LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
Precision Reference
General Description
The LM199 series are precision, temperature-stabilized
monolithic zeners offering temperature coefficients a factor
of ten better than high quality reference zeners. Constructed
on a single monolithic chip is a temperature stabilizer circuit
and an active reference zener. The active circuitry reduces
the dynamic impedance of the zener to about 0.5
and al-
lows the zener to operate over 0.5 mA to 10 mA current
range with essentially no change in voltage or temperature
coefficient. Further, a new subsurface zener structure gives
low noise and excellent long term stability compared to ordi-
nary monolithic zeners. The package is supplied with a ther-
mal shield to minimize heater power and improve tempera-
ture regulation.
The LM199 series references are exceptionally easy to use
and free of the problems that are often experienced with or-
dinary zeners. There is virtually no hysteresis in reference
voltage with temperature cycling. Also, the LM199 is free of
voltage shifts due to stress on the leads. Finally, since the
unit is temperature stabilized, warm up time is fast.
The LM199 can be used in almost any application in place of
ordinary zeners with improved performance. Some ideal ap-
plications are analog to digital converters, calibration stan-
dards, precision voltage or current sources or precision
power supplies. Further in many cases the LM199 can re-
place references in existing equipment with a minimum of
wiring changes.
The LM199 series devices are packaged in a standard her-
metic TO-46 package inside a thermal shield. The LM199 is
rated for operation from -55C to +125C while the LM299 is
rated for operation from -25C to +85C and the LM399 is
rated from 0C to +70C.
The LM3999 is packaged in a standard TO-92 package and
is rated from 0C to +70C
Features
n
Guaranteed 0.0001%/C temperature coefficient
n
Low dynamic impedance -- 0.5
n
Initial tolerance on breakdown voltage -- 2%
n
Sharp breakdown at 400 A
n
Wide operating current -- 500 A to 10 mA
n
Wide supply range for temperature stabilizer
n
Guaranteed low noise
n
Low power for stabilization -- 300 mW at 25C
n
Long term stability -- 20 ppm
n
Proven reliability, low-stress packaging in TO-46
integrated-circuit hermetic package, for low hysteresis
after thermal cycling. 33 million hours MTBF at T
A
=
+25C (T
J
= +86C)
n
Certified long term stability available
n
MIL-STD-883 compliant
Connection Diagrams
Metal Can Package (TO-46)
DS005717-14
Top View
LM199/LM299/LM399 (See Table on fourth page)
NS Package Number H04D
Plastic Package TO-92
DS005717-10
Bottom View
LM3999 (See Table on fourth page)
NS Package Number Z03A
May 1999
LM199/LM299/LM399/LM3999
Precision
Reference
1999 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS005717
www.national.com
Functional Block Diagrams
LM199/LM299/LM399
DS005717-15
LM3999
DS005717-11
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2
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Note 1)
Specifications for Military/Aerospace products are not
contained in this datasheet. Refer to the following Reli-
ability
Electrical
Test
Specifications
documents:
RETS199X for LM199, RETS199AX for LM199A.
Temperature Stabilizer Voltage
LM199/LM299/LM399
40V
LM3999
36V
Reverse Breakdown Current
20 mA
Forward Current
LM199/LM299/LM399
1 mA
LM3999
-0.1 mA
Reference to Substrate Voltage V
(RS)
(Note 2)
40V
-0.1V
Operating Temperature Range
LM199
-55C to +125C
LM299
-25C to +85C
LM399/LM3999
-0C to +70C
Storage Temperature Range
-55C to +150C
Soldering Information
TO-92 package (10 sec.)
+260C
TO-46 package (10 sec.)
+300C
Electrical Characteristics
(Notes 3, 6)
Parameter
Conditions
LM199H/LM299H
LM399H
Units
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
0.5 mA
I
R
10 mA
6.8
6.95
7.1
6.6
6.95
7.3
V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
0.5 mA
I
R
10 mA
6
9
6
12
mV
Change with Current
Reverse Dynamic Impedance
I
R
= 1 mA
0.5
1
0.5
1.5
Reverse Breakdown
-55C
T
A
+85C
LM199
0.00003
0.0001
%/C
Temperature Coefficient
+85C
T
A
+125C
0.0005
0.0015
%/C
-25C
T
A
85C
LM299
0.00003
0.0001
%/C
0C
T
A
+70C
LM399
0.00003
0.0002
%/C
RMS Noise
10 Hz
f
10 kHz
7
20
7
50
V
Long Term Stability
Stabilized, 22C
T
A
28C,
20
20
ppm
1000 Hours, I
R
=1 mA
0.1%
Temperature Stabilizer
T
A
=25C, Still Air, V
S
=30V
8.5
14
8.5
15
mA
Supply Current
T
A
=- 55C
22
28
Temperature Stabilizer
9
40
9
40
V
Supply Voltage
Warm-Up Time to 0.05%
V
S
= 30V, T
A
= 25C
3
3
sec.
Initial Turn-on Current
9
V
S
40, T
A
=+25C, (Note 4)
140
200
140
200
mA
Note 1: "Absolute Maximum Ratings" indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits.
Electrical Characteristics
(Note 3)
Parameter
Conditions
LM3999Z
Units
Min
Typ
Max
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
0.6 mA
I
R
10 mA
6.6
6.95
7.3
V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
0.6 mA
I
R
10 mA
6
20
mV
Change with Current
Reverse Dynamic Impedance
I
R
= 1 mA
0.6
2.2
Reverse Breakdown
0C
T
A
70C
0.0002
0.0005
%/C
Temperature Coefficient
RMS Noise
10 Hz
f
10 kHz
7
V
Long Term Stability
Stabilized, 22C
T
A
28C,
20
ppm
1000 Hours, I
R
= 1 mA
0.1%
Temperature Stabilizer
T
A
= 25C, Still Air, V
S
= 30V
12
18
mA
Temperature Stabilizer
36
V
Supply Voltage
Warm-Up Time to 0.05%
V
S
= 30V, T
A
= 25C
5
sec.
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3
Electrical Characteristics
(Note 3) (Continued)
Parameter
Conditions
LM3999Z
Units
Min
Typ
Max
Initial Turn-On Current
9
V
S
40, T
A
= 25C
140
200
mA
Electrical Characteristics
(Notes 3, 6)
Parameter
Conditions
LM199AH, LM299AH
LM399AH
Units
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Typ
Max
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
0.5 mA
I
R
10 mA
6.8
6.95
7.1
6.6
6.95
7.3
V
Reverse Breakdown Voltage
0.5 mA
I
R
10 mA
6
9
6
12
mV
Change with Current
Reverse Dynamic Impedance
I
R
= 1 mA
0.5
1
0.5
1.5
Reverse Breakdown
-55C
T
A
+85C
LM199A
0.00002
0.00005
%/C
Temperature Coefficient
+85C
T
A
+125C
0.0005
0.0010
%/C
-25C
T
A
85C
LM299A
0.00002
0.00005
%/C
0C
T
A
+70C
LM399A
0.00003
0.0001
%/C
RMS Noise
10 Hz
f
10 kHz
7
20
7
50
V
Long Term Stability
Stabilized, 22C
T
A
28C,
20
20
ppm
1000 Hours, I
R
=1 mA
0.1%
Temperature Stabilizer
T
A
=25C, Still Air, V
S
=30V
8.5
14
8.5
15
mA
Supply Current
T
A
=- 55C
22
28
Temperature Stabilizer
9
40
9
40
V
Supply Voltage
Warm-Up Time to 0.05%
V
S
= 30V, T
A
= 25C
3
3
sec.
Initial Turn-on Current
9
V
S
40, T
A
=+25C, (Note 4)
140
200
140
200
mA
Note 2: The substrate is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the temperature stabilizer. The voltage that can be applied to either terminal of the refer-
ence is 40V more positive or 0.1V more negative than the substrate.
Note 3: These specifications apply for 30V applied to the temperature stabilizer and -55C
T
A
+125C for the LM199; -25C
T
A
+85C for the LM299 and
0C
T
A
+70C for the LM399 and LM3999.
Note 4: This initial current can be reduced by adding an appropriate resistor and capacitor to the heater circuit. See the performance characteristic graphs to de-
termine values.
Note 5: Do not wash the LM199 with its polysulfone thermal shield in TCE.
Note 6: A military RETS electrical test specification is available for the LM199H/883, LM199AH/883, and LM199AH-20/883 on request.
Ordering Information
Initial
0C to +70C
-25C to +85C
-55C to +125C
NS
Tolerance
Package
2%
LM299AH
LM199AH, LM199AH/883
H04D
5%
LM399H
LM299H
H04D
LM399AH
5%
LM3999Z
Z03A
Certified Long Term Drift
The National Semiconductor LM199AH-20, LM299AH-20,
and LM399AH-50 are ultra-stable Zener references specially
selected from the production runs of LM199AH, LM299AH,
LM399AH and tested to confirm a long-term stability of 20,
20, or 50 ppm per 1000 hours, respectively. The devices are
measured every 168 hours and the voltage of each device is
logged and compared in such a way as to show the deviation
from its initial value. Each measurement is taken with a
probable-worst-case deviation of
2 ppm, compared to the
Reference Voltage, which is derived from several groups of
NBS-traceable references such as LM199AH-20's, 1N827's,
and saturated standard cells, so that the deviation of any one
group will not cause false indications. Indeed, this compari-
son process has recently been automated using a specially
prepared computer program which is custom-designed to re-
ject noisy data (and require a repeat reading) and to record
the average of the best 5 of 7 readings, just as a sagacious
standards engineer will reject unbelievable readings.
The typical characteristic for the LM199AH-20 is shown be-
low. This computerized print-out form of each reference's
stability is shipped with the unit.
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4
Typical Characteristics
National Semiconductor
Certified Long Term Drift
Hrs
Drift
168
-20
336
-24
504
-36
672
-34
840
-40
1008
-36
Testing Conditions
Heater Voltage:
30V
Zener Current:
1 mA
Ambient Temp.:
25C
Typical Performance Characteristics
DS005717-12
Reverse Characteristics
DS005717-19
Reverse Voltage Change
DS005717-20
Dynamic Impedance
DS005717-21
Zener Noise Voltage
DS005717-22
Stabilization Time
DS005717-23
Heater Current
DS005717-24
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