File: 400-1543-001a.doc

2002.08.03 rev

Virtual Wire

Development Kit Manual for DR1200A-DK and DR1201A-DK

Virtual Wire

Development Kit Hardware Warranty

Special Notices

1 Virtual Wire

Development Kit Introduction

1.1

Purpose of the Virtual Wire

Development Kit

1.2

Intended

User

1.3 General Description

1.4

Key

Features

1.5

Development

Kit

Contents

2 Low-Power Wireless Data Communications

2.1

Operational

Considerations

2.2

Regulations

2.3

Example

Applications

2.4

FAQs

3 Developing a Virtual Wire

Application

3.1

Simulating

the

Application

3.2

I/O and Power Considerations

3.3

Communications

Protocol

3.4

Antenna

Considerations

3.5

Internal

Noise

Management

3.6

Final

Product

Testing

3.7

Regulatory

Certification

Regulatory

Authority

Product

Certification

Testing

4 Installation and Operation

4.1

Development Kit Assembly Instructions

4.2

Data

Radio

Board

Antenna

Options

4.3

Protocol Board

RS232

Interface

LED

Functions

Host

Program

Installation

5 Theory of Operation

5.1

Data

Radio

Boards

I/O

Interface

TR1000/TR1001

ASH

Transceiver

Specifications

5.2

Protocol

Board

I/O

Interface

RS232

Interface

Protocol

Microcontroller

CMOS/RS232

Level

Converter

Specifications
5.3

Protocol Firmware

A Drawings

ASH Receiver Block Diagram & Timing Cycle

ASH

Transceiver

Block

Diagram

Antenna

Mounting

DR1200A and DR1201A Data Radio Schematic
DR1200A and DR1201A Data Radio Bill of Materials
DR1200A and DR1201A Data Radio Component Placement
916.5 MHz Test Antenna Drawing
868.35 MHz Test Antenna Drawing
PB1001-2 Protocol Board Schematic
PB1001-2 Protocol Board Component Placement
PB1001-2 Protocol Board Bill of Materials

Virtual Wire

Development Kit Hardware Warranty

Limited Hardware Warranty. RF Monolithics, Inc. ("RFM") warrants solely to the purchaser that the

hardware components of the Virtual Wire� Development Kit (the "Kit") will be free from defects in materials

and workmanship under normal use for a period of 90 days from the date of shipment by RFM. This limited

warranty does not extend to any components which have been subjected to misuse, neglect, accident, or

improper installation or application. RFM's entire liability and the purchaser's sole and exclusive remedy for

the breach of this Limited Hardware Warranty shall be, at RFM's option, when accompanied by a valid

receipt, either (i) repair or replacement of the defective components or (ii) upon return of the defective Kit,

refund of the purchase price paid for the Kit. EXCEPT FOR THE LIMITED HARDWARE WARRANTY SET

FORTH ABOVE, RFM AND ITS LICENSORS PROVIDE THE HARDWARE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND

WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING BUT

NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR

FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties,

so the above exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also

have other rights which vary from state to state.

Limitation of Liability. IN NO EVENT SHALL RFM OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY

DAMAGES (WHETHER SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHERWISE) IN EXCESS OF

THE PRICE ACTUALLY PAID BY YOU TO RFM FOR THE KIT, REGARDLESS OF UNDER WHAT

LEGAL THEORY, TORT, OR CONTRACT SUCH DAMAGES MAY BE ALLEGED (INCLUDING,

WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY CLAIMS, DAMAGES, OR LIABILITIES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS

PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, OR FOR INJURY TO

PERSON OR PROPERTY) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE KIT, EVEN IF RFM

HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT

ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL

DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

Special notice on restricted use of Virtual Wire

Development Kits

Virtual Wire� Development Kits are intended for use solely by professional engineers for the purpose of

evaluating the feasibility of low-power wireless data communications applications. The user's evaluation

must be limited to use of an assembled Kit within a laboratory setting which provides for adequate

shielding of RF emission which might be caused by operation of the Kit following assembly. In field testing,

the assembled device must not be operated in a residential area or any area where radio devices might be

subject to harmful electrical interference. This Kit has not been certified for use by the FCC in accord with

Part 15, or to ETSI I-ETS 300 220 regulations, or other known standards of operation governing radio

emissions. Distribution and sale of the Kit is intended solely for use in future development of devices

which may be subject to FCC regulation, or other authorities governing radio emission. This Kit may not

be resold by users for any purpose. Accordingly, operation of the Kit in the development of future devices

is deemed within the discretion of the user and the user shall have all responsibility for any compliance

with any FCC regulation or other authority governing radio emission of such development or use, including

without limitation reducing electrical interference to legally acceptable levels. All products developed by

user must be approved by the FCC or other authority governing radio emission prior to marketing or sale

of such products and user bears all responsibility for obtaining the FCC's prior approval, or approval as

needed from any other authority governing radio emission.

If user has obtained the Kit for any purpose not identified above, including all conditions of assembly and

use, user should return Kit to RF Monolithics, Inc. immediately.

The Kit is an experimental device, and RFM makes no representation with respect to the adequacy of the

Kit in developing low-power wireless data communications applications or systems, nor for the adequacy

of such design or result. RFM does not and cannot warrant that the functioning of the Kit will be

uninterrupted or error-free.

The Kit and products based on the technology in the Kit operate on shared radio channels. Radio

interference can occur in any place at any time, and thus the communications link may not be absolutely

reliable. Products using Virtual Wire� technology must be designed so that a loss of communications due

to radio interference or otherwise will not endanger either people or property, and will not cause the loss of

valuable data. RFM assumes no liability for the performance of products which are designed or created

using the Kit. RFM products are not suitable for use in life-support applications, biological hazard

applications, nuclear control applications, or radioactive areas.

RFM and Virtual Wire are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc. MS-DOS, QuickBASIC, Visual

Basic and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

1 Virtual Wire� Development Kit Introduction

1.1 Purpose of Virtual Wire

Development Kits

Virtual Wire

Development Kits are tools for evaluating the feasibility of low-power

wireless data communications applications. These kits also facilitates the development

of actual systems. In addition, the modules in these kit are available from RF

Monolithics, Inc. (RFM) for use in system manufacturing.

1.2 Intended Kit User

Virtual Wire

Development Kits are intended for use by professional engineers with a

working knowledge of data communications. The kits themselves are not intended as

end products, or for use by individuals that do not have a professional background in

data communications. Please refer to the Special Notices section in the front of this

manual.

1.3 General Description

Virtual Wire

Development Kits allow the user to implement low-power wireless

communications based on half-duplex packet transmissions. These kits contain the

hardware and software needed to establish a wireless link between two Windows-

based computers with RS232C serial ports. The kits includes two communications

nodes, with each node consisting of a data radio board and host protocol board, plus

accessories. The DR1200A-DK kit operates at 916.5 MHz, and the DR1201A-DK

operates at 868.35 MHz. These kits are configured to demonstrate relatively long

operating distances (100 to 200 meters outdoors depending on the antenna used) and

high noise immunity at an "air rate" of 2000 bps. They also demonstrate "EMC robust"

PCB layout techniques required by European applications that must meet ETSI EN 301

489 EMC Class 2 criteria. See RFM's web site for details on the DR2000-DK and

DR2001-DK development kits for high data rate applications.

1.4 Key Features

These Virtual Wire

Development Kits includes a number of key features:

� "Out of the box" operation between two Windows-based PC's

� 3 Vdc low-current UHF data radio transceivers (916.5 or 868.35 MHz)

� Excellent receiver off-channel interference rejection

� Wide dynamic range receiver log detection for resistance to on-channel interference

� Reference antennas

� 4.5 Vdc low-current protocol boards based on an ATMEL AT89C2051

microcontroller

� On-board CMOS logic to RS232C level conversion with bypass provisions for direct

CMOS logic interface

� Packet link-layer protocol with ISO3309 error detection and automatic packet

retransmission; up to 24 message bytes per packet

� DC-balanced data coding and PLL-based "integrate and dump" data recovery for

robust link performance

� Simple host-protocol interface with host and protocol source code examples

� Diagnostic LEDs for system performance evaluation

1.5 Development Kit Contents

� Two data radio transceiver boards

� Two host protocol boards

� Two antennas

� CD containing Manuals, Designer's Guides, Data Sheets and Software

� Quick Start Guide

2 Low-Power Wireless Applications

2.1 Operational Considerations

Low-power wireless (RF) systems typically transmit from 0.0001 to 10 mW of power,

and operate over distances of 3 to 200 meters. Once certified to comply with local

communications regulations, they do not require a license or "air-time fee" for

operation. There are more than 100 million systems manufactured each year that utilize

low-power wireless for security, control and data transmission. Many new applications

for low-power wireless are emerging, and sales are expected to top 200 million systems

per year by the middle of the decade.

The classical uses for low-power wireless systems are one-way remote control and

alarm links, including garage door openers, automotive "keyless entry" transmitters, and

home security systems. Recently, a strong interest has developed in two-way data

communications applications. These low-power wireless systems are used to eliminate

nuisance cables on all types of digital products, much as cordless phones have

eliminated cumbersome phone wires. RFM's Virtual Wire

Development Kits are

intended to support the design of these types of low-power wireless applications.

Most low-power wireless systems operate with few interference problems. However,

these systems operate on shared radio channels, so interference can occur at any

place and at any time.

Products that incorporate low-power wireless communications must be designed so that

a loss of communication due to radio interference or any other reason does not create a

dangerous situation, damage equipment or property, or cause loss of valuable data.

2.2 Regulations

While low-power wireless products do not have to be individually licensed, they are

subject to regulation. Before low-power wireless systems can be marketed in most

countries, they must be certified to comply with specific technical regulations. In the US,

the FCC issues this certification. In most of Europe and Scandinavia, certification is

based on ETSI standards, etc.

While technical regulations vary from country to country, they follow the same general

philosophy of assuring that low-power wireless systems will not significantly interfere

with licensed radio systems. Regulations specify limitations on fundamental power,

harmonic and spurious emission levels, transmitter frequency stability, and transmission

bandwidth.

2.3 Example Applications

Applications for low-power wireless data communications are growing very rapidly. The

following list of example applications demonstrates the diversity of uses for low-power

wireless technology:

� Wireless bar-code readers and bar-code label printers
� Smart ID tags for inventory tracking and identification
� Wireless automatic utility meter reading systems
� Wireless credit card readers and receipt printers for car rentals, restaurants, etc.
� Communications links for hand-held terminals, HPCs, PDAs, and peripherals
� Portable and field data logging
� Location tracking (follow-me phone extensions, etc.)
� Sports and medical telemetry (non life support)
� Surveying system data links
� Engine diagnostic links
� Polled wireless security alarm sensors

� Authentication and access control tags
� Arcade games

2.4 FAQs

1. Why does the Virtual Wire

Development Kit include a packet protocol

microcontroller? Why not connect the data radio board directly to a computer serial

port?

You can hook a data radio board directly to a computer serial port (using an RS232

to 3 V CMOS level converter). However, the results are not likely to be satisfactory.

First, error detection is limited to byte parity checking, which will let many errors go

undetected. Also, the DC balance in the data can be very poor, which will greatly

reduce the data radio's range.

Packet protocol is used extensively in two-way data communications. For example,

the Internet and digital cellular phones use packet transmissions. While there are

many packet protocols in use, they all provide a basic set of features, including an

effective means for transmission error detection, and routing support (such as a "to"

and "from" address). This allows error free data communications to be performed in

a highly automatic way. The protocol microcontroller used in the Virtual Wire

Development Kit provides error detection and automatic message retransmission,

message routing, link failure alarms and DC-balanced packet coding.

2. What is the operating range of my low-power wireless systems?

Testing in an electrically quiet outdoor location, we can easily communicate more

than 100 meters with the DR1200A-DK and DR1201A-DK. However, operating

range in a given situation is influenced by building construction materials and

contents when indoors, and by other radio systems operating in the vicinity, and

noise generated by nearby equipment. The Virtual Wire

Development Kit can be

taken into a target environment and used to help gain a sense of operating range for

the proposed system. See the Appendix in the ASH Transceiver Designer's Guide

for additional information.

3. Can I communicate between more than two nodes in the same location with a low-

power communications link?

Yes. One of the benefits of packet transmissions in channel sharing. In the case of

these Virtual Wire

Development Kits, each protocol board can recognize 12

addresses. For example, node 1 can be transmitting bar-code readings to node 2 while

node 4 is transmitting bar-codes to node 7 in the same location. So long as the average

channel usage is less than about 10-12%, randomly transmitted messages will get

though without excessive transmission "collisions" and transmission retries.

3 Developing a Virtual Wire

Application

3.1 Simulating the Application

There are hundreds of potential applications for short-range wireless communications

links. Because there can be so many different variables in a potential application,

simulating the application is often the best way to gain insight into its feasibility. Virtual

Wire

Development Kits can be very helpful in simulating potential applications. The

following simulation check list covers issues common to most low-power wireless

applications. The user should also consider what other specific issues apply to the

application being simulated:

� Maximum operating range required
� Type of operating environment (outdoor, indoor, indoor building construction, etc.)
� Number of nodes (transceivers) required in the application
� Node interaction (communications between pairs of nodes only, one master node

and several slave nodes, communications between any two nodes, etc.)

� Possible on-channel interference/noise sources (ISM equipment, electrical

equipment, etc.)

� Channel usage (average and peak number of messages expected in a given period

of time, average message transmission/acknowledgment duration, average

percentage of time the channel is in use, etc.)

� Message characteristics (average and maximum length; message type such as

data, telemetry, control codes, etc.)

� Antenna logistics (omnidirectional, directional, hidden, etc.)
� Environmental considerations

Indoor radio propagation is an issue for special consideration. In most indoor locations,

"dead spots" can be found where reception is very difficult. These can occur even if

there appears to be a line of sight relationship between two nodes. These "dead spots",

or nulls, are due to multiple transmission paths existing between two locations because

of reflections off objects such as steel beams, concrete rebar, metal door, window and

ceiling tile frames, etc. Nulls occur when the path lengths effectively differ by an odd

half-wavelength. Deep nulls are usually very localized, and can be avoided by moving

either node slightly.

Diversity reception techniques are very helpful in reducing indoor null problems. Many

low-power wireless systems involve communications between a master and multiple

slave units. In this case, the master transmission can be sent twice; first from one

master and then again from a second master in a slightly different location. The nulls for

each master will tend to be in different locations, so a slave is very likely to hear the

transmission from one or the other master. Likewise, a transmission from a slave is

likely to be heard by at least one of the masters. Hand-held applications usually involve

some movement, so automatic packet retransmission often succeeds in completing the

transmission as hand motion moves the node through the null and back into a good

transmission point. Diversity reception should be considered when covering indoor

areas larger than about 20 by 20 meters or where the indoor space is broken into many

cubicles, booths, aisles, offices, etc.

3.2 I/O and Power Considerations

The DR1200A and DR1201A Data Radio boards require a DC power supply in the range

of 2.7 to 3.3 Vdc with less than 10 mV of ripple, and a peak current capability of up to

15 mA. Quiescent current in the receive mode is approximately 3.5 mA. The average

current with an RF signal being transmitted is approximately 6 mA and the peak current in

the RF transmit mode is approximately 12 mA. Applying more than 3.6 Vdc to the Data

Radio boards or reversing the polarity of the supply voltage will permanently damage

them (note that the Protocol Board operates from 4.5 Vdc but supplies 3 Vdc to the Data

Radio board). Another concern is ESD as static-sensitive devices are used on the Data

Radio board.

3.3 Communications Protocol

Almost all two-way wireless data communications use some form of packet protocol to

automatically assure information is received correctly at the correct destination. The

protocol provided with these Virtual Wire

Development Kits is a link-layer protocol,

and includes the following features:

� 16-bit ISO3309 error detection calculation to test message integrity
� 4-bit TO/FROM address routing with up to 12 different node addresses available
� ASCII or binary message support (using Internet SLIP style framing substitutions for

binary messages where needed), up to 24 payload bytes per packet

� Automatic packet retransmission until acknowledgment is received; 8 retries with

variable back-off delays plus "acknowledge" and "link failure" alarm messages.

The kit CD includes a Visual Basic program with source code to provide an example of

interfacing host (application) software to this Virtual Wire

link layer protocol. The

protocol software does not require or support hardware flow control, so the host

software does some timekeeping to interface the protocol software. Both the protocol

and host software are discussed in the ASH Transceiver Software Designer's Guide on

the CD. Users familiar with hardwired packet networks may consider the 24 message

bytes per packet limit quite small. Packets sent by low-power wireless systems are kept

deliberately short to improve performance where on-channel burst interference and low

signal-to-noise conditions are often encountered.

3.4 Antenna Considerations

Suitable antennas are crucial to the success of a Virtual Wire

application. Here are

several key points to consider in designing antennas for your application:

� Where possible, the antenna should be placed on the outside of the product. Also,

try to place the antenna on the top of the product. If the product is "body worn", try to

get the antenna away for the body as far as practical.

� Regulatory agencies prefer antennas that are permanently fixed to the product.

Antennas can be supplied with a cable, provided a non-standard connector is used

to discourage antenna substitution (these connectors are often referred to as

"Part 15" connectors).

� An antenna can not be placed inside a metal case, as the case will shield it. Also,

some plastics (and coatings) significantly attenuate RF signals and these materials

should not be used for product cases where the antenna is inside the case.

� The antenna designs used in the kit are included in the Drawings section of the

manual. Many other antenna designs are possible, but efficient antenna

development requires access to antenna test equipment such as a vector network

analyzer, calibrated test antenna, antenna range, etc. Unless you have access to

this type of equipment, consider using a standardized antenna design or antenna

design consultant. Contact RFM's applications engineering group for additional

information.

� A patch or slot antenna can be used in some applications where an external

antenna would be subject to damage. These types of antennas usually have to be

designed on a case-by-case basis.

3.5 Internal Noise Management

RF transceivers operating under FCC Part 15 and similar regulations are sensitive to

noise at their operating frequency, because the desired signals must be transmitted at low

power levels. Commonly encountered internal noise sources are microprocessors (both

for control functions and computer functions), brush-type motors and high-speed logic

circuits. If the rise time and fall time of the clocking pulses in a microprocessor are fast

enough to produce harmonics in the frequency range of the receiver and the harmonics

actually fall within the passband of the receiver, then special care must be taken to

reduce the level of the harmonic at the antenna port of the receiver. It is best to choose a

different microprocessor crystal frequency to avoid this problem. If the engineer has the

option, he should choose a microprocessor that has the slowest rise and fall time he can

use for the application to avoid the troublesome harmonics in the UHF band. If possible,

brush-type motors should be avoided, since arcing of the brushes on the commutator

makes a very effective spark-gap transmitter. If it is necessary to use a brush-type motor,

spark suppression techniques should be used. Such motors can be purchased with spark

suppression built-in. If the motor does not have built-in spark suppression, bypass

capacitors, series resistors and shielding may have to be employed. High-speed logic

circuits produce noise similar to microprocessors. Once again, the engineer should use

logic with the slowest rise and fall times that will work for his application.

The items listed below should be considered for an application that has one or more of

the above noise sources included:

� Locate the RF transceiver and its antenna as far from the noise source as possible.
� If the transceiver must be enclosed with the noise source, remotely locate the antenna

using a coaxial cable.

� Terminate high-speed logic circuits with their characteristic impedance and use

microstrip interconnect lines designed for that impedance.

� Keep PCB traces and wires that carry high-speed logic signals or supply brush-type

motors as short as possible. Such lines act as antennas that radiate the unwanted

noise.

� If possible, enclose the noise source in a grounded metal box and use RF decoupling

on the input/output lines.

� Avoid using the same power lines for the RF transceiver and the noise source or at

least thoroughly filter (RF decouple) such power lines. It is advisable to use separate

voltage regulators.

� If the antenna cannot be remotely located, place it as far from the noise source as

possible (on the opposite end of the printed circuit board). Orient the antenna such

that its axis is in the same plane with the printed circuit board containing the noise

source. Do not run wires that supply the noise source in close proximity to the

antenna.

3.6 Final Product Testing

Any wireless data communications system must be thoroughly tested due to the

"anything can happen in any sequence" nature of wireless communications. It is highly

recommended that beta sites be chosen for operational system testing which represent

the "limit" situations the system can be expected to operate in.

Testing for regulatory certification is discussed in Section 3.7. It is recommended that

the user either establish an RF test range or a working relationship with a recognized

test lab early in the system development phase, to allow for periodic evaluation of the

system's emissions during development. Many labs are experienced in solving radiation

problems that cause certification test failures and/or jamming of the low-power wireless

link. Identifying these types of problems early can save a lot of development time.

3.7 Regulatory Certification

Regulatory Authority - Worldwide, man-made electromagnetic emissions are controlled

by international treaty and the ITU (International Telecommunications Union) committee

recommendations. These treaties require countries within a geographical region to use

comparable tables for channel allocations and emission limits, to assure that all users

can operate with reasonable levels of interference.

Recognizing a need to protect their limited frequency resources, many countries have

additional local laws, regulations and government decrees for acceptable emission

levels from various electronic equipment, both military and commercial. By requiring

that each model of equipment be tested and an authorization permit issued, a

government works to control the sale of problematical equipment and also has record of

the known manufacturers.

Enforcement and expectation of the local law varies, of course. USA, Canada, and

most European countries have adopted ITU tables for their respective radio regions.

Australia, Hong Kong and Japan also have extensive rules and regulations for low

power transmitters and receivers, but with significant differences in the tables for that

radio region. Most other countries have less formal regulations, often modeled on either

USA or EU regulations.

In any country, it is important to contact the Ministry of Telecommunications or Postal

Services to determine any local limitations, allocations, or certifications PRIOR to

assembling or testing your first product.

These laws and requirements are applicable to the finished product, in the configuration

that it will be sold the general public or the end user. OEM components often can not be

certified, since they require additional non-standard attachments before they have any

functional purpose.

Unless otherwise marked, RFM Virtual Wire

Development Kit modules have not been

certified to any particular set of regulations. Each module has suggested countries for

use, depending on current allocations and technical limits. Emissions from receivers

can be an unexpected problem, and the RFM modules have special features to help

with this part of the emission testing.

Product Certification - General requirements for emissions and ingressions ( called

susceptibility) are controlled by engineering standards of performance, regulations, and

the customer's expectations.

In USA and Canada, for example, you must formally measure the emissions, file for a

certification or authorization, and affix a permanent marking label to every device, prior

to offering your system for retail sale. Regulations allow you to build a small number for

testing and in-company use before certification and marketing. Trade shows and

product announcements can be a problem for marketing, when the products are

advertised without proper disclaimers. With Internet access, go to "www.fcc.org" for

USA information or "www.ic.gc.ca" for Canada. The Canada rules are RCC-210,

Revision 2. FCC CFR 47, Parts 2 and 15, contains the needed information for USA

sales.

European Union (EU) requirements allow self-certification of some systems and require

formal measurement reports for other systems. In all cases, however, the directives

demand the "CE mark" be added to all compliant devices before any device is freely

shipped in commerce. In the EU, the EMC Directive also adds various tests and

expectations for levels of signal that will permit acceptable operation.

Certification Testing -

The emissions are measured in a calibrated environment defined

by the regulations. USA and Canada use an "open field" range with 3 meters between

the device under test (DUT) and the antenna. The range is calibrated by measurement

of known signal sources to generate range attenuation (correction) curves in

accordance with ANSI C63.4-1992.

EU measurement rules are based on a similar arrangement, but a "standard dipole"

antenna is substituted for the DUT to calibrate the range attenuation. Since the EU

measurements are comparison or substitution rules, they are often easier to follow for

informal pre-testing by the designer. ETSI 300 220 has drawings that describe a typical

test configuration.

The United States and Canadian requirements are contained in ANSI C63.4-1992,

including a step-by-step test calibration and measurement procedure. Since these rules

include range attenuation factors, one must make twice the measurements of the EU

test method. Other countries follow one of these two techniques, with exception for a 10

meter range (separation) measurement or a different range of test frequencies.

Each of the listed contacts will have resources to provide current regulations and

certification forms. They also can suggest sources for your formal tests, either

commercial labs or the government testing office. Unless you want to invest in a

qualified radiated signals test range, the commercial labs can help you with preliminary

measurements and some expertise in correcting any difficulties that are noted.

Contacts for further information and current test facilities listings:

ANSI
Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers,
345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017 USA

ETSI
European Telecommunications Standard Institute
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex FRANCE

FCC
Federal Communications Commission
Washington DC 20554 USA

Canada DOC
Industrie Canada
Attn: Certification, Engineering and Operations Section,
1241 Clyde Avenue, Ottawa K1A 0C8 CANADA

UNITED KINGDOM
LPRA (manufacturing association information)
Low Power Radio Association

The Old Vicarage, Haley Hill, Halifax HX3 6DR UK
or
Radiocommunications Agency (official)
Waterloo Bridge House, Waterloo Road
London SE1 8UA

JATE
Japan Approvals Institute (JATE)
Isomura Bldg, 1-1-3 Toranomon
Minato-ku Tokyo JAPAN

4 Virtual Wire� Development Kit Installation and Operation

4.1 Development Kit Assembly Instructions

Kit assembly includes the following steps:

� Install the antennas on the data radio boards
� Obtain and install AAA batteries in the protocol boards (power switch OFF)
� Plug the data radio boards onto the protocol boards
� Install a jumper on ID0 of one of the protocol board (Autosend) to test the Virtual

Wire

communication link by itself

� Remove ID0 jumper and connect 9-Pin PC cables between the protocol boards and

the host computers

� Install the host program on the computers
� Configure the host programs and retest the Virtual Wire communications link using

the host computers

Take care in plugging a transceiver board into a protocol board. The transceiver board

must be oriented so that THE BOARD RESTS ON THE NYLON SCREW SUPPORTS

AND NOT OVER THE BATTERIES. Be sure that the transceiver board pins are

correctly plugged into the protocol board connector. It is possible to plug the transceiver

board in so that a pin is hanging out on the left or right. BE SURE TO INSPECT THE

CONNECTOR ALIGNMENT BEFORE APPLYING POWER. Options and adjustments

are discussed below:

4.2 Data Radio Boards

The DR1200A Data Radio board is configured to operate at a data rate of 2000 bps on

a frequency of 916.50 MHz, and the DR1201A is configured to operate at 868.35 MHz.

The kits are shipped with a pair of data radio boards and matching antennas. Data

Radio boards with antennas can be purchased separately for development of

applications.

Antenna Options- The antennas supplied with the kit can be soldered into the antenna

"eyelets" on the Data Radio PCBs. Straighten out the "L" bend at the bottom of the

antennas before installing (see the Drawings section of the manual). These antennas are

simple center-loaded monopoles. Alternatively, a 50 ohm coaxial cable (RG-178, etc.) can

be soldered to the RF antenna eyelet (coax center conductor) and the adjacent ground

eyelet (coax shield), if a remotely located antenna is used. The remote antenna should

have and impedance of approximately 50 ohms, preferably with a VSWR of less than 2:1.

A remote antenna is necessary if the transceiver is housed inside a metal box, which is

very desirable if a noise source such as a high-speed microprocessor, high-speed logic or

a brush-type motor is mounted in close proximity to the transceiver board itself.

4.3 Protocol Board

Programming � When using the DK200A protocol software (RFM part number

SW0012.V01) provided with the "A" series kits, there are two options that can be

programmed on the protocol board. Placing a jumper on ID0 of one protocol board

activates the built-in Autosend mode. This allows the kit to be tested without having to

hook the protocol boards to host PCs (useful for range testing). Placing a jumper on ID3

of one board strips the packet framing and header characters off the packets it

receives. This can be handy for driving small serial printers, etc.

Power Supply - Each node can be operated from three 1.5 V AAA batteries.

RS232 Interface - Level conversion from CMOS to RS232 levels is provided by the

MAX 218 IC. It is possible to remove this IC and jumper socket Pin 7 to 14 and Pin 9 to

12 for direct CMOS operation.

LED Functions - Three LED indicators are provided on the protocol board. With the

supplied protocol software, the LED labeled RXI indicates a valid packet start symbol

has been detected. The LED RF RCV indicates that a valid RF packet has been

received (no errors detected by the FCS). The LED PC RCV indicates that a message

is being sent/received from the host PC.

4.4 Host Program Installation

The supplied Windows host terminal programs(s) are installed using Windows Explorer.

Go to the Windows Host Software folder on the CD and then to the V110T30C Install

folder and click on SETUP.EXE. As the install program runs, you will be asked for a

folder name to store the host program files and a Start/Programs menu name ("Virtual

Wire" suggested). Check the Kit CD and RFM's web site

www.rfm.com

for

additional/future Software.

5 Theory of Operation

5.1 Data Radio Boards

I/O Interface- Referring to the Data Radio Board schematic diagram, connector P1 is the

interface connector to the protocol board. Pin 1 is the transmitter data input and can be

driven directly by a CMOS gate. The transmitter is pulse ON-OFF modulated by a signal

on this line changing from 0 to 3 volts. A high level turns the transmitter on and a low level

turns it off. The input impedance to this line is approximately 4.7 kilohms. Pin 2 is a Vcc

line for the TR1000/TR1001 ASH transceiver.

Pin 3 is the PTT line that enables the transmit mode. This line puts the TR1000 (or

TR1001) in the transmit mode when it is high (2.5 volts minimum at 2.0 mA maximum).

Pin 4 is a Vcc line connected in parallel with Pin 2. Pin 5 is ground. Pin 6 is unused. Pin 7

is a Vcc line, connected in parallel with Pin 2 and Pin 4. Pin 8 the data output pin from the

transceiver. This data output is CMOS compatible and is capable of driving a single

CMOS gate or a bipolar transistor with a 510 K base resistor. The last connection to the

data radio board is the 50 ohm antenna input. The antenna can either be connected

directly to the board or connected remotely by using a 50 ohm coaxial cable.

TR1000/TR1001 ASH Transceiver - The heart of the DR1200A Data Radio board is the

TR1000 ASH transceiver (DR1201A uses the TR1001). This miniature ceramic-metal

hybrid provides 2-way RF communication of data. The following section provides an

introduction to the ASH transceiver's features, capabilities, theory of operation and

configurability. Additional information can be found on the CD.

ASH Transceiver Features

� Designed for short-range wireless data communications
� Supports RF data rates up to 115.2 kbps
� 3 Vdc , low current operation with integrated power down function
� Stable, easy to use, with all critical RF functions contained in the hybrid
� Robust receiver performance with full sensitivity up to 1 GHz
� Highly configurable with a minimum of external parts
� Choice of OOK or ASK transmitter modulation
� Rugged, miniature ceramic-metal package
� Low implementation cost
� Easy certification to FCC, ETSI and similar low-power radio regulations

RFM's amplifier-sequenced hybrid (ASH) transceivers are ideal for short-range wireless

data communications where small size, low power consumption and low cost are

required. All critical RF functions are contained in the hybrid, simplifying and speeding

design-in. The receiver section is sensitive and stable. Two stages of SAW filtering

provide excellent receiver out-of-band rejection. The transmitter includes provisions for

on-off keyed (OOK) or amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) modulation. The transmitter

employs SAW filtering to suppress output harmonics, facilitating compliance with FCC

15.249, ETSI I-ETS 300 220 and similar low-power radio regulations.

ASH transceiver technology offers a rich set of enabling features in short-range wireless

applications. Key features include:

� Small size - the ASH transceiver package footprint is nominally 0.28 x 0.40 inch,

with a package volume of only 0.009 in

(146 mm

). Transceiver operation is

configured using a dozen miniature passive components, making is practical to add

short-range wireless data connectivity to a watch, pen, PDA, etc.

� Low power - the ASH transceiver operates from 3 Vdc, drawing only 6 mA average

in transmit and 1.65 to 4.5 mA in receive (set-up dependent). In addition, the

transceiver has an integrated power-down mode to support long duration operation

from small batteries.

� Robust operation - the ASH transceiver is a single-channel data radio, employing

amplitude-shift keyed modulation. But unlike simple AM systems, extensive

consideration has been given to operating robustness in the transceiver

architecture. The receiver chain includes a narrow-band SAW filter and a SAW

delay line, which together provide excellent out-of-band rejection. The logarithmic

receiver detector features more than 70 dB of dynamic range. This can be combined

with 30 dB of AGC (optional), providing 100 dB of overall receiver dynamic range.

Data is recovered from the detected base-band signal using a compound data slicer

which provides both excellent threshold sensitivity for low-level signals and good

rejection of interference 8-10 dB below the peak level of stronger desired signals.

Operating robustness is inherent in the signal processing of the radio itself,

providing considerable flexibility in the choice of data protocols that can be used with

the transceiver

ASH Transceiver Operation

The ASH transceiver's unique feature set is made possible by its system architecture.

The heart of the transceiver is the amplifier-sequenced receiver section, which provides

over 105 dB of stable RF and detector gain without any special shielding or decoupling

provisions. Stability is achieved by distributing the total RF gain over time. This is in

contrast to a superheterodyne receiver, which achieves stability by distributing total RF

gain over multiple frequencies.

Refer to the Block Diagram and Timing Cycle drawing in Section A of the manual for

the following discussion. This drawing shows the basic amplifier-sequenced receiver

architecture. Note that the bias to RF amplifiers RFA1 and RFA2 are independently

controlled by a pulse generator, and that the two amplifiers are coupled by a surface

acoustic wave (SAW) delay line, which has a typical delay of 0.5 �s.

An incoming RF signal is first filtered by a narrow-band SAW filter, and is then applied

to RFA1. The pulse generator turns RFA1 ON for 0.5 �s. The amplified signal from

RFA1 emerges from the SAW delay line at the input to RFA2. RFA1 is now switched

OFF and RFA2 is switched ON for 0.55 �s, amplifying the RF signal further. The ON

time for RFA2 is usually set at 1.1 times the ON time for RFA1, as the filtering effect of

the SAW delay line stretches the signal pulse from RFA1 somewhat. As shown in the

timing diagram, RFA1 and RFA2 are never on at the same time, assuring excellent

receiver stability. Note that the SAW filter and delay line act together to provide very

high receiver ultimate rejection.

Amplifier-sequenced receiver operation has several interesting characteristics that can

be exploited in system design. The RF amplifiers in an amplifier-sequenced receiver

can be turned on and off almost instantly, allowing for very quick power-down (sleep)

and wake-up times. Also, both RF amplifiers can be off between ON sequences to

trade-off receiver noise figure for lower average current consumption. The effect on

noise figure can be modeled as if RFA1 is on continuously, with an attenuator placed in

front of it with a loss equivalent to 10*log

(RFA1 duty factor), where the duty factor is

the average amount of time RFA1 is ON (up to 50%).

Please refer to the ASH Transceiver Block Diagram in Section A for the following

discussion:

Antenna port - the only external RF components needed for the ASH transceiver are

the antenna, antenna matching coil and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection choke.

Receiver chain - the narrow-band SAW filters provides high receiver RF selectivity. The

output of the SAW filter drives amplifier RFA1. This amplifier includes provisions for

detecting the onset of saturation (AGC Set), and for switching between 35 dB of gain

and 5 dB of gain (Gain Select). AGC Set is an input to the AGC Control function, and

Gain Select is the AGC Control function output. ON/OFF control to RFA1 (and RFA2) is

generated by the Pulse Generator & RF Amp Bias function. The output of RFA1 drives

the low-loss SAW delay line, which has a nominal delay of 0.5 �s. Note that the SAW

RF filter and SAW delay line both contribute to the excellent out-of-band rejection of the

receiver.

The second amplifier, RFA2, provides 51 dB of gain below saturation. The output of

RFA2 drives an active full-wave detector with 19 dB of gain. The onset of saturation in

each section of RFA2 is detected and summed to provide a logarithmic response. This

is added to the output of the full-wave detector to produce an overall detector response

that is linear for low signal levels, and transitions into a log response for high signal

levels. This combination provides excellent threshold sensitivity and more than 70 dB of

detector dynamic range. In combination with the 30 dB of AGC range in RFA1, more

than 100 dB of receiver dynamic range can be achieved.

The detector output drives a three-pole, 0.05 degree equiripple low-pass filter response

with excellent group delay flatness and minimal pulse ringing. The 3 dB bandwidth of

the filter is adjusted with a single external resistor to match the data rate and data

encoding of the transmitted signal.

The filter is followed by a base-band amplifier which boosts the detected signal to the

BBOUT pin, which is coupled to the CMPIN pin or to an external data recovery process

(DSP, etc.) by a series capacitor.

When the transceiver is placed in power-down or in a transmit mode, the output

impedance of BBOUT becomes very high. This feature helps preserve the charge on

the coupling capacitor to minimize data slicer stabilization time when the transceiver

switches back to the receive mode.

Data Slicers - The CMPIN pin drives two data slicers, which convert the analog signal

from BBOUT back into a data stream. The best data slicer choice depends on the

system operating parameters. Data slicer DS1 is a capacitor-coupled comparator with

provisions for an adjustable threshold. DS1 provides the best performance at low

signal-to-noise conditions. The threshold, or squelch, offsets the comparator's slicing

level, and is set with a resistor between the RREF and THLD1 pins. This threshold

allows a trade-off between receiver sensitivity and output noise density in the no-signal

condition. S2 is a "dB-below-peak" slicer. The peak detector charges rapidly to the peak

value of each data pulse, and decays slowly in between data pulses (1:1000 ratio). The

slicer trip point can be set from 0 to 12 dB below this peak value with a resistor between

RREF and THLD2. DS2 is best for ASK modulation where the transmitted signal has

been shaped to minimize signal bandwidth.

AGC Control - The output of the Peak Detector also provides an AGC Reset signal to

the AGC Control function through the AGC comparator. The purpose of the AGC

function is to extend the dynamic range of the receiver, so that two transceivers can

operate close together when running ASK and/or high data rate modulation. The AGC

also prevents receiver saturation by a strong in-band interfering signal, allowing

operation to continue at short range in the presence of the interference. The onset of

saturation in the output stage of RFA1 is detected and generates the AGC Set signal to

the AGC Control function. The AGC Control function then selects the 5 dB gain mode

for RFA1. The AGC comparator will send a reset signal when the Peak Detector output

(multiplied by 0.8) falls below the fixed reference voltage for DS1. A capacitor at the

AGCCAP pin avoids AGC "chattering" during the time the signal propagates through the

log detector, low-pass filter and charges the peak detector. The AGC capacitor also

allows the AGC hold-in time to be set longer than the peak detector decay time to avoid

AGC chattering during runs of "0" bits in the received data stream. Note that AGC

operation requires the peak detector to be functioning, even if DS2 is not used. AGC

operation can be defeated by connecting the AGCCAP pin to VCC, or latched ON

connecting a resistor between the AGCCAP pin and ground.

Receiver pulse generator and RF amplifier bias - The receiver amplifier-sequence

operation is controlled by the Pulse Generator & RF Amplifier Bias module, which in

turn is controlled by the PRATE and PWIDTH input pins, and the Power Down Control

Signal from the Modulation & Bias Control function.

Transmitter chain - the transmitter chain consists of a SAW delay line oscillator TXA1,

followed by a modulated buffer amplifier TXA2. The SAW filter suppresses transmitter

harmonics to the antenna. Note that the same SAW devices used in the amplifier-

sequenced receiver are reused in the transmit modes.

Transmitter operation supports two modulation formats, on-off keyed (OOK)

modulation, and amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) modulation. When OOK modulation is

chosen, the transmitter output turns completely off between "1" data pulses. When ASK

modulation is chosen, a "1" pulse is represented by a higher transmitted power level,

and a "0" is represented by a lower transmitted power level. OOK modulation provides

compatibility with first-generation ASH technology, and provides for power conservation.

ASK modulation must be used for high data rates (data pulses less than 30 �s). ASK

modulation also allows the transmitted pulses to be shaped to control modulation

bandwidth. The transmitter RF output voltage is proportional to the input current to the

TXMOD pin, which modulates TXA2. A resistor in series with TXMOD adjusts the peak

transmitter output power.

The four transceiver operating modes - receive, transmit ASK, transmit OOK and

power-down ("sleep"), are controlled by the Modulation & Bias Control function, and are

selected with the CNTRL1 and CNTRL0 control pins. CNTRL1 and CNTRL0 are CMOS

compatible inputs.

ASH Transceiver Configurability

ASH transceivers are highly configurable, offering the user great flexibility in optimizing

for specific applications and protocol formats. The operating configuration is set using

low-cost resistors and capacitors. Key points of configurability include:

� Adjustable receiver sensitivity versus current consumption
� Adjustable receiver low-pass filter to support various data rates/encoding techniques
� Adjustable peak transmitter output power
� Conventional or "dB below peak" data slicer select
� Adjustable thresholds (squelch settings) for each data slicer
� Adjustable AGC hold-in time and AGC latch/defeat function
� OOK or ASK modulation with adjustable ASK modulation depth
� Continuous or duty-cycled operation (integrated power down function)
� 2.7 to 3.5 Vdc power supply range (down to 2.2 Vdc over limited temperature range)

Data Radio Board Specifications

Operating Frequency

DR1200A

916.5

MHz

DR1201A

868.35

MHz

Modulation On-Off

Keyed

Antenna

ohm

Operating Data Rate

2000 bps (500 �s min. pulse width @ TX input)

TX Frequency Tolerance

less than �200 kHz, including set-on, temperature

and aging drift

Output

Power -1

dBm

nominal

Harmonics less

than

-55

dBc

Receiver Performance

BER less than 10E-4 for a -100 dBm input (2000 bps)

RX Pulse Distortion

less than �10% for a 500 �s TX pulse

RX Dynamic Range

-100 to 0 dBm

Data DC Balance

receiver performance shall be maintained for

data

with

average

"1"

density

from

55%

Data Run Length

receiver performance shall be maintained for

"1"

"0"

run

lengths

least

bits

RX Off-Channel Rejection

DR1200A-DK

greater than 70 dB, 0.25 to 870 MHz and

962 to 2500 MHz

DR1201A-DK

greater than 70 dB, 0.25 to 825 MHz and

911 to 2500 MHz

RX On-Channel Rejection

less than 30% BER degradation for an interfering

signal at least 10 dB below the desired signal after 16

bits (50% duty cycle) of the desired signal received

RX No-Signal Output

digitized white thermal noise

DC Power Supply

2.7 to 3.5 Vdc, 10 mV max peak-to-peak ripple

Supply Current, RX Mode

less than 4.0 mA ave @ 3 Vdc supply

Supply Current, TX Mode

less than 12 mA peak @ 3 Vdc supply

I/O Data Interface

4.7K TX input load; RX output capable

of driving one 3V CMOS gate

TX/RX Control Input

low for RX, high for TX (source 2 mA @ 2.5 V min.)

Operating Temperature Range -40 to +85 deg C

5.2 Protocol Board

I/O Interface - Connector J1 (see Protocol Board schematic) is the I/O interface

between the protocol board and the data radio board. J1-Pin 1 carries the transmit data

signal from U2-Pin 7 to the transmitter input on the Data Radio board. J1-Pin 2 provides

Vcc to the Data Radio board. J1-Pin 3 provides the transmit enable signal (PTT) from

PNP transistor Q2. The Data Radio board requires 2 mA at 2.5 V on the PTT input to

enable the transmit mode. J1-Pin 7 is another Vcc input to the Data Radio board. J1-

Pin 5 is ground. J1-Pin 4 is a third Vcc input to the Data Radio board. J1-Pin 8 carries

the receiver digital output from the Data Radio board. Q1 provides a high input

impedance buffer between this signal and the input to U2. J1-Pin 6 is unused in the

DR1200A-DK and DR1201A-DK implementation.

RS232 Interface - Connector J2 is the RS232 interface on the protocol board. This

9-Pin female connector is configured to appear as a DCE (modem). The protocol board

does not implement hardware flow control, so only J2-Pin 2 and J2-Pin 3 carry active

signals. J2-Pin 2 (RD) sends data to the host computer, and J2-Pin 3 receives data

from the host computer (TD). J2 Pins 4 and 6 are connected (DTR & DSR), and J2 Pins

1,7 and 8 are connected (CD, RQS, CTS) J2-Pin 5 is ground.

Protocol Microcontroller - The link-layer protocol is implemented in an ATMEL

AT89C2051 microcontroller U2. The 8-bit microcontroller operates from an 22.118 MHz

quartz crystal. The microcontroller includes 2 Kbytes of flash EPROM memory and 128

bytes of RAM. The microcontroller also includes two 16-bit timers and one hardware

serial port, making it especially suitable as a link-layer packet controller.

Inputs to the microcontroller include the programming pins ID0 - ID3, on Pins 14, 15, 16

and 17, the buffered receive data (RRX) on Pin 6, and the CMOS-level input from the

host computer on Pin 2. Outputs from the microcontroller include the transmit data on

Pin 7, the data output to the host computer on Pin 3, the transmit enable signal Pin 19,

the RS232-transceiver control on Pin 18, and the LED outputs on Pins 8 (RXI), 9 (RF

RCV), and 11(PC RCV). Diode D2 and capacitor C7 form the power-up reset circuit for

the microcontroller.

CMOS/RS232 Level Converter - Conversion to and from RS232 and 4.5 V CMOS logic

levels is done by U1, a Maxim MAX218 Dual RS232 Transceiver. L1, D1 and C5

operate in conjunction with the IC's switch-mode power supply to generate �6.5 V for

the transmitter and receiver conversions. Pin 3 on the MAX218 controls the switched-

mode supply via U2 Pin 18. The RS232 serial input signal from J2-Pin 3 is input on U1-

Pin 12 and is converted to a 4.5 V CMOS level (note inversion) and output on U1-Pin 9.

The CMOS serial output signal from U2-Pin 2 is input on U1-Pin 7 and converted to an

RS232 output (note inversion) on U1-Pin 14. This signal is found on J2-Pin 3.

The RS232 conversion can be bypassed for direct CMOS operation by removing U1

from its socket and placing one jumper in socket Pins 7 and 14 and a second jumper in

socket Pins 9 and 12.

Protocol Board Specifications

Host

Interface RS232

DCE

compatible

9-Pin

female

(modem) connector, 19.2 kbps, byte asynchronous,

1 start bit, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit

Radio Interface

RFM Data Radio Type-1 interface, 8-Pin

SIP connector, 2000 bps, 12 DC-balanced symbol

bits/byte, with integrated PTT control

Power Supply

4.5 Vdc nominal from 3 AAA batteries

Operating Temperature Range 0 to 70 deg C

Storage Temperature Range

-40 to +85 deg C

5.3 Protocol Firmware

Description - The purpose of this data-link protocol is to provide automatic, verified,

error-free transmission of messages between Virtual Wire� Radio Nodes via RS232

serial connections to the host processors. Operation on both the RS232 side and the

radio side is half-duplex.

Operation of the RS232 serial connection is 19.2 kbps, with eight data bits (byte), one

stop bit, and no parity bit. The transmission rate on the radio side is approximately

2000 bps, using 12-bit DC-balanced symbols for each data byte. The radio receiver is

unsquelched when not receiving data, and will output digitized white noise. The protocol

is designed to tolerate continuous noise between packets for greatest sensitivity.

The following I/O lines are implemented on the protocol microcontroller:

radio receive line (RRX)

radio transmit line (RTX)

radio transmit/receive control line, high on transmit (PTT)

RS232 receive line (PRX)

RS232 transmit line (PTX)

Maxim 218 ON/OFF control line

node ID input lines (ID0 through ID3)

three LED control Lines (RXI, RF RCV and PC RCV)

A description of the DK200A protocol and the source code listing is provided in the ASH

Transceiver Software Designer's Guide on the CD. Note that the DR1200A and

DR1201A Data Radio Boards are already configured to match this protocol.

Special note: Operation on 868.35 MHz under ETSI I-ETS 300 220-1 currently limits

transmissions to 36 seconds in any 60 minute interval. The software supplied with the

DR1201A-DK is intended for development purposes and does not include transmission

interval limiting. Systems designed for retail sale under current ETSI regulations must

include provisions to comply with the 36 seconds per 60 minute (1% duty cycle)

requirements. See the I-ETS 300 220-1 regulations for further details.

ASH Transceiver Block Diagram

RFA1

RFA2

TXA1

TXA2

Log

Antenna

RFIO

Detector

LPFADJ

PRATE

WIDTH

RXDATA

AGCCAP

THLD2

THLD1

Power Down Control

Gain Select

AGC Set

AGC Reset

BBOUT

DS2

DS1

AND

Ref

Thld

PKDET

Ref

AGC

VCC1: Pin 2

VCC2: Pin 16

GND1: Pin 1

GND2: Pin 10

GND3: Pin 19

RREF: Pin 11

CMPIN: Pin 6

Low-Pass

Filter

Peak

Detector

dB Below

Peak Thld

SAW

Delay Line

Modulation

& Bias Control

ESD Choke

SAW

CR Filter

TX IN

TRL1

TRL0

TXM

MOD

Pulse Generator

& RF Amp Bias

AGC

Control

Threshold

Control

TH1

TH2

REF

LPF

BBO

PKD

DR1200A/DR1201A Bill of Materials

Ref Des

Qty

RFM P/N

Description

PCB1

400-1528-004X1

Printed Circuit Board

TR1000/TR1001

TR1000 for DR1200A, TR1001 for DR1201A

500-0583-100

Inductor, SMT, 10 nH, (Coilcraft 0805HT-10NTJ)

500-0583-101

Inductor, SMT, 100 nH, (Coilcraft 0805CS-101TK)

500-0183-001

Transistor, SOT, MMBT2222L

C1, C6

Not Used

C2, C4, C5, C7

500-0621-101

Capacitor, SMT, 100 pF, 5%, 0603

500-0621-154

Capacitor, SMT, 0.15 uF, %10, 0603

500-0621-682

Capacitor, SMT, 0.0068 uF, %10, 0603

500-0675-106

Capacitor, SMT, 10 uf, Kemet T491B106K006AS

C10

500-0675-273

Capacitor, SMT, 0.027 uF, %10, 0603

500-0620-274

Resistor, Chip, 270K, 0.1 W, 5%, 0603

R2, R6

500-0620-334

Resistor, Chip, 330K, 0.1 W, 5%, 0603

R3, L3

500-0620-001

Resistor, Chip, 0.0, 0.1W, 0603

500-0828-104

Resistor, Chip, 100K, 0.1 W, 1%, 0603

R5, R10

500-0620-472

Resistor, Chip, 2.4K, 0.1 W, 5%, 0603

500-0620-123

Resistor, Chip, 12K, 0.1 W, 5%, 0603

500-0620-333

Resistor, Chip, 33K, 0.1 W, 5%, 0603

500-0620-273

Resistor, Chip, 27K, 0.1 W, 5%, 0603

500-0644-001

Header, 8 Pin

PB1001-2 Protocol Board

CODE IDENT

2U874

DALLAS, TEXAS 75244

DRAWN BY/DATE:

RF Monolithics, Inc.

CHECKED/APPROVED

Lee A. Mrha 5Mar99

TITLE:

SIZE

444-1001-003

SCHEMATIC, Protocol Bd., 19.2Kbs

DWG.

NO.

1/1

REV

SHEET

REV

NOTES:

ECN NO.

DESCRIPTION

APP/DATE

2U874

+4.5V

5,17,20

+4.5V

VREF

+4.5V

J1-1

RRX

RTX

+3V

PTT

+3V

MAX218

1 DATA IN (RTX)

2 TX VCC

3 (PTT)

4 RX VCC

5 GND

6 (VREF)

7 RX VCC

8 DATA OUT (RRX)

ADDRESS

ID0

ID1

ID2

ID3

100uf

15uh

1N5819

1uf

10uf

1uf

.1uf

51K

10K

1.8K

10K

MMBT2222

MMBT

2907

22.118

AT89C2051

MHz

1N4148

1uf

+4.5V

154K

100K

+4.5V

+3V

+1.5V

510K

D3, D4, D5 are ultrabright

LED's with cathode to B+.

Polarity may vary with

different LED's.

opy

ri
ght 2002 R

Ref Des

Qty

RFM P/N

Vendor

Vendor P/N

Description

PCB1

400-1354-001X1

Printed Circuit Board

500-0669-001

Newark

51F2912

Cap, electrolytic, 100uf 25V

C2, C3, C4, C5, C7,

500-0243-105

r
k

89F5035

Cap, SMT, Kemet T491A105K016AS

500-0244-106

r
k

92F5768

Cap, SMT, Kemet T491B106K006AS

500-0623-104

Cap, chip, 0805, 0.1uf 25V

500-0646-001

Digi-Key

1N5819CT-ND

Diode, Schottky, 1N5819

500-0051-001

Digi-Key

1N4148CT-ND

Diode, High speed switching, JANTX1N4148

D3, D4, D5

500-0647-001

Digi-Key

LT1034-ND

T-1 Ultrabright LED

500-0648-001

Digi-Key

WM3206-ND

PCB connector, Molex 22-02-2085

500-0649-001

Newark

89N1583

PCB socket, 9 pin, SPC Technology DE9S-FRS

500-0650-001

Newark

44F4268

Inductor, 15uh

500-0651-002

Force Electronics

10-89-6084

8 pin dual row header, Molex 10-89-6084

500-0183-001

Motorolla

MMBT2222AL

ransistor, SOT, MMBT2222AL

500-0653-001

Newark

MMBT2907AL

ransistor, SOT, MMBT2907AL

500-0022-182

Resistor, chip, 1.8K(J), .2w, 0805

500-0732-001

Resistor, chip, 154K, .2w, 1%, 0805

500-0673-104

Resistor, chip, 100K, .2w, 1%, 0805

500-0022-204

Resistor, chip, 200K(J), .2w, 0805

R5, R7

500-0022-513

Resistor, chip, 51K(J), .2w, 0805

500-0022-103

Resistor, chip, 10K(J), .2w, 0805

500-0724-001

Augat

SSTS220PC

t
c
h
,
DPDT

500-0655-002

Digi-Key

CTX063-ND

22.1184 MHz Xtal, Series Resonant

500-0656-001

Digi-Key

ED3320-ND

20 pin IC socket

500-0657-001

Digi-Key

MAX218CPP-ND

RS232C Transceiver, MAX218CPP

500-0658-002

r
o
w El

t
r
oni

c
s

AT89C2051-24PC

24MHz, PDIP, commercial temperature

500-0659-002

Keystone

2446

AAA battery holder, single cell

500-0660-001

Digi-Key

H560-ND

Screw, 6-32, 1/2 inch, nylon

500-0661-001

Digi-Key

H620-ND

Nut, 6-32, nylon

500-0665-001

McMaster Carr

9723K22

Bumper feet, .375 square

PB1001-2 Protcol Board Bill of Materials

Электронный компонент: DR1200A-DK