MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 1 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

Features and Benefits

Low cost - minimal external components

In PDIP8 or Chip-on-board

Robust digital design:

Offering stable triac control

Eliminating variations due to changes in analogue parameters

No aging and temperature influences

True PI speed regulator

No external calibration or adjustment required

Low power consumption

Suited for driving resistive and inductive loads

Pulse input to measure the motor speed with a low cost coil or a hall sensor

50 or 60 Hz operation customizable by mask programming

Adaptable to specific motor and application requirements by mask programming

Applications

Universal motor control applications that require true speed regulation, such as used in
blenders, mixers, kitchen appliances, drills, etc

Ordering Information

Part No.

Temperature Suffix

Package Code

Option Code*

MLX90804

C to 70

(PDIP-8)

* See Option Code Table for details

1. Functional Diagram

PLL

Control

logic

ADC

Triac

driver

90804

SET

VDD

VSS

SYN

SPD

TRG

Gate

sensing

Zero

crossing

detector

Oscillator

Voltage

regulator

VDD1

2. Description

The MLX90804 is a power control IC for controlling
the speed of AC motors by means of a triac. The
speed setting is done by applying a ratiometric
voltage at pin SET (usually by means of a
potentiometer). This speed setting is compared
with the pulse rate at the SPD input. The input is
compatible with inductive and magnetic detectors.
The calculation of the required phase angle is done
with a PI regulator, which is fully digital.
A soft start function is implemented to eliminate
high current peaks at startup. Also available are an
overload and overspeed protection.
The build in Frequency Locked Loop compensates
for variations in the mains frequency giving a stable
frequency independent trigger control.
Several parameters can be adjusted by mask
programming: min and max speed, soft start delay,
gain settings of the PI regulator, ...

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804 Page 2 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURES AND BENEFITS........................................................................................................................1

APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................................1

ORDERING INFORMATION .........................................................................................................................1

FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................................

...1

DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................................

...1

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS........................................................................................................3

MLX90804 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................3

MLX90804 SPECIFIC SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................3

GENERAL DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................5

DIGITAL FEATURES.............................................................................................................................6

PINOUT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................9

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ........................................................................................................10

9.1.

PPLICATION

XAMPLES

.............................................................................................................................. 10

9.2.

DDITIONAL

PPLICATION

NFORMATION

................................................................................................... 11

9.3.

PTION

ODE

ABLE

................................................................................................................................... 12

10.

RELIABILITY INFORMATION.............................................................................................................13

11.

ESD PRECAUTIONS ...........................................................................................................................13

12.

PACKAGE INFORMATION .................................................................................................................14

13.

DISCLAIMER .......................................................................................................................................15

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 3 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

3. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Supply Voltage, V

DD1

(overvoltage)

18V

Supply Voltage, V

DD1

(operating)

15V

Supply Current, I

DD1

10mA

Maximum chip temperature

150

ESD Sensitivity (AEC Q100 002)

2kV

Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute
maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

4. MLX90804 Electrical Specifications

DC Operating Parameters T

= 0

C to 85

C, V

DD1

= 13.5V to 16.5V (unless otherwise specified)

Parameter Symbol

Test

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Ambient temperature

Tamb

°C

Maximum chip temperature

Tch

150

°C

Thermal resistance

Rth

PDIP8 package

110

°C/W

Maximum allowed source supply

current

IDD1m

Drivers off, all the current flows in

the chip

5. MLX90804 Specific Specifications

Power supply

The 90804 ground pin (VSS) must be connected by external series resistors and a rectifier diode to the
AC line. An internal zener function limits the voltage at VDD1 to approximately 16V. For proper operation
a decoupling capacitor must be connected between VDD1 and VSS.

Parameter Symbol

Test

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Voltage applied at the supply pin VDD1

IDD1 = 5mA

13.5

16.5 V

Current consumption

IDD1

VDD1 = 14V, All drivers off

0.4

1.0

2.0

Reference Voltage

VDD

IDD

EXT

= 1.2mA

4.3

5.4

Power on Reset

This block ensures a correct start of the digital part. The reset signal (DPORB) goes up for VDD>Vdporh
and down for VDD<Vdporl.

Parameter Symbol

Test

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

High level threshold

Vdporh

2.5

Low level threshold

Vdporl

2.0

Hysteresis Vdphyst

0.5

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 4 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

Analog Power-On Reset

This block tracks the voltage applied at VDD1. The triac firing is permitted if VDD1 > Vaporh and is
stopped when VDD1<Vaporl.

Parameter Symbol

Test

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

High level threshold

Vaporh

11.5

Low level threshold

Vaporl

8.5

Hysteresis

Vaphyst

2 3 4

Zero crossing detector

This detector contains two comparators with hysteresis. The first comparator has reference at VDD1. The
reference of the second one is VDD1-1V. Both outputs ZC1 and ZC2 are HIGH during positive half wave
of the mains and LOW during negative half wave of the mains.

Parameter Symbol

Test

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

High level threshold 1

Vzc1h

Referenced to VDD1

0.1

0.3

0.5

Low level threshold 1

Vzc1l

Referenced to VDD1

-0.1

-0.3

-0.5

High level threshold 2

Vzc2h

Referenced to VDD1

-1.1

-1.9

-2.7

Low level threshold 2

Vzc2l

Referenced to VDD1

-1.7

-2.5

-3.3

Speed measurement

The chip has input SPD to measure the motor speed. It is possible to connect a low cost inductor
(between SPD and VSS) or a hall sensor with digital output. The type of sensor can be defined by mask
option. In case of the use of a coil the input levels are defined in the table below. In case of the use of a
hall sensor, the levels are cmos compatible.

Parameter Symbol

Test

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

High comparator level

SPDHI

Low comparator level

SPDLO

-20

-50

-85

Note:
When used with a coil, the input voltage is on chip limited to approximately 280mV. However the current
injected or pulled out of this pin should not increase above 1 mA.
When used with a hall sensor, the SPD input does not have an internal pull up resistor.

Ignition driver

This driver operates as a current generator to fire the triac.

Parameter Symbol

Test

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Triac gate current

ITRG

VDD1 > Vaporh

ADC

This is a 4-bit ADC.

Parameter Symbol

Test

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Resolution

bits

Reference voltage

Vref

4.3

5.0

5.4

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 5 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

6. General Description

Speed Regulator

The speed is regulated by a PI regulator with
programmable parameters Kp and Ki.

Speed Measurement

The speed is measured either by a coil or by a hall
sensor with digital output. The type of sensor can
be defined by mask option. The sensor must be
located close to a cylindrical magnet. The number
of pole pairs can be programmed.

Speed Setting

The speed is selected by applying a voltage at
pin SET. The voltage at this pin is fed into an
ADC (referenced to VDD) and is converted to a
4-bit value. This value is the address of a ROM
table in which the different speeds are
programmed. This means that 16 different
speeds can be selected.
The relation between voltage at input SET and
the corresponding speed does not need to be
linear. It can be freely chosen.

Soft Start

A soft start procedure is activated at start up and
is implemented to guarantee a smooth startup of
the motor under all conditions. At very low speed
the speed can not yet be measured and therefore
several actions are taken so that the PI regulator
can smoothly take over once the speed has
increased sufficiently. The soft start function is
configurable with the option mask.

Just after applying power to the electronics there
is a delay time until the motor starts movement.
The maximum allowable delay time is 300 ms.

Speed Set Ramping

At any time when the speed setting is changed to
a new speed, the change is internally generated
with a ramp function to optimize the transient
behavior of the PI regulator. This ramp function is
configurable with the option mask.

Main Switch

It is possible to program one or more speed
settings with a zero speed. This will stop the
motor. However for security reasons it might be
considered to combine this setting with a switch

to disconnect motor and/or electronics from the
mains.

Overload shutoff feature

625 ms after starting the motor (i.e. selecting a
speed setting different from 0 rpm) the following
function will be enabled: if the speed of the motor
gets lower than a programmable value SLIM for
longer than 320 ms, the motor speed is
permanently set to 0 rpm. As a consequence the
first possible timeout to recognize a blocked
motor after start will be approximately 1 sec.
This state can only be left by disconnecting the
power from the electronic circuit.

Overspeed shutoff feature

If the speed of the motor gets higher than a
programmable value SLIMA for longer than
320ms, the selected speed is permanently set to
0 rpm. This state can only be left by
disconnecting the power from the electronics.

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 6 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

7. Digital features

Ignition detector

This block tracks if the triac is ON after each firing
pulse. It senses the voltage at the gate of the
triac. If the triac is OFF 10us after a firing pulse, a
new pulse will be generated.
There is an option (active mask) allowing
eliminating the ignition detector circuit. Two firing
pulses are generated every half period to fire the
triac, instead.

Debounce of ADC

To assure a stable operation, the result from
potentiometer reading is debounced before
passing through.

Set of speeds (ROM table)

The analog voltage at pin SET is converted to a
digital value. This digital value is address in the
ROM table. ROM value with resolution of 10 bits
defines the required speed.
The definition of the speed settings is totally free:
it does not need to be linear, nor continuously,
and different ROM addresses can have the same
speed.

SWITCH

position

POT

settings

SPEED

[rpm]

0 1700
1 1700
2 1700

1700

4 0

5 0
6 2000

2000

8 3500

9 3500
10 7200

7200

12 12200
13 12200
14 12200

12200

An example can be found in the table: this is a
application where the SET input voltage is

defined with a rotating knob, which has only 6
positions. Switch position 1 corresponds to a very
low speed (1700 rpm) and covers position 0 to 3 of
the AD converter. Switch position 2, corresponding
to ADC position 4 and 5 has zero speed. For
switch position 3 to 6 the speed setting is
increasing.

Multiplier of input frequency from
sensor

A frequency multiplier is designed in order to
guarantee accurate measuring of the low
frequency at the SPD input. The multiplier has
measured the period of Fspd =>N = Tspd * Fm
where Tspd = 1/Fspd and Fm = Fosc/MULT.
The value N determines the division coefficient of a
down counter (divider), which clock input is Fosc.
The output frequency from this counter has value
Fout = Fosc/N = Fosc/(Tspd * Fosc/MULT)) =
Fspd * MULT.
The output frequency is Fspd multiplied by
coefficient MULT. The coefficient MULT is
programmable from 1 to 256.

Frequency meter

The frequency meter is implemented as a simple
counter. This counter is cleared at the beginning of
every mains period (20ms). During the mains
period the output frequency from the frequency
multiplier (Fout = Fref * MULT) is applied at the
clock input of this counter. At the end of the mains
period the value of the counter is stored in a latch.
This stored value is proportional to Fspd and
equals Tmains * Fspd * MULT.
The frequency can be measured during a full or
during half a period of the mains.
If option FP = 1 the frequency is measured over a
full mains period.
If option FP = 0 the frequency is measured for a
half mains period.

Soft start

The soft start is initiated after a proper power on
reset sequence. The startup sequence can be
influenced by several options.
The initial phase angle applied to the triac is
defined as (MIN[9:0] - LD[9:0]), where MIN[9:0] is
the minimum allowed firing angle, and LD[9:0] is
the value initially stored in the integrator. The
phase angle remains unchanged for a duration
defined by the startup time SFT[1:0].
After that time the PI regulator is enabled with a Kp
factor defined by PX[3:1]. As long as the

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 7 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

FOSC/MULT

DIV [MULT]

UPCOUNTER

LATCH

DIV [N]

FOSC

MULT

FOSC/MULT

FOUT

FREF

N = (FOSC/MULT)/FREF

FOUT = FOSC/N = FREF*MULT

CONTROL

MULT

FREF

input frequency

multiplier

measured speed is smaller than the start speed
(defined by SPE[1:0]), the error signal at the input
of the PI regulator is kept at zero. If PX[3] = 0, the
Kp factor is fixed all the time. If PX[3] = 1, the Kp
factor changes at the moment the measured speed
gets higher than the start speed, which is defined
by SPE[1:0]. At the same moment the SETP
integrator (see PI regulator) is enabled and
preloaded with the value of the measured speed.

PX3 PX2 PX1 Kp
0 0 0 8
0 0 1 4
0 1 0 2
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1

1 0 1 2

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 4

SFT1

SFT0

Duration in half periods

0 0 0
0 1 7
1 0 15
1 1 31

PI regulator

The PI regulator calculates the ignition point that
corresponds to a selected speed. The signal
SETP is driven from the sets of speeds in the
ROM table. The signal REAL is driven from the
frequency meter and corresponds to the real
speed.
The error signal ERR at sample time n is the
difference between the measured speed and the
desired speed for this sample time. The error is
multiplied by the proportional coefficient to form
the proportional part ERRP. The same error is
multiplied by the integral coefficient and summed
with the previous errors. The accumulated
integral error ERRI is then added to the
proportional to form the final product ERRPI. This
product is subtracted from the fixed MIN_ANGLE
to form the triac ignition point (the new estimated
firing angle) The coefficients are mask
programmable: Kp is defined by PX[3:1] and Ki is
defined by SSE[1:0].

SSE1 SSE2 Ki
0 0 1/

0 1 1/

1 0 1/

1 1 1/

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 8 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

Speed Set Ramping

For smooth operation and to avoid overshoots, the
set point (desired speed) is ramped from its
present value to the desired value.
The SETP integrator is built around an 8-bit
counter and guarantees a smooth transition when
changing the speed setting. There is a comparator
between SETP and IP. If SETP changes then the
comparator enables the IP-counter until IP gets
equal to SETP.

speed setting different from 0 rpm) the following
function will be enabled: if the speed of the motor
gets lower than a programmable value SLIM for
longer then 320 ms, the motor speed is
permanently set to 0 rpm. As a consequence the
first possible timeout to recognize a blocked
motor after start will be approximately 1 sec.
This state can only be left by disconnecting the
power from the electronic circuit.

SUB

U/D

Reset

Load

Carry out

ENB

Preload Counter

P=Q

P>Q

COMP

EQU

REAL

SUM

DELAY

ERRP

SUM

ERRI

SUB

ERRPI

MIN_ANGLE

IGN

SETP

START

VZC

ERR

The clock, which defines the rate of change, can
be defined for up and down counting
independently, and equals
Fclkip = 102.3KHz/(128*Not(UPR[4:0])+1) in case
of counting up.
Since the value for the desired speed is 10 bit
wide, and the counter is only 8, the set point
ramp speed from the table is effectively multiplied
by 4.

FLL

A Frequency Locked Loop circuit is implemented
to obtain a master frequency (approximately
100KHz) from a free running on-chip oscillator.
Both FLL and frequency multiplier have the same
functional blocks, but the FLL uses the AC line
frequency as his reference.

Overload shutoff feature

625 ms after starting the motor (i.e. selecting a

Overspeed shutoff feature

Firing

The PI regulator gives an ignition angle IGN. The
resolution is 10 us. The firing circuit compares the
ignition point with a maximum and minimum
allowed angle MIN and MAX. MAX corresponds
to the maximum angle with the triac on (fired).
This happens when the triac is fired with
minimum delay from the zero cross. MIN
corresponds to the minimum time the triac is
fired. This happens when the triac is fired with
maximum delay from the zero cross.
If the IGN < MAX, then IGN = MAX, thus firing

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 9 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

with max angle. If MAX < IGN, then firing is done
with IGN angle. The IGN value is compared with
the value of a down counter, which is clocked by
DCLK = 100kHz and is cleared at the beginning
of every half period of the AC line. When this
counter value gets equal to IGN a firing circuit
produces an ignition pulse GATE with a duration
selected with option DUTS[1:0].
After each firing pulse the ignition detector is
activated. This will check whether the triac is fired
correctly and thus no additional firing pulses are
required. If there is no current flowing in the triac
additional pulses will be generated.
MAX is set to 0 ms in MLX90804.

MIN

MAX

IGN

MAINS*2

GATE

MAINS

DUTS1

DUTS0

Duration in us

0 0 320
0 1 80
1 0 40
1 1 20

Options

The following table lists all mask options of the
MLX90804 chip:

Name Description
MULT[7:0]

multiplication coefficient of Fspd

FPB

Gate of frequency meter

SFT[1:0] startup

time

PX[3:1] Proportional

coefficient

SSE[1:0]

Integral coefficient Ki

SPE[1:0] Start

speed

LD[9:0]

Preload of Integrator

DWR[4:0]

SETP integrator down

UPR[4:0]

SETP integrator up

DUTS[1:0]

duration of firing pulse

MULT9 Enable

retriggering

MIN[9:0]

min allowed firing angle

MAX[9:0]*

max allowed firing angle

SLIM[9:0]

minimum speed limitation

SLIMA[4:0]

maximum speed limitation

* MAX = 0 ms

8. Pinout Description

Pin Name Type Description

SET

Input

Speed setting input

2 SPD Input Speed

measurement

3 TEST

Input Test

SYN

Input

Zero cross input

5 TRG Output Triac

driver

output

6 VSS Supply

Ground

VDD1

Supply

Supply, high level

8 VDD

Output

Reference

voltage

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 11 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

9.2. Additional Application Information

MLX90804 kitpart
The MLX90804 kitpart is an eeprom version of
MLX90804 in which all options can be
programmed via a standard SPI interface. The
kitpart is assembled in cerdip14 in such a way
that it is pin compatible with the 8-pin MLX90804
production version.

Following additional information is available for
the MLX90804:

Application note: a basic phase angle speed
controller
This document describes in detail how to make
an application with the MLX90804

MLX90804 Demo Board
This document describes the features and
possibilities of the MLX90804 demo board, and
how it can be ordered.

Manual for definition of the options
This document is a guide to the definition of all
options and shows with an example how a set of
options can be defined to fit your application.

MLXSPI programming users guide
This is the user guide to the MLXSPI
programmer, which can be used to program all
options into the MLX90804 and MLX90805
kitparts. It describes both hardware and software
of the MLXSPI programmer.

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 12 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

9.3. Option Code Table

The table below lists all option values for the available option codes.

OPTION CC
Line frequency

50 Hz

Sensor Type

Coil

Number of Poles

MULT[7:0] Multiplication coefficient of Fspd 64
FPB Gate of frequency meter

10 ms

SFT[1:0] Startup time

0 half periods

PX[3:1] Proportional coefficient Kp

2 $ 4

SSE[1:0] Integral coefficient Ki

1/32

SPE[1:0] Start speed

1000 RPM

LD[9:0] Preload of Integrator

1.44 ms

DWR[4:0] SETP integrator down

UPR[4:0] SETP integrator up

DUTS[1:0] Duration of firing pulse

40 us

MULT9 Enable retriggering

MIN[9:0] Min allowed firing angle

8.00 ms

MAX[9:0] Max allowed firing angle

0 ms

SLIM[9:0] Minimum speed limitation

1200 RPM

SLIMA[4:0] Maximum speed limitation

13000 RPM

ROM[0] Speed setting 0

1700 RPM

ROM[1] Speed setting 1

1700 RPM

ROM[2] Speed setting 2

1700 RPM

ROM[3] Speed setting 3

1700 RPM

ROM[4] Speed setting 4

0 RPM

ROM[5] Speed setting 5

0 RPM

ROM[6] Speed setting 6

2000 RPM

ROM[7] Speed setting 7

2000 RPM

ROM[8] Speed setting 8

3500 RPM

ROM[9] Speed setting 9

3500 RPM

ROM[10] Speed setting 10

7200 RPM

ROM[11] Speed setting 11

7200 RPM

ROM[12] Speed setting 12

12250 RPM

ROM[13] Speed setting 13

12250 RPM

ROM[14] Speed setting 14

12250 RPM

ROM[15] Speed setting 15

12250 RPM

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 13 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

10. Reliability Information

Melexis devices are classified and qualified regarding suitability for infrared, vapor phase and wave
soldering with usual (63/37 SnPb-) solder (melting point at 183degC).
The following test methods are applied:

IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020A (issue April 1999)
Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification For Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices
CECC00802 (issue 1994)
Standard Method For The Specification of Surface Mounting Components (SMDs) of Assessed Quality
MIL 883 Method 2003 / JEDEC-STD-22 Test Method B102
Solderability

For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak
temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests
have to be agreed upon with Melexis.

The application of Wave Soldering for SMD's is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance
of adhesive strength between device and board

For more information on manufacturability/solderability see quality page at our website:

http://www.melexis.com/

11. ESD Precautions

Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD).
Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products.

MLX90804

Speed regulator for universal motors

3901090804

Page 15 of 15

Data Sheet

Rev. 004

Dec/02

13. Disclaimer

Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in
its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the
information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement.
Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore,
prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information.
This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended
temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military,
medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional
processing by Melexis for each application.
The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not
be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury,
property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or
consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or
use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow
out of Melexis' rendering of technical or other services.
© 2002 Melexis NV. All rights reserved.

For the latest version of this document,

go to our website at:

www.melexis.com

Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct:

Europe and Japan:

All other locations:

Phone: +32 13 67 04 95

Phone: +1 603 223 2362

E-mail: sales_europe@melexis.com

E-mail: sales_usa@melexis.com

QS9000, VDA6.1 and ISO14001 Certified

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