LM35
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
General Description
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature
sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the
Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an
advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in
Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centi-
grade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external
calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of
1
/
4
C
at room temperature and
3
/
4
C over a full -55 to +150C
temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and
calibration at the wafer level. The LM35's low output imped-
ance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make
interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It
can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and
minus supplies. As it draws only 60 A from its supply, it has
very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 is
rated to operate over a -55 to +150C temperature range,
while the LM35C is rated for a -40 to +110C range (-10
with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available pack-
aged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the
LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the
plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also avail-
able in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and a
plastic TO-220 package.
Features
n
Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)
n
Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor
n
0.5C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25C)
n
Rated for full -55 to +150C range
n
Suitable for remote applications
n
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
n
Operates from 4 to 30 volts
n
Less than 60 A current drain
n
Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air
n
Nonlinearity only
1
/
4
C typical
n
Low impedance output, 0.1
for 1 mA load
Typical Applications
DS005516-3
FIGURE 1. Basic Centigrade Temperature Sensor
(+2C to +150C)
DS005516-4
Choose R
1
= -V
S
/50 A
V
OUT
=+1,500 mV at +150C
= +250 mV at +25C
= -550 mV at -55C
FIGURE 2. Full-Range Centigrade Temperature Sensor
November 2000
LM35
Precision
Centigrade
T
emperature
Sensors
2000 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS005516
www.national.com
Connection Diagrams
TO-46
Metal Can Package*
DS005516-1
*Case is connected to negative pin (GND)
Order Number LM35H, LM35AH, LM35CH, LM35CAH or
LM35DH
See NS Package Number H03H
TO-92
Plastic Package
DS005516-2
Order Number LM35CZ,
LM35CAZ or LM35DZ
See NS Package Number Z03A
SO-8
Small Outline Molded Package
DS005516-21
N.C. = No Connection
Top View
Order Number LM35DM
See NS Package Number M08A
TO-220
Plastic Package*
DS005516-24
*Tab is connected to the negative pin (GND).
Note:
The LM35DT pinout is different than the discontinued LM35DP.
Order Number LM35DT
See NS Package Number TA03F
LM35
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2
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Note 10)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage
+35V to -0.2V
Output Voltage
+6V to -1.0V
Output Current
10 mA
Storage Temp.;
TO-46 Package,
-60C to +180C
TO-92 Package,
-60C to +150C
SO-8 Package,
-65C to +150C
TO-220 Package,
-65C to +150C
Lead Temp.:
TO-46 Package,
(Soldering, 10 seconds)
300C
TO-92 and TO-220 Package,
(Soldering, 10 seconds)
260C
SO Package (Note 12)
Vapor Phase (60 seconds)
215C
Infrared (15 seconds)
220C
ESD Susceptibility (Note 11)
2500V
Specified Operating Temperature Range: T
MIN
to T
MAX
(Note 2)
LM35, LM35A
-55C to +150C
LM35C, LM35CA
-40C to +110C
LM35D
0C to +100C
Electrical Characteristics
(Notes 1, 6)
LM35A
LM35CA
Parameter
Conditions
Tested
Design
Tested
Design
Units
Typical
Limit
Limit
Typical
Limit
Limit
(Max.)
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
Accuracy
T
A
=+25C
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.5
C
(Note 7)
T
A
=-10C
0.3
0.3
1.0
C
T
A
=T
MAX
0.4
1.0
0.4
1.0
C
T
A
=T
MIN
0.4
1.0
0.4
1.5
C
Nonlinearity
T
MIN
T
A
T
MAX
0.18
0.35
0.15
0.3
C
(Note 8)
Sensor Gain
T
MIN
T
A
T
MAX
+10.0
+9.9,
+10.0
+9.9,
mV/C
(Average Slope)
+10.1
+10.1
Load Regulation
T
A
=+25C
0.4
1.0
0.4
1.0
mV/mA
(Note 3) 0
I
L
1 mA
T
MIN
T
A
T
MAX
0.5
3.0
0.5
3.0
mV/mA
Line Regulation
T
A
=+25C
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.05
mV/V
(Note 3)
4V
V
S
30V
0.02
0.1
0.02
0.1
mV/V
Quiescent Current
V
S
=+5V, +25C
56
67
56
67
A
(Note 9)
V
S
=+5V
105
131
91
114
A
V
S
=+30V, +25C
56.2
68
56.2
68
A
V
S
=+30V
105.5
133
91.5
116
A
Change of
4V
V
S
30V, +25C
0.2
1.0
0.2
1.0
A
Quiescent Current
4V
V
S
30V
0.5
2.0
0.5
2.0
A
(Note 3)
Temperature
+0.39
+0.5
+0.39
+0.5
A/C
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Minimum Temperature
In circuit of
+1.5
+2.0
+1.5
+2.0
C
for Rated Accuracy
Figure 1, I
L
=0
Long Term Stability
T
J
=T
MAX
, for
0.08
0.08
C
1000 hours
LM35
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3
Electrical Characteristics
(Notes 1, 6)
LM35
LM35C, LM35D
Parameter
Conditions
Tested
Design
Tested
Design
Units
Typical
Limit
Limit
Typical
Limit
Limit
(Max.)
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
(Note 4)
(Note 5)
Accuracy,
T
A
=+25C
0.4
1.0
0.4
1.0
C
LM35, LM35C
T
A
=-10C
0.5
0.5
1.5
C
(Note 7)
T
A
=T
MAX
0.8
1.5
0.8
1.5
C
T
A
=T
MIN
0.8
1.5
0.8
2.0
C
Accuracy, LM35D
(Note 7)
T
A
=+25C
0.6
1.5
C
T
A
=T
MAX
0.9
2.0
C
T
A
=T
MIN
0.9
2.0
C
Nonlinearity
T
MIN
T
A
T
MAX
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.5
C
(Note 8)
Sensor Gain
T
MIN
T
A
T
MAX
+10.0
+9.8,
+10.0
+9.8,
mV/C
(Average Slope)
+10.2
+10.2
Load Regulation
T
A
=+25C
0.4
2.0
0.4
2.0
mV/mA
(Note 3) 0
I
L
1 mA
T
MIN
T
A
T
MAX
0.5
5.0
0.5
5.0
mV/mA
Line Regulation
T
A
=+25C
0.01
0.1
0.01
0.1
mV/V
(Note 3)
4V
V
S
30V
0.02
0.2
0.02
0.2
mV/V
Quiescent Current
V
S
=+5V, +25C
56
80
56
80
A
(Note 9)
V
S
=+5V
105
158
91
138
A
V
S
=+30V, +25C
56.2
82
56.2
82
A
V
S
=+30V
105.5
161
91.5
141
A
Change of
4V
V
S
30V, +25C
0.2
2.0
0.2
2.0
A
Quiescent Current
4V
V
S
30V
0.5
3.0
0.5
3.0
A
(Note 3)
Temperature
+0.39
+0.7
+0.39
+0.7
A/C
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Minimum Temperature
In circuit of
+1.5
+2.0
+1.5
+2.0
C
for Rated Accuracy
Figure 1, I
L
=0
Long Term Stability
T
J
=T
MAX
, for
0.08
0.08
C
1000 hours
Note 1: Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply: -55C
T
J
+150C for the LM35 and LM35A; -40
T
J
+110C for the LM35C and LM35CA; and
0
T
J
+100C for the LM35D. V
S
=+5Vdc and I
LOAD
=50 A, in the circuit of
Figure 2
. These specifications also apply from +2C to T
MAX
in the circuit of
Figure 1
.
Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 2: Thermal resistance of the TO-46 package is 400C/W, junction to ambient, and 24C/W junction to case. Thermal resistance of the TO-92 package is
180C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the small outline molded package is 220C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the TO-220 package
is 90C/W junction to ambient. For additional thermal resistance information see table in the Applications section.
Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be
computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance.
Note 4: Tested Limits are guaranteed and 100% tested in production.
Note 5: Design Limits are guaranteed (but not 100% production tested) over the indicated temperature and supply voltage ranges. These limits are not used to
calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 6: Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 7: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10mv/C times the device's case temperature, at specified conditions of voltage, current,
and temperature (expressed in C).
Note 8: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the device's rated temperature
range.
Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of
Figure 1
.
Note 10: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating
the device beyond its rated operating conditions. See Note 1.
Note 11: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 k
resistor.
Note 12: See AN-450 "Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability" or the section titled "Surface Mount" found in a current National
Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.
LM35
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4
Typical Performance Characteristics
Thermal Resistance
Junction to Air
DS005516-25
Thermal Time Constant
DS005516-26
Thermal Response
in Still Air
DS005516-27
Thermal Response in
Stirred Oil Bath
DS005516-28
Minimum Supply
Voltage vs. Temperature
DS005516-29
Quiescent Current
vs. Temperature
(In Circuit of
Figure 1.)
DS005516-30
Quiescent Current
vs. Temperature
(In Circuit of
Figure 2.)
DS005516-31
Accuracy vs. Temperature
(Guaranteed)
DS005516-32
Accuracy vs. Temperature
(Guaranteed)
DS005516-33
LM35
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