360CIR-ADJ (Continued)
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
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Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
The ILC6360 performs both buck and boost DC-DC con-
version by controlling the switch element as shown in the
simplified circuit in figure 1 below.
When the switch is closed, current is built up through the
inductor. When the switch opens, this current is forced
through the diode to the output capacitor and load. As this
on and off switching continues, the output capacitor voltage
builds up due to the charge it is storing from the inductor
current. The output voltage is therefore boosted relative to
the input.
In general, the switching characteristic is determined by the
output voltage desired and the current required by the load.
Specifically the energy transfer is determined by the power
stored in the coil during each switching cycle.
P
L
= (t
ON
, V
IN
)
Synchronous Rectification
The ILC6360 also uses a technique called "synchronous
rectification" which removes the need for the external diode
used in other circuits. The diode is replaced with a second
switch (SW2) or in the case of the ILC6360, a FET as
shown in figure 2 below.
The two switches now open and close in opposition to each
other, directing the flow of current to either charge the
inductor or to feed the load. The ILC6360 monitors the volt-
age on the output capacitor to determine how much and
how often to drive the switches.
Modes of Operation
There are four modes of operation for the ILC6360
buck/boost DC-DC converter. These four modes are inter-
nally selected by the regulator depending on external con-
ditions such as line voltage, output voltage, load current,
inductor size, output capacitor size and resistive losses.
The first mode is the discontinuous mode. If the load is light
and the inductor value is small enough, the inductor will
transfer all of its energy to the output capacitor before a
cycle is completed. The input current waveform instead of
being continuous with a triangle ripple, will be a series of
discrete triangle shaped pulses as the inductor charges
from the input and discharges into the capacitor. The ripple
on the output capacitor becomes larger than expected com-
pared to continuous mode calculation because of the cur-
rent spikes from the input.
Boost (Step-up) Operation
The second mode is the conventional boost (step-up) mode
of operation. The input current is a smooth waveform with a
triangular ripple current. The output waveform exhibits rip-
ple caused by the charging and discharging of the output
capacitor and the current flowing through the capacitor's
equivalent series resistance (ESR).
The third mode is the PFM mode. If the output voltage
exceeds an upper limit, for whatever reason, the regulator
enters the PFM mode. The regulator shuts down for one or
more cycles until the output voltage drops below a pre-set
threshold and one cycle is initiated. The inductor current falls
to zero during the off time. The basic cycle is the 3.3mS
PWM cycle but one or more cycles are dropped from the
pulse train (also called pulse skipping). This may be in
response to a light load condition or from a fast transient
load condition where the output capacitor charges too high
during load turn-off. In light load conditions, PFM mode
offers high efficiency due to significantly lower quiescent cur-
rent for the regulator. The output voltage will be a few tens
of millivolts higher in the PFM mode than in the PWM mode.
The fourth mode of operation is the buck (step-down) mode
and is described below.
Buck (Step-down) Operation
The "buck" mode is not a true switching regulator mode but
allows the regulator to operate when the input voltage
exceeds the output voltage. Once the input voltage exceeds
the output voltage, the regulator is not capable of limiting
the current in a non-dissipative fashion.
Fig. 1: Basic Circuit
V
OUT
POK
LBO
LB/SD
SYNC
GND
L
X
V
IN
ILC6360
PWM/PFM
CONTROLLER
SHUTDOWN
CONTROL
V
REF
DELAY
+
+
-
-
SW2
SW1
Fig. 2: Simplified ILC6360 block diagram
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
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Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
At the start of one of the buck mode cycles, current starts to
flow in the inductor. If the input voltage is greater than the
output voltage, a normal PWM cycle will not stop the current
build up in the inductor. Current continues to build up in the
inductor and flows into the capacitor causing the capacitor
voltage to build up as t
2
. At some point the PFM limit will be
exceeded and the regulator will stop the normal PWM cycle
and turn off. The energy stored in the inductor, 1/2*LI
2
, will
be dissipated in the pass transistor. The current in the
inductor will drop to zero and the "buck" cycle will start all
over again.
This mode of operation has similar efficiency as a linear
regulator. The power dissipation and efficiency of the regu-
lator is similar to a low dropout linear regulator :
Power dissipiation, P
d
= I
OUT
(V
IN
- V
OUT
)
Efficiency,
= V
OUT
/V
IN
The advantage of this circuit is that there is no mode
switching required by the user, it is automatic in the opera-
tion of the circuit. For example, in the limit where V
IN
and
V
OUT
are approximately equal, a mixture of PFM and PWM
cycles will occur to maintain the output voltage in regula-
tion. For the ILC6360 the buck mode of operation is
limited to an input voltage 800mV higher than the out-
put voltage or less.
The output ripple will increase because of the larger cur-
rent ripple associated with this mode of operation. The
peak inductor current, I
peak
, is about double the average
output current. A large output capacitor with low ESR will
decrease the output ripple voltage. A smaller inductor will
reduce the time needed to charge up the inductor to maxi-
mum current. As a result, the output voltage ripple will
decrease. A first order approximate equation for output rip-
ple is as shown below :
V
ripple
= ( K*L*I
OUT
2 ) / C
OUT
where, L is the inductor value, C
OUT
is the output capacitor
value, I
OUT
is the regulator output current and K = 2.2.
PWM Mode Operation
The ILC6360 uses a PWM or Pulse Width Modulation tech-
nique. The switches are constantly driven at typically
300kHz. The control circuitry varies the power being deliv-
ered to the load by varying the on-time, or duty cycle, of the
switch SW1 (see fig. 2). Since more on-time translates to
higher current build-up in the inductor, the maximum duty
cycle of the switch determines the maximum load current
that the device can support.
There are two key advantages of the PWM type controllers.
First, because the controller automatically varies the duty
cycle of the switch's on-time in response to changing load
conditions, the PWM controller will always have an opti-
mized waveform for a steady-state load. This translates to
very good efficiency at high currents and minimal ripple on
the output. Ripple is caused by the constant charging and
discharging of the output capacitor.
The other key advantage of the PWM type controllers is that
the radiated noise due to the switching transients will
always occur at the (fixed) switching frequency harmonics.
Many applications do not care much about switching noise,
but certain types of applications, especially communication
equipment, need to minimize the high frequency interfer-
ence within their system as much as possible. Using a
boost converter will cause higher frequency noise to be
generated; using a PWM converter makes that noise high-
ly predictable; thus easier to filter out.
There are downsides of PWM approaches, especially at
very low currents. Because the PWM technique relies on
constant switching and varying duty cycle to match the load
conditions, there is some point where the load current gets
too small to be handled efficiently. An actual switch con-
sumes some finite amount of current to switch on and off; at
very low currents this can be of the same magnitude as the
load current itself, driving switching efficiencies down to
50% and below.
PFM Mode Operation
The ILC6360 overcomes this limitation by automatically
switching over to a PFM, or Pulse Frequency Modulation,
technique at low currents. This technique conserves power
loss by only switching the output if the current drain
requires it. As shown in figure 3, the waveform actually
skips pulses depending on the power needed by the out-
put. This technique is also called "pulse skipping" because
of this characteristic.
V
SET
V
OUT
Switch Waveform
Fig 3: PFM Waveform
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
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ILC6360 1.1
In the ILC6360, the switchover from PWM to PFM mode
occurs when the PWM waveform drops to a low duty cycle.
The low PWM duty cycle indicates to the controller that the
load current is small and so it switches over to the PFM
mode to improve efficiency and conserve power.
The Dual PWM/PFM mode architecture was designed
specifically for applications such as wireless communica-
tions, which need the spectral predictability of a PWM-type
DC-DC converter, yet also need the highest efficiencies
possible, especially in standby mode.
Other Considerations
The other limitation of the PWM techniques is that, while the
fundamental switching frequency is easier to filter out since
it's constant, the higher order harmonics of PWM will be
present and may have to be filtered out as well. Any filter-
ing requirements, though, will vary by application and by
actual system design and layout, so generalizations in this
area are difficult, at best.
However, PWM control for boost DC-DC conversion is
widely used, especially in audio-noise sensitive applica-
tions or applications requiring strict filtering of the high
frequency components.
External Frequency Synchronization
External frequency synchronization is allowed on the
ILC6360. When an external signal between 150kHz to
500kHz is connected to pin 4, the internal oscillator will be
over-ridden. This technique is useful when designers wish
to synchronize two or more converters using the same
external source in order to avoid unexpected harmonics.
Connect pin 4 to ground or V
IN
if the external frequen-
cy synchronization function is not used.
Low Battery Detector
The ILC6360's low battery detector is a based on a CMOS
comparator. The negative input of the comparator is tied to
an internal 1.25V (nominal) reference, V
REF
. The positive
input is the LBI/SD pin. It uses a simple potential divider
arrangement with two resistors to set the LBI threshold as
shown in figure 4. The input bias current of the LBI pin is
only 200nA. This means that the resistor values R1 and R2
can be set quite high. The formula for setting the LBI
threshold is:
V
LBI
= V
REF
x (1+R5/R6)
Since the LBI input current is negligible (<200nA), this
equation is derived by applying a voltage divider formula
across R6. A typical value for R6 is 100k
.
R5 = 100k
x [(V
LBI
/V
REF
) -1], where V
REF
=1.25V (nom.)
The LBI detector has a built in delay of 120ms. In order to
obtain a valid low-battery-output (LBO) signal, the input
voltage must be lower than the low-battery-input (LBI)
threshold for a duration greater than the low battery hold
time (t
hold(LBI)
) of 120msec. This feature eliminates false
triggering due to voltage transients at the battery terminal
caused by high frequency switching currents.
The output of the low battery detector is an open drain
capable of sinking 2mA. A 10k
pull-up resistor is recom-
mended on this output. Note that when the device is not
in PWM mode or is in shutdown the low battery detec-
tor does not operate.
Shut Down
The LBI pin is shared with the shutdown pin. A low voltage
(<0.4V) will put the ILC6360 into a power down state. The
simplest way to implement this is with an FET across R6 as
shown in figure 5.
When the ILC6360 is shut down, the synchronous rectifier
disconnects the output from the input. This ensures that
there is only leakage (I
SD
< 1A typical) from the input to the
output so that the battery is not drained when the ILC6360
is shut down.
R6
R5
LBI/SD
3
2 V
IN
ILC6360
Shutdown
DELAY
100ms
1.25V
Internal
Reference
GND
7
LBO
6
+
-
R3
V
CC
Fig 4: Low Battery Detector
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
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ILC6360 1.1
Power Good Output (POK)
The power good output of the ILC6360 indicates when V
OUT
is within the regulation tolerance of the set output voltage.
POK output is an open drain device capable of sinking
2mA. It will remain pulled low until the output voltage has
risen to typically 95% of the specified V
OUT
.
Adjustable Output Voltage Selection
The ILC6360-ADJ allows the output voltage to be set using
a potential divider. The formula for setting the adjustable
output voltage is:
V
OUT
= V
FB
x (1+R1/R2)
Where V
FB
is the feedback voltage which is 1.25V nominal.
Inductors
The ILC6360 is designed to work with a 15H inductor in
most applications. There are several vendors who supply
standard surface mount inductors for this value. Suggested
inductor manufacturers are shown in table 1. Higher values
of inductance will improve efficiency, but will reduce peak
inductor current and consequently ripple and noise, but will
also limit output current.
Input Capacitor
The input capacitor is necessary to minimize the peak cur-
rent drawn from the battery. Typically a 100F tantalum
capacitor is recommended. Low equivalent series resistance
(ESR) capacitors will help to minimize battery voltage ripple.
Output Capacitor
Low ESR capacitors should be used at the output of the
ILC6360 to minimize output ripple. The high switching
speeds and fast changes in the output capacitor current,
mean that the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor
can contribute greatly to the output ripple. In order to mini-
mize these effects choose an output capacitor with less
than 10nH of equivalent series inductance (ESL) and less
than 100m
of equivalent series resistance (ESR).
Typically these characteristics are met with ceramic capac-
itors, but may also be met with certain types of tantalum
capacitors. Suitable capacitor manufacturers are shown in
table 2. A parallel combination of 10F and 100F is rec-
ommended at the output
ON/OFF
R5
R6
LBI/SD
3
ILC6360
2 V
IN
7 GND
Fig 5: Shut Down Control
15
H
Ext Sync
(Connect to GND if unused)
L
C
OUT
ILC6360CIR-ADJ
L
X
V
IN
LBI/SD
SYNC
GND
LBO
V
FB
V
OUT
V
OUT
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
+
ON
OFF
V
IN
+
10
F
C
IN
+
R1
R2
10F 100F
Adjustable Voltage Configuration
Vendor
Part No.
Contact
Coilcraft
DO330P-153
D03316P-153
D01608C-153
(847) 639-6400
www.coilcraft.com
muRata
LQH4N150K
LQH3C150K
(814) 237-1431
www.murata.com
Sumida
CDR74B-150MC
CD43-150
CD54-150
(847) 956-0666
www.japanlink.com/sumida
TDK
NLC453232T-150K (847) 390-4373
www.tdk.co.jp
Description
Vendor
Contact
T495 series tantalum
Kemet
(864) 963-6300
595D series tantalum
Sprague (603) 224-1961
TAJ, TPS series tantalum
AVX
(803) 946-0690
TDK
(847) 390-4373
AVX
(803) 946-0690
X7R Ceramic
Taiyo
Yuden
(408) 573-4150
Table 1
Table 2
EXTERNAL COMPONENT SELECTION
Capacitors
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
9
(408) 574-3939
www.impalalinear.com
Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
Layout And Grounding Considerations
High frequency switching and large peak currents means
PCB design for DC-DC converters requires careful consid-
eration. A general rule is to place the DC-DC converter cir-
cuitry well away from any sensitive RF or analog compo-
nents. The layout of the DC-DC converters and its external
components are also based on some simple rules to mini-
mize EMI and output voltage ripple.
Layout
1. Place all power components, ILC6360, inductor, input
capacitor and output capacitor as close together as possible.
2. Keep the output capacitor as close to the ILC6360 as
possible with very short traces to the V
OUT
and GND pins.
Typically it should be within 0.25 inches or 6mm.
3. Keep the traces for the power components wide, typically >
50mil or 1.25mm.
4. Place the external networks for LBI and V
FB
close to the
ILC6360, but away from the power components as far
as possible.
Grounding
1. Use a star grounding system with separate traces for the
power ground and the low power signals such as LBI/SD
and V
FB
. The star should radiate from where the power
supply enters the PCB.
2. On multilayer boards use component side copper for
grounding around the ILC6360 and connect back to a
quiet ground plane using vias.
100
F
V
IN
15
H
C
OUT
R1
R2
ILC6360CIR-ADJ
L
X
V
IN
LBI/SD
SYNC
GND
LBO
V
FB
V
OUT
V
OUT
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
C
IN
R3
Load
R4
ON/OFF
Local "Quiet" Ground
Power Ground
L1
+
+
10F 100F
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
10
(408) 574-3939
www.impalalinear.com
Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
Impala Linear Corp.
ILC 6360-ADJ Eval Board
Impala Linear Corp.
ILC 6360-ADJ Eval Board
L1
L1
C
IN
C
OUT
S1
S1
R4
R4
R3
R3
J3
U1
U1
J3
GND
V
IN
V
OUT
LBO
SYNC
GND
GND
V
IN
V
OUT
LBO
SYNC
GND
R1 R2
R1 R2
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
PGND
PGND
Label
Part Number
Manufacturer
Description
U1
ILC6360CIR-ADJ
Impala Linear
Step-up/Step-down DC-DC converter
C
IN
, C
OUT
1
T495D107K010AS
Kemet
100
F, low ESR tantalum capacitor
C
OUT
2
2221Y106M250NT
Novacap
10F, ceramic capacitor
L1
DO1608C-153
CDR74B-150MC
Coilcraft
Sumida
15
H,0.15
inductor
15H, 0.08
inductor
R1
-
Dale, Panasonic
768
, 1/10W, 1% SMT
R2
-
Dale, Panasonic
374
, 1/10W, 1% SMT
R3, R4
-
Dale, Panasonic
1Meg
, 1/10W, 5% SMT
Evaluation Board Parts List For Printed Circuit Board Shown Above
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
11
(408) 574-3939
www.impalalinear.com
Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
Unless otherwise specified: T
A
= 25C, C
IN
= 100F, C
OUT
= 10F 100F, L = 15H, V
OUT
= 3.6V (nominal)
0 10 20 30 40 50
I
OUT
(mA)
I
OUT
(mA)
I
OUT
(mA)
V
IN
(V)
V
IN
(V)
V
IN
(V)
V
OUT
(V)
V
OUT
(V)
Ef
ficiency (%)
Ef
ficiency (%)
V
IN
= 3.4V
V
IN
= 3.4V
V
IN
= 3.2V
V
IN
= 3.2V
V
IN
= 3.0V
V
IN
= 3.0V
V
IN
= 3.6V
V
IN
= 3.6V
V
IN
= 3.8V
V
IN
= 3.8V
V
IN
= 2.8V
V
IN
= 2.8V
V
IN
= 2.8V
V
IN
= 3.8V
V
IN
= 3.6V
V
IN
= 3.4V
V
IN
= 3.2V
V
IN
= 3.0V
V
IN
= 4.0V
V
IN
= 4.0V
V
IN
= 4.0V
V
IN
= 4.2V
V
OUT
(nom) = 3.6V
V
IN
= 4.2V
V
IN
= 4.2V
100
95
90
85
80
75
Efficiency vs Output Current (Light Load)
Efficiency vs Output Current (Light Load)
Efficiency vs Input Voltage (Heavy Load)
98
96
94
92
90
88
86
84
82
80
78
Ef
ficiency (%)
Ef
ficiency (%)
2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
I
OUT
= 50mA
I
OUT
= 40mA
I
OUT
= 10mA
I
OUT
= 5mA
I
OUT
= 20mA
I
OUT
= 200mA
I
OUT
= 100mA
I
OUT
= 50mA
I
OUT
= 50mA
I
OUT
= 3mA
I
OUT
= 300mA
I
OUT
= 400mA
I
OUT
= 500mA
I
OUT
= 200mA
I
OUT
= 500mA
I
OUT
= 400mA
98
94
90
86
82
78
2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
Efficiency vs Input Voltage (Heavy Load)
Line Regulation
Load Regulation
0 100 200 300 400 500
100
95
90
85
80
75
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
Typical Performance Characteristics ILC6360CIR-36
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
12
(408) 574-3939
www.impalalinear.com
Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
Unless otherwise specified: T
A
= 25C, C
IN
= 100F, C
OUT
= 10F 100F, L = 15H, V
OUT
= 3.6V (nominal)
Output Ripple Voltage vs Input Voltage
Ripple Current vs Input Voltage
Line Transient Response
V
IN
vs V
OUT
PWM Mode Load Switching Waveform
PFM Mode Load Switching Waveform
Output Ripple (mVpp)
Ripple Current (mA)
V
IN
(V)
V
IN
(V)
1s/div
50s/div
V
IN
(V)
V
IN
(mV)
V
OUT
(mV)
V
OUT
(mV)
AC Coupled
V
OUT
(mV)
AC Coupled
Inductor
Current (mA)
Inductor
Current (mA)
V
OUT
(V)
500s/div
I
OUT
= 0mA, 10mA
I
OUT
= 0mA, 10mA
50mA
I
OUT
= 100mA
I
OUT
= 50mA
I
OUT
= 200mA
I
OUT
= 250mA
I
OUT
= 500mA
I
OUT
= 500mA
I
OUT
= 500mA
I
OUT
= 0mA
I
OUT
= 10mA
I
OUT
= 50mA
I
OUT
= 100mA
I
OUT
= 100mA
I
OUT
= 200mA
I
OUT
= 400mA
I
OUT
= 400mA
V
IN
= 2.8V
V
OUT
= 3.6V
I
OUT
= 250mA
V
IN
= 3.0V
V
OUT
= 3.6V
I
OUT
= 10mA
2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
3.8
2.8
+50
0
-50
4.6
4.2
3.8
3.6
3.4
-10
0
-10
400
200
0
20
0
-20
300
200
100
0
2.8 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.2
Typical Performance Characteristics ILC6360CIR-36
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
13
(408) 574-3939
www.impalalinear.com
Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
Unless otherwise specified: T
A
= 25C, C
IN
= 100F, C
OUT
= 10F 100F, L = 15H, V
OUT
= 3.6V (nominal)
V
OUT
vs Temperature
Low Battery Output (V
IN
< V
TH
for Greater than 100ms)
10k
pull-up resistor from LBO to 3V supply
V
OUT
(V)
V
IN
(V)
V
IN
(V)
LBO (V)
LBO (V)
Output Noise V
oltage (mV
RMS
)
Temperature C
20ms/div
20ms/div
Freq (Hz)
V
IN
= 2.8V, I
LOAD
= 200mA
V
IN
= 4.2V, I
LOAD
= 200mA
V
IN
= 4.2V, I
LOAD
= 500mA
V
Th
= 1.2V
I
OUT
= 40mA
V
Th
= 1.2V
I
OUT
= 40mA
V
Th
= 2.8V
I
OUT
= 66mA
455kHz IF Band: 2.6V
RMS
V
Th
= 2.8V
I
OUT
= 66mA
Fundamental:
345kHz/2.7mV
RMS
First Harmonic
690kHz/0.66mV
RMS
V
IN
= 3.6V, I
LOAD
= 500mA
V
OUT
= 3.6V, (nominal)
V
IN
= 3.0V, I
LOAD
= 500mA
V
IN
= 2.8V, I
LOAD
= 500mA
V
IN
= 3.6V, I
LOAD
= 200mA
-
40
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
4
3
2
1
0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
3.3
Low Battery Output (V
IN
< V
TH
for Less than 100ms)
10k
pull-up resistor from LBO to 3V supply
Spectral Noise Plot
Spectral Noise Plot
4
3
2
1
0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
3.00
2.40
1.80
1.20
0.60
100 1k 10k 100k 1M
255k 355k 415k 495k 575k 655k
-42
-62
-82
-102
-122
-142
Typical Performance Characteristics ILC6360CIR-36
Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter for 1-Cell Lithium-Ion Batteries
Impala Linear Corporation
14
(408) 574-3939
www.impalalinear.com
Jan 1999
ILC6360 1.1
MSOP-8
All dimensions in inches (mm)
0.118 0.004
0.118 0.004
.020 TYP
0.013 TYP.
0.004 RAD. TYP
0.040 0.003
0.004 0.002
SEATING
PLANE
(3.00 0.05)
(0.5 TYP)
(3.00 0.05)
(0.3 TYP.)
0.0256 BSC
(0.65 BSC)
(0.01 RAD. TYP)
(1.01 0.075)
(0.1 0.05)
3 TYP.
12 TYP
0.116
12 TYP
0.118
0.006 RAD. TYP
(2.95)
(0.15 RAD TYP)
(3.0)
0.0215 0.006
(0.53 0.15)
0.037
(0.95)
Devices sold by Impala Linear Corporation are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing
in its Terms of Sale only. Impala Linear Corporation makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description
regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement.
Impala Linear Corporation makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Impala Linear Corporation
reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice.
This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring an extended temperature
range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military and aerospace, are specif-
ically not recommended without additional processing by Impala Linear Corporation.
Impala Linear Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in an
Impala Linear Corporation product. No other circuits, patents, licenses are implied.
Life Support Policy
Impala Linear Corporation's products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems.
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or
(b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use pro-
vided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reason-
ably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
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