June 2001

MIC4416/4417

Micrel

Features

· +4.5V to +18V operation
· Low steady-state supply current

A typical, control input low

370

A typical, control input high

· 1.2A nominal peak output

3.5

typical output resistance at 18V supply

7.8

typical output resistance at 5V supply

· 25mV maximum output offset from supply or ground
· Operates in low-side switch circuits
· TTL-compatible input withstands 20V
· ESD protection
· Inverting and noninverting versions

Applications

· Battery conservation
· Solenoid and motion control
· Lamp control
· Switch-mode power supplies

Ordering Information

Part Number

Temp. Range

Package

Marking

Noninverting

MIC4416BM4

C to +85

SOT-143

D10

Inverting

MIC4417BM4

C to +85

SOT-143

D11

MIC4416/4417

IttyBittyTM Low-Side MOSFET Driver

Final Information

General Description

The MIC4416 and MIC4417 IttyBittyTM low-side MOSFET
drivers are designed to switch an N-channel enhancement-
type MOSFET from a TTL-compatible control signal in low-
side switch applications. The MIC4416 is noninverting and
the MIC4417 is inverting. These drivers feature short delays
and high peak current to produce precise edges and rapid
rise and fall times. Their tiny 4-lead SOT-143 package uses
minimum space.

The MIC4416/7 is powered from a +4.5V to +18V supply
voltage. The on-state gate drive output voltage is approxi-
mately equal to the supply voltage (no internal regulators or
clamps). High supply voltages, such as 10V, are appropriate
for use with standard N-channel MOSFETs. Low supply
voltages, such as 5V, are appropriate for use with logic-level
N-channel MOSFETs.

In a low-side configuration, the driver can control a MOSFET
that switches any voltage up to the rating of the MOSFET.

The MIC4416 is available in the SOT-143 package and
is rated for 40

C to +85

C ambient temperature range.

Typical Application

On
Off

CTL

GND

MIC4416

4.7µF

Si9410DY*
N-channel
MOSFET

Load

Voltage

Load

+12V

Load voltage limited only by
MOSFET drain-to-source rating

* Siliconix

30m

, 7A max.

0.1µF

Low-Side Power Switch

Micrel, Inc. · 1849 Fortune Drive · San Jose, CA 95131 · USA · tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 · fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 · http://www.micrel.com

June 2001

MIC4416/4417

Micrel

Electrical Characteristics

(Note 3)

Parameter

Condition (Note 1)

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Supply Current

4.5V

18V

CTL

= 0V

200

CTL

= 5V

370

1500

Control Input Voltage

4.5V

18V

CTL

for logic 0 input

0.8

CTL

for logic 1 input

2.4

Control Input Current

CTL

Delay Time, V

CTL

Rising

= 5V

= 1000pF, Note 2

= 18V

= 1000pF, Note 2

Delay Time, V

CTL

Falling

= 5V

= 1000pF, Note 2

= 18V

= 1000pF, Note 2

Output Rise Time

= 5V

= 1000pF, Note 2

= 18V

= 1000pF, Note 2

Output Fall Time

= 5V

= 1000pF, Note 2

= 18V

= 1000pF, Note 2

Gate Output Offset Voltage

4.5V

18V

= high

= low

Output Resistance

= 5V, I

OUT

= 10mA

P-channel (source) MOSFET

7.6

N-channel (sink) MOSFET

7.8

= 18V, I

OUT

= 10mA

P-channel (source) MOSFET

3.5

N-channel (sink) MOSFET

3.5

Gate Output Reverse Current

No latch up

250

General Note: Devices are ESD protected, however handling precautions are recommended.

Note 1:

Typical values at T

= 25

C. Minimum and maximum values indicate performance at 40

+85

C. Parts production tested at 25

Note 2:

Refer to "MIC4416 Timing Definitions" and "MIC4417 Timing Definitions" diagrams (see next page).

Note 3:

Specification for packaged product only.

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Supply Voltage (V

) .................................................... +20V

Control Voltage (V

CTL

) .................................. 20V to +20V

Gate Voltage (V

) ....................................................... +20V

Junction Temperature (T

) ........................................ 150

Lead Temperature, Soldering ................... 260

C for 5 sec.

Operating Ratings

Supply Voltage (V

) ....................................... +4.5 to +18V

Control Voltage (V

CTL

) .......................................... 0V to V

Ambient Temperature Range (T

) ............. 40

C to +85

Thermal Resistance

(

) ...................................... 220

C/W

(soldered to 0.25in

copper ground plane)

June 2001

MIC4416/4417

Micrel

TIME (ns)

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Rise and Fall Time

vs. Supply Voltage

FALL

RISE

CTL

= 1MHz

-60 -30

90 120 150

TIME (ns)

TEMPERATURE (

Rise and Fall Time

vs. Temperature

RISE

SUPPLY

= 5V

CTL

= 1MHz

FALL

-60 -30

90 120 150

TIME (ns)

TEMPERATURE (

Rise and Fall Time

vs. Temperature

RISE

SUPPLY

= 18V

CTL

= 1MHz

FALL

Typical Characteristics

Note 3

100

200

300

400

500

SUPPLY CURRENT (

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Quiescent Supply Current

vs. Supply Voltage

CTL

= 5V

CTL

= 0V

0.1

100

SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

CAPACITANCE (nF)

Supply Current

vs. Load Capacitance

SUPPLY

= 5V

100kHz

10kHz

1MHz

0.1

100

1000

2000

SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

FREQUENCY (kHz)

Supply Current

vs. Frequency

SUPPLY

= 18V

0.01

0.1

100

TIME (

CAPACITANCE (nF)

Output Rise and Fall Time

vs. Load Capacitance

FALL

RISE

SUPPLY

= 5V

CTL

= 50kHz

TIME (ns)

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Delay Time

vs. Supply Voltage

CTL

RISE

CTL

FALL

-60 -30

90 120 150

TIME (ns)

TEMPERATURE (

Delay Time

vs. Temperature

SUPPLY

= 5V

CTL

RISE

CTL

FALL

-60 -30

90 120 150

TIME (ns)

TEMPERATURE (

Delay Time

vs. Temperature

SUPPLY

= 18V

CTL

RISE

CTL

FALL

0.1

100

SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

CAPACITANCE (nF)

Supply Current

vs. Load Capacitance

SUPPLY

= 18V

100kHz

10kHz

1MHz

0.01

0.1

100

TIME (

CAPACITANCE (nF)

Output Rise and Fall Time

vs. Load Capacitance

FALL

RISE

SUPPLY

= 18V

CTL

= 50kHz

MIC4416/4417

Micrel

MIC4416/4417

June 2001

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

100

VOLTAGE DROP (mV)

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

Output Voltage Drop vs.

Output Source Current

SUPPLY

= 5V

18V

NOTE 4

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

100

VOLTAGE DROP (mV)

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

Output Voltage Drop vs.

Output Sink Current

SUPPLY

= 5V

18V

NOTE 5

100

200

300

400

500

600

HYSTERESIS (mV)

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Control Input Hysteresis

vs. Supply Voltage

ON RESISTANCE (

)

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Output

Source Resistance

OUT

= 10mA

200

400

600

800

-60 -30

90 120 150

HYSTERESIS (mV)

TEMPERATURE (

Control Input Hysteresis

vs. Temperature

SUPPLY

= 18V

-60 -30

90 120 150

ON-RESISTANCE (

)

TEMPERATURE (

Output Source Resistance

vs. Temperature

SUPPLY

= 5V

OUT

3mA

SUPPLY

= 18V

OUT

3mA

ON RESISTANCE (

)

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Output

Sink Resistance

OUT

= 10mA

-60 -30

90 120 150

ON-RESISTANCE (

)

TEMPERATURE (

Output Sink Resistance

vs. Temperature

SUPPLY

= 5V

OUT

3mA

SUPPLY

= 18V

OUT

3mA

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

CURRENT (A)

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Peak Output Current

vs. Supply Voltage

Sink

NOTE 7

Source

NOTE 6

0.1

100

1x10

SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Supply Current

vs. Frequency

0pF

1,000pF

2,000pF

5,000pF

= 10,000pF

SUPPLY

= 5V

0.1

100

1x10

SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Supply Current

vs. Frequency

0pF

1,000pF

2,000pF

5,000pF

= 10,000pF

SUPPLY

= 18V

Note 3:

Typical Characteristics at
T

= 25

C, V

= 5V,

= 1000pF unless noted.

Note 4:

Source-to-drain voltage drop across the
internal P-channel MOSFET =
V

Note 5:

Drain-to-source voltage drop across the
internal N-channel MOSFET = V

GND

(Voltage applied to G.)

Note 6:

s pulse test, 50% duty cycle. OUT

connected to GND. OUT sources current.
(MIC4416, V

CTL

= 5V;

MIC4417, V

CTL

= 0V)

Note 7:

s pulse test, 50% duty cycle. VS

connected to OUT. OUT sinks current.
(MIC4416, V

CTL

= 0V;

MIC4417, V

CTL

= 5V)

June 2001

MIC4416/4417

Micrel

Functional Description

Refer to the functional diagram.

The MIC4416 is a noninverting driver. A logic high on the CTL
(control) input produces gate drive output. The MIC4417 is
an inverting driver. A logic low on the CTL (control) input
produces gate drive output. The G (gate) output is used to
turn on an external N-channel MOSFET.

Supply

VS (supply) is rated for +4.5V to +18V. External capacitors
are recommended to decouple noise.

Control

CTL (control) is a TTL-compatible input. CTL must be forced
high or low by an external signal. A floating input will cause
unpredictable operation.

A high input turns on Q1, which sinks the output of the 0.3mA
and the 0.6mA current source, forcing the input of the first
inverter low.

Hysteresis

The control threshold voltage, when CTL is rising, is slightly
higher than the control threshold voltage when CTL is falling.

When CTL is low, Q2 is on, which applies the additional
0.6mA current source to Q1. Forcing CTL high turns on Q1
which must sink 0.9mA from the two current sources. The
higher current through Q1 causes a larger drain-to-source
voltage drop across Q1. A slightly higher control voltage is
required to pull the input of the first inverter down to its
threshold.

Functional Diagram

Logic-Level

Input

CTL

MIC4417

INVERTING

MIC4416

NONINVERTING

0.3mA

0.6mA

GND

Load

SWITCHED

SUPPLY

D3
35V

Functional Diagram with External Components

Q2 turns off after the first inverter output goes high. This
reduces the current through Q1 to 0.3mA. The lower current
reduces the drain-to-source voltage drop across Q1. A
slightly lower control voltage will pull the input of the first
inverter up to its threshold.

Drivers

The second (optional) inverter permits the driver to be manu-
factured in inverting and noninverting versions.

The last inverter functions as a driver for the output MOSFETs
Q3 and Q4.

Gate Output

G (gate) is designed to drive a capacitive load. V

(gate

output voltage) is either approximately the supply voltage or
approximately ground, depending on the logic state applied
to CTL.

If CTL is high, and VS (supply) drops to zero, the gate output
will be floating (unpredictable).

ESD Protection

D1 protects VS from negative ESD voltages. D2 and D3
clamp positive and negative ESD voltages applied to CTL.
R1 isolates the gate of Q1 from sudden changes on the CTL
input. D4 and D5 prevent Q1's gate voltage from exceeding
the supply voltage or going below ground.

MIC4416/4417

Micrel

MIC4416/4417

June 2001

Application Information

The MIC4416/7 is designed to provide high peak current for
charging and discharging capacitive loads. The 1.2A peak
value is a nominal value determined under specific condi-
tions. This nominal value is used to compare its relative size
to other low-side MOSFET drivers. The MIC4416/7 is not
designed to directly switch 1.2A continuous loads.

Supply Bypass

Capacitors from VS to GND are recommended to control
switching and supply transients. Load current and supply
lead length are some of the factors that affect capacitor
size requirements.

A 4.7

F or 10

F tantalum capacitor is suitable for many

applications. Low-ESR (equivalent series resistance) metal-
ized film capacitors may also be suitable. An additional 0.1

ceramic capacitor is suggested in parallel with the larger
capacitor to control high-frequency transients.

The low ESR (equivalent series resistance) of tantalum
capacitors makes them especially effective, but also makes
them susceptible to uncontrolled inrush current from low
impedance voltage sources (such as NiCd batteries or auto-
matic test equipment). Avoid instantaneously applying volt-
age, capable of very high peak current, directly to or near
tantalum capacitors without additional current limiting. Nor-
mal power supply turn-on (slow rise time) or printed circuit
trace resistance is usually adequate for normal product
usage.

Circuit Layout

Avoid long power supply and ground traces. They exhibit
inductance that can cause voltage transients (inductive kick).
Even with resistive loads, inductive transients can sometimes
exceed the ratings of the MOSFET and the driver.

When a load is switched off, supply lead inductance forces
current to continue flowing--resulting in a positive voltage
spike. Inductance in the ground (return) lead to the supply
has similar effects, except the voltage spike is negative.

Switching transitions momentarily draw current from VS to
GND. This combines with supply lead inductance to create
voltage transients at turn on and turnoff.

Transients can also result in slower apparent rise or fall times
when driver's ground shifts with respect to the control input.

Minimize the length of supply and ground traces or use
ground and power planes when possible. Bypass capacitors
should be placed as close as practical to the driver.

MOSFET Selection

Standard MOSFET

A standard N-channel power MOSFET is fully enhanced with
a gate-to-source voltage of approximately 10V and has an
absolute maximum gate-to-source voltage of

20V.

The MIC4416/7's on-state output is approximately equal to
the supply voltage. The lowest usable voltage depends upon
the behavior of the MOSFET.

CTL

GND

MIC4416

4.7µF

+8V to +18V

Load

Logic

Input

* Gate enhancement voltage

+15V

Standard
MOSFET
IRFZ24

International Rectifier

100m

, 60V MOSFET

0.1µF

Try a

, 15W

1k, 1/4W

resistor

Figure 1. Using a Standard MOSFET

Logic-Level MOSFET

Logic-level N-channel power MOSFETs are fully enhanced
with a gate-to-source voltage of approximately 5V and have
an absolute maximum gate-to-source voltage of

10V. They

are less common and generally more expensive.

The MIC4416/7 can drive a logic-level MOSFET if the supply
voltage, including transients, does not exceed the maximum
MOSFET gate-to-source rating (10V).

CTL

GND

MIC4416

+4.5V to 10V*

Load

Logic

Input

* Gate enhancement voltage

(must not exceed 10V)

+5V

Logic-Level
MOSFET
IRLZ44

International Rectifier

28m

, 60V MOSFET

4.7µF

0.1µF

Try a

, 10W

100

, 1/4W

resistor

Figure 2. Using a Logic-Level MOSFET

At low voltages, the MIC4416/7's internal P- and N-channel
MOSFET's on-resistance will increase and slow the output
rise time. Refer to "Typical Characteristics" graphs.

Inductive Loads

On
Off

CTL

GND

MIC4416

SUPPLY

Schottky
Diode

SWITCHED

4.7µF

0.1µF

Figure 3. Switching an Inductive Load

Switching off an inductive load in a low-side application forces
the MOSFET drain higher than the supply voltage (as the
inductor resists changes to current). To prevent exceeding
the MOSFET's drain-to-gate and drain-to-source ratings, a
Schottky diode should be connected across the inductive
load.

June 2001

MIC4416/4417

Micrel

Power Dissipation

The maximum power dissipation must not be exceeded to
prevent die meltdown or deterioration.

Power dissipation in on/off switch applications is negligible.

Fast repetitive switching applications, such as SMPS (switch-
mode power supplies), cause a significant increase in power
dissipation with frequency. Power is dissipated each time
current passes through the internal output MOSFETs when
charging or discharging the external MOSFET. Power is also
dissipated during each transition when some current momen-
tarily passes from VS to GND through both internal MOSFETs.

Power dissipation is the product of supply voltage and supply
current:

= V

where:

= power dissipation (W)

= supply voltage (V)

= supply current (A) [see paragraph below]

Supply current is a function of supply voltage, switching
frequency, and load capacitance. Determine this value from
the "Typical Characteristics: Supply Current vs. Frequency"
graph or measure it in the actual application.

Do not allow P

to exceed P

D (max)

, below.

(junction temperature) is the sum of T

(ambient tempera-

ture) and the temperature rise across the thermal resistance
of the package. In another form:

150

220

where:

D (max)

= maximum power dissipation (W)

150 = absolute maximum junction temperature (

= ambient temperature (

C) [68

F = 20

220 = package thermal resistance (

C/W)

Maximum power dissipation at 20

C with the driver soldered

to a 0.25in

ground plane is approximately 600mW.

CTL

GND

PCB heat sink/

ground plane

PCB traces

Figure 4. Heat-Sink Plane

The SOT-143 package

(junction-to-ambient thermal re-

sistance) can be improved by using a heat sink larger than the
specified 0.25in

ground plane. Significant heat transfer

occurs through the large (GND) lead. This lead is an
extension of the paddle to which the die is attached.

High-Frequency Operation

Although the MIC4416/7 driver will operate at frequencies
greater than 1MHz, the MOSFET's capacitance and the load
will affect the output waveform (at the MOSFET's drain).

For example, an MIC4416/IRL3103 test circuit using a 47

5W load resistor will produce an output waveform that closely
matches the input signal shape up to about 500kHz. The
same test circuit with a 1k

load resistor operates only up to

about 25kHz before the MOSFET source waveform shows
significant change.

CTL

GND

MIC4416

+4.5V to 18V

Logic

Input

+5V

Logic-Level
MOSFET
IRL3103*

* International Rectifier

14m

, 30V MOSFET,

logic-level, V

20V max.

4.7µF

0.1µF

Compare

47k

, 5W

, 1/4W

loads

Slower rise time

observed at

MOSFET's drain

Figure 5. MOSFET Capacitance Effects at High

Switching Frequency

When the MOSFET is driven off, the slower rise occurs
because the MOSFET's output capacitance recharges through
the load resistance (RC circuit). A lower load resistance
allows the output to rise faster. For the fastest driver opera-
tion, choose the smallest power MOSFET that will safely
handle the desired voltage, current, and safety margin. The
smallest MOSFETs generally have the lowest capacitance.

MIC4416/4417

Micrel

MIC4416/4417

June 2001

Package Information

0.150 (0.0059)
0.089 (0.0035)

0.400 (0.016) TYP 3 PLACES

2.50 (0.098)
2.10 (0.083)

1.40 (0.055)
1.20 (0.047)

0.950 (0.0374) TYP

3.05 (0.120)
2.67 (0.105)

0.800 (0.031) TYP

1.12 (0.044)
0.81 (0.032)

0.10 (0.004)

0.013 (0.0005)

DIMENSIONS:

MM (INCH)

0.41 (0.016)
0.13 (0.005)

4-Pin SOT-143 (M4)

MICREL INC.

1849 FORTUNE DRIVE

SAN JOSE, CA 95131

USA

TEL

+ 1 (408) 944-0800

FAX

+ 1 (408) 944-0970

WEB

http://www.micrel.com

This information is believed to be accurate and reliable, however no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use nor for any infringement of patents or

other rights of third parties resulting from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent right of Micrel Inc.

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