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Электронный компонент: CD2231

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CD2231
Intelligent Two-Channel LAN and WAN Communications Controller
Datasheet
The CD2231 is a two-channel multi-protocol synchronous/asynchronous communications
controller specifically designed to reduce host-system processing overhead and increase
efficiency in a wide variety of communications applications. The CD2231 is packaged in a 100-
pin MQFP, and offers eight clock/modem pins per channel. The device has two fully
independent serial channels that support asynchronous, asynchronous-HDLC (PPP),
synchronous HDLC/SDLC, SLIP, and MNP
4 protocols at serial data rates up to 256 kbps,
(230.4 kbps in async modes) when clocked by a 35-MHz source.
The device is based on a proprietary on-chip RISC processor that performs all time-critical, low-
level tasks that are otherwise performed by the host system.
The CD2231 boosts system efficiency with on-chip DMA, on-chip FIFOs, intelligent vectored
interrupts, and intelligent protocol processing. The on-chip DMA controller provides `fire-and-
forget' transmit support -- the host need only inform the CCD2231 of the location of the packet
to be sent. Similarly, on receive, the CD2231 automatically receives a complete packet with no
host intervention or assistance required. The DMA controller also has an `Append mode' for use
in asynchronous applications.
The DMA controller uses a dual-buffer scheme that easily implements simple or complex buffer
schemes. Each channel and direction has two active buffers.
The CD2231 can be programmed to interrupt the host at the completion of a frame or buffer. In
applications where buffers are of a small, fixed size, the dual-buffer scheme allows large frames
to be divided into multiple buffers.
For applications where a DMA interface is not desired, the device can be operated as an
interrupt-driven or polled device. This choice is available individually for each channel and each
direction. For example, a channel can be programmed for DMA transmit and interrupt-driven
receive.
In either case, 16-byte FIFOs on each channel and in each direction reduce latency time
requirements, making both software and hardware designs less time-critical. Threshold levels on
FIFOs are user-programmable.
Efficient vectored interrupts are another way the CD2231 helps system efficiency. Separate
interrupts are generated for transmit, receive, and modem-signal change with unique user-
defined vectors for each type and channel. This allows very flexible interfacing and fast,
efficient interrupt coding.
As of May 2001, this document replaces the Basis
Communications Corp. document
May 2001
CL-CD2231 -- Intelligent Two-Channel LAN and WAN Communications Controller.
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Datasheet
Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel
products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual
property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Intel's Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, Intel assumes no liability
whatsoever, and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Intel products including liability or warranties relating to
fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Intel products are not
intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications.
Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice.
Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked "reserved" or "undefined." Intel reserves these for
future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them.
The CD2231 may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current
characterized errata are available on request.
Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order.
Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature may be obtained by calling 1-800-
548-4725 or by visiting Intel's website at http://www.intel.com.
Copyright Intel Corporation, 2001
*Third-party brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
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Datasheet
3
Intelligent Two-Channel LAN and WAN Communications Controller -- CD2231
Contents
1.0
Features
......................................................................................................................... 9
1.1
Benefits ............................................................................................................... 11
2.0
Conventions
............................................................................................................... 13
3.0
Pin Information
.......................................................................................................... 15
3.1
Pin Diagram......................................................................................................... 15
3.2
Pin Functions....................................................................................................... 16
3.3
Pin Descriptions .................................................................................................. 16
4.0
Register Table
............................................................................................................20
4.1
Memory Map ....................................................................................................... 20
4.1.1
Global Registers..................................................................................... 20
4.1.2
Option Registers..................................................................................... 20
4.1.3
Bit Rate and Clock Option Registers...................................................... 21
4.1.4
Channel Command and Status Registers .............................................. 22
4.1.5
Receive Interrupt Registers.................................................................... 22
4.1.6
Transmit Interrupt Registers................................................................... 22
4.1.7
DMA Registers ....................................................................................... 23
4.1.8
Timer Registers ...................................................................................... 24
4.2
Register Definitions ............................................................................................. 24
4.2.1
Global Registers..................................................................................... 24
4.2.2
Option Registers..................................................................................... 25
4.2.3
Bit Rate and Clock Option Registers...................................................... 27
4.2.4
Channel Command and Status Registers .............................................. 28
4.2.5
Interrupt Registers..................................................................................29
4.2.6
DMA Registers ....................................................................................... 31
4.2.7
Timer Registers ...................................................................................... 33
5.0
Functional Description
........................................................................................... 34
5.1
Host Interface ......................................................................................................34
5.1.1
Host Read and Write Cycles .................................................................. 34
5.1.2
Byte and Word Transfers ....................................................................... 36
5.2
Interrupts ............................................................................................................. 36
5.2.1
Contexts and Channels .......................................................................... 37
5.2.2
Interrupt Registers..................................................................................37
5.2.3
Groups and Types..................................................................................38
5.2.4
Hardware Signals and IACK Cycles ....................................................... 39
5.2.5
Multi CD2231 Systems ........................................................................... 40
5.3
FIFO and Timer Operations ................................................................................ 41
5.3.1
Receive FIFO Operation ........................................................................ 41
5.3.2
Transmit FIFO Operation ....................................................................... 41
5.3.3
Timers .................................................................................................... 41
5.3.4
Timers in Synchronous Protocols........................................................... 42
5.3.5
Timers in Asynchronous Protocols......................................................... 42
5.3.6
Transmit Timer ....................................................................................... 42
5.4
DMA Operation.................................................................................................... 42
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CD2231 -- Intelligent Two-Channel LAN and WAN Communications Controller
4
Datasheet
5.4.1
Bus Acquisition Cycle............................................................................. 43
5.4.2
DMA Data Transfer ................................................................................ 43
5.4.3
Bus Error Handling ................................................................................. 44
5.4.4
A and B Buffers and Chaining ................................................................ 45
5.4.5
Transmit DMA Transfer .......................................................................... 46
5.4.6
Synchronous Transmitter Examples ...................................................... 47
5.4.7
Receive DMA Transfer ........................................................................... 49
5.4.8
Transmit DMA Transfer .......................................................................... 52
5.4.9
Receive Buffer Interrupts ....................................................................... 55
5.5
Bit Rate Generation and Data Encoding ............................................................. 57
5.5.1
BRG and DPLL Operation...................................................................... 57
5.6
Hardware Configurations .................................................................................... 64
5.6.1
Interface to a 32-Bit Data Bus ................................................................ 65
5.6.2
DMA Connections for the CD2231 ......................................................... 65
5.6.3
CD2231 as a DTE and DCE Interface.................................................... 65
6.0
Protocol Processing
............................................................................................... 67
6.1
HDLC Processing................................................................................................ 67
6.1.1
Frame Check Sequence ........................................................................ 67
6.1.2
HDLC Transmit Mode............................................................................. 67
6.1.3
HDLC Receive Mode ............................................................................. 68
6.2
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) Mode.................................................................... 69
6.2.1
Character Format ................................................................................... 69
6.2.2
Frame Format ........................................................................................ 69
6.2.3
Frame Check Sequence ........................................................................ 69
6.2.4
Transparency ......................................................................................... 70
6.2.5
Definition of a Valid Frame ..................................................................... 71
6.2.6
Transmitter ............................................................................................. 71
6.2.7
Receiver ................................................................................................. 72
6.3
SLIP Processing.................................................................................................. 72
6.3.1
Framing .................................................................................................. 73
6.3.2
Debugging Aids ...................................................................................... 73
6.4
MNP,4/ARAP Protocol Processing...................................................................... 73
6.4.1
Framing .................................................................................................. 74
6.4.2
MNP,4/ARAP FCS (Frame Check Sequence) Calculation..................... 74
6.5
Async Processing................................................................................................ 75
6.5.1
Transmitter In-Band Flow Control .......................................................... 75
6.5.2
Out-of-Band Flow Control ...................................................................... 77
6.5.3
Line Break Detection and Generation .................................................... 78
6.5.4
Special Character Transmission ............................................................ 78
6.5.5
Special Character Recognition and Special Character Range............... 79
6.5.6
Special Character Range ....................................................................... 79
6.5.7
UNIX, Support Features ......................................................................... 80
6.6
Non-8-Bit Data Transfers .................................................................................... 80
7.0
Programming Examples
........................................................................................ 84
7.1
Global Initialization .............................................................................................. 85
7.2
Async Interrupt Setup Example........................................................................... 85
7.3
HDLC DMA Channel Setup Example.................................................................. 86
7.4
Receive DMA Interrupt Service Routine ............................................................. 86
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Datasheet
5
Intelligent Two-Channel LAN and WAN Communications Controller -- CD2231
7.5
Transmit Interrupt Service Routine...................................................................... 87
8.0
Detailed Register Descriptions
........................................................................... 88
8.1
Global Registers.................................................................................................. 88
8.1.1
Global Firmware Revision Code Register (GFRCR) .............................. 88
8.1.2
Channel Access Register (CAR) ............................................................ 88
8.2
Option Registers.................................................................................................. 89
8.2.1
Channel Mode Register (CMR) .............................................................. 89
8.2.2
Channel Option Register 1 (COR1)........................................................ 90
8.2.3
Channel Option Register 2 (COR2)........................................................ 92
8.2.4
Channel Option Register 3 (COR3) -- Async-HDLC/PPP Mode ...........94
8.2.5
Channel Option Register 4 (COR4)........................................................ 98
8.2.6
Channel Option Register 5 (COR5)........................................................ 99
8.2.7
Channel Option Register 6 (COR6) -- Async Mode Only .................... 100
8.2.8
Channel Option Register 7 (COR7) -- Async Mode Only .................... 101
8.2.9
Special Character Registers -- Async Modes Only .............................102
8.2.10 Special Character Range -- Async Mode Only ...................................104
8.2.11 LNext Character (LNXT) -- Async Mode Only..................................... 104
8.2.12 Receive Frame Address Registers -- HDLC Sync Mode Only ............ 105
8.2.13 CRC Polynomial Select Register (CPSR) ............................................ 106
8.2.14 Transmit Special Mapped Characters -- PPP Mode only.................... 106
8.2.15 Transmit Async Control Character Maps -- PPP Mode Only .............. 107
8.2.16 Receive Async Control Character Maps -- PPP Mode Only ............... 108
8.3
Bit Rate and Clock Option Registers................................................................. 110
8.3.1
Receive Baud Rate Generator Registers ............................................. 110
8.3.2
Transmit Baud Rate Generator Registers ............................................ 111
8.4
Channel Command and Status Registers ......................................................... 112
8.4.1
Channel Command Register (CCR) ..................................................... 112
8.4.2
Special Transmit Command Register (STCR) ..................................... 115
8.4.3
Channel Status Register (CSR) ........................................................... 117
8.4.4
Modem Signal Value Registers (MSVR) .............................................. 121
8.5
Interrupt Registers.............................................................................................122
8.5.1
General Interrupt Registers .................................................................. 122
8.5.2
Receive Interrupt Registers.................................................................. 125
8.5.3
Transmit Interrupt Registers................................................................. 133
8.5.4
Modem Interrupt Registers ...................................................................137
8.6
DMA Registers .................................................................................................. 139
8.6.1
DMA Mode Register (DMR) ................................................................. 139
8.6.2
Bus Error Retry Count (BERCNT)........................................................ 140
8.6.3
DMA Buffer Status (DMABSTS) ........................................................... 140
8.6.4
DMA Receive Registers ....................................................................... 141
8.6.5
DMA Transmit Registers ...................................................................... 145
8.7
Timer Registers ................................................................................................. 152
8.7.1
Timer Period Register (TPR)................................................................ 152
8.7.2
Receive Timeout Period Register (RTPR) -- Async Mode Only.......... 153
8.7.3
General Timer 1 (GT1) Sync Modes Only............................................ 154
8.7.4
General Timer 2 (GT2) Sync Modes Only............................................ 154
8.7.5
Transmit Timer Register (TTR) Async Modes Only .............................155

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