TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

TOSHIBA CMOS Integrated Circuit Silicon Monolithic

TB6537P,TB6537F

3-Phase Full-Wave Sensorless Controller for Brushless DC Motors

TB6537P/F is a 3-phase full-wave sensorless controller for

brushless DC motors. It is capable of controlling voltage by PWM
signal input. When combined with various drive circuits it can be
used for various types of motors.

Features

· 3-phase full-wave sensorless drive
· PWM control (PWM signal is supplied from external sources.)
· Turn-on signal output current: 20 mA
· Overcurrent protection function
· Forward/reverse modes
· Lead angle control function (0, 7.5, 15 and 30 degrees)
· Built-in lap turn-on function
· Two types of PWM output (upper PWM and upper/lower

alternate PWM)

TB6537P

TB6537F

Weight

DIP18-P-300-2.54D: 1.47 g (typ.)
SSOP24-P-300-1.00: 0.32 g (typ.)

TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

Pin Description

Pin No.

TB6537P TB6537F

Symbol

I/O Description

1 1 LA0

2 2 LA1

Lead angle setting signal input pin

LA0

Low, LA1

Low: Lead angle 0 degree

LA0

High, LA1

Low: Lead angle 7.5 degree

LA0

Low, LA1

High: Lead angle 15 degree

LA0

High, LA1

High: Lead angle 30 degree

Built-in pull-down resistor

3 3

PWM

PWM signal input pin

Inputs Low-active PWM signal

Built-in pull-up resistor

Disables input of duty-100% (Low) signal
High for 250 ns or longer is required.

4 4

CW_CCW

Rotation direction signal input pin

High: Reverse (U

Low, Open: Forward (U

Built-in pull-down resistor

5 NC

Not

connected

5 6

SEL_OUT

Pin to select the synthesis method of burn-in signal and PWM signal

Low: Upper

PWM

High: Upper/Lower alternate PWM

Built-in pull-down resistor

7 NC

Not

connected

6 8

SEL_LAP

Lap turn-on select pin

Low: Lap turn-on

High: 120 degrees turn-on

Built-in pull-up resistor

9 NC

Not

connected

7 10 X

8 11 X

Tin

Resonator connecting pin

Selects starting commutation frequency.
Starting commutation frequency f

Resonator frequency f

/(6

)

9 12

GND

Connected

GND.

10 13 V

Connected to 5-V power supply.

11 14

OUT_UP

U-phase upper turn-on signal output pin

U-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin

ON: Low, OFF: High

12 15

OUT_UN

U-phase lower turn-on signal output pin

U-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin

ON: High, OFF: Low

16 NC

Not

connected

13 17

OUT_VP

V-phase upper turn-on signal output pin

V-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching pin

ON: Low, OFF: High

18 NC

Not

connected

14 19

OUT_VN

V-phase lower turn-on signal output pin

V-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin

ON: High, OFF: Low

TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

Pin No.

TB6537P TB6537F

Symbol

I/O Description

20 NC

Not

connected

15 21

OUT_WP

W-phase upper turn-on signal output pin

W-phase winding wire positive ON/OFF switching

ON: Low, OFF: High

16 22

OUT_WN

W-phase lower turn-on signal output pin

W-phase winding wire negative ON/OFF switching pin

ON: High, OFF: Low

17 23 OC I

Overcurrent signal input pin

High on this pin can put constraints on the turn-on signal which is performing PWM
control.

Built-in pull-up resistor

18 24

WAVE

Positional signal input pin

Inputs majority logic synthesis signal of three-phase pin voltage.

Built-in pull-up resistor

Functional Description

1. Sensorless

Drive

On receipt of PWM signal start instruction turn-in signal for forcible commutation (commutation

irrespective of the motor's rotor position) is output and the motor starts to rotate. The motor's rotation
causes induced voltage on winding wire pin for each phase.

When signals indicating positive or negative for pin voltage (including induced voltage) for each phase

are input on respective positional signal input pin, the turn-on signal for forcible commutation is
automatically switched to turn-on signal for positional signal (induced voltage).

Thereafter turn-on signal is formed according to the induced voltage contained in the pin voltage so as to

drive the brushless DC motor.

2. Starting commutation frequency

(resonator pin and counter bit select pin)

The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start is determined by the resonator's frequency and

the number of counter bit (within the IC).

Starting commutation frequency f

= Resonator frequency f

/(6 ´ 2

(bit + 3)

) bit

= 14

The forcible commutation frequency at the time of start can be adjusted using inertia of the motor and

load.
· The forcible commutation frequency should be set higher as the number of magnetic poles increases.
· The forcible commutation frequency should be set lower as the inertia of the load increases.

3. PWM

Control

PWM signal can be reflected in turn-on signal by supplying PWM signal from external sources.
The frequency of the PWM signal shoud be set adequately high with regard to the electrical frequency of

the motor and in accordance to the switching characteristics of the drive circuit.

Because positional detection is performed in synchronization with the rising edges of PWM signal,

positional detection cannot be performed with 0% duty or 100% duty.

The voltage applied to the motor is duty 100% because of the storage time of the drive circuit even if the

duty is 99%.

Duty (max)

Duty (min)

250 ns

TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

5. Positional

Variation

Since positional detection is performed in synchronization with PWM signal, positional variation occurs

in connection with the frequency of PWM signal. Be especially careful when the IC is used for high-speed
motors.

Variation is calculated by detecting at two consecutive rising edges of PWM signal.
1/f

< Detection time variation < 2/f

: PWM frequency

6. Overcurrent protection function

An active phase which controls PWM is turned off by the rising-edge of the OC signal. The inactive phase

is turned on by the timing of the next PWM signal.

PWM signal

Pin voltage

Reference voltage

Pin voltage

Positional signal

Ideal detection timing

Actual detection timing

TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

7. Lead

Angle

Control

The lead angle is 0 degree during the starting forcible commutation and when normal commutation is

started, automatically changes to the lead angle which has been set using LA0 and LA1. However, if both
LA0 and LA1 are set for High, the lead angle is 30 degrees in the starting forcible commutation as well as
in normal commutation.

8. Lap Turn-on Control

When SEL_LAP = High, the turn-on degree is 120 degrees. When SEL_LAP = Low, Lap Turn-on Mode

starts.

In Lap Turn-on Mode, the time between zero-cross point and the 120 degrees turn-on timing becomes

longer (shaded area in the below chart) so as to create some overlap when switching turn on signals. The
lap time differs depending ong the lead angle setting.

(3) Lead angle: 15 degree

OUT_WN

OUT_VN

OUT_WP

Induced voltage
Turn-on signal

(1) Lead angle: 0 degree

OUT_UP

OUT_UN

OUT_VP

OUT_VN

OUT_WP

OUT_WN

(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees

OUT_UP

OUT_UN

OUT_VP

OUT_UP

OUT_UN

OUT_VP

OUT_VN

OUT_WP

OUT_WN

(4) Lead angle: 30 degree

OUT_UP

OUT_UN

OUT_VP

OUT_VN

OUT_WP

OUT_WN

30 degrees

22.5 degrees

15 degrees

(3) Lead angle: 15 degree

OUT_WN

OUT_VN

OUT_WP

Induced voltage
Turn-on signal

(1) Lead angle: 0 degree

OUT_UP

OUT_UN

OUT_VP

OUT_VN

OUT_WP

OUT_WN

(2) Lead angle: 7.5 degrees

OUT_UP

OUT_UN

OUT_VP

OUT_UP

OUT_UN

OUT_VP

OUT_VN

OUT_WP

OUT_WN

(4) Lead angle: 30 degree

OUT_UP

OUT_UN

OUT_VP

OUT_VN

OUT_WP

OUT_WN

TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

9. Start/Stop

Control

Start/Stop is controlled using PWM signal input pin.
A stop is acknowledged when PWM signal duty is 0, and a start is acknowledged when ON-signal of a

frequency 4 times higher than the resonator frequency or even higher is input continuously.

Timing chart

Note: Take sufficient care for noise on PWM signal input pin.

PWM signal

Detection

timing

Start

512 periods at the resonator frequency

First detection

Second detection

Start

PWM signal

Detection

timing

Stop

512 periods at the resonator frequency

First detection

Second detection
and stop

TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

Maximum Ratings

(Ta

=
=
=
=

25°C)

Characteristics Symbol

Rating

Unit

Power supply voltage

5.5 V

Input voltage

0.3 to V

0.3

Turn-on signal output current

OUT

20 mA

TB6537P

1.25

Power dissipation

TB6537F

0.59

Operating temperature

opr

30 to 85

°C

Storage temperature

stg

55 to 150

°C

Recommended Operating Conditions

(Ta

=
=
=
=

-
-
-
-

30 to 85°C)

Characteristics

Symbol Test

Condition

Min

Typ.

Max

Unit

Power supply voltage

4.5 5.0 5.5 V

Input voltage

0.3

PWM frequency

PWM

kHz

Oscillation frequency

osc

1.0

10 MHz

TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

Electrical Characteristics

(Ta

=
=
=
=

25°C, V

=
=
=
=

5 V)

Characteristics

Symbol

Test

Circuit

Test Condition

Min

Typ.

Max

Unit

Static power supply current

PWM

H, X

Tin

0.1 0.3 mA

Dynamic power supply current

DD (opr)

PWM

50% Duty, X

Tin

4 MHz

1 3 mA

IN-1

(H)

5 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U,

SEL_LAP

0 1

IN-1

(L)

0 V, PWM, OC, WAVE_U,

SEL_LAP

IN-2

(H)

5 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1,

SEL_OUT

50 75

Input current

IN-2

(L)

0 V, CW_CCW, LA0, LA1,

SEL_OUT

1 0

(H)

PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW

WAVE_U, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT

3.5

Input voltage

(L)

PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW

WAVE_U, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT

GND

1.5

Input hysteresis voltage

PWM, OC, SEL_LAP, CW_CCW

WAVE_U, LA0, LA1, SEL_OUT

0.6

O-1

(H)

1 mA

OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP

4.3

O-1

(L)

20 mA

OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP

GND

0.5

O-2

(H)

20 mA

OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN

4.0

Output voltage

O-2

(L)

1 mA

OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN

GND

0.5

(H)

5.5 V, V

OUT

0 V

OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP

OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN

0 10

Output leak current

(L)

5.5 V, V

OUT

5.5 V

OUT_UP, OUT_VP, OUT_WP

OUT_UN, OUT_VN, OUT_WN

0 10

pLH

0.5 1

Output delay time

pHL

PWM-Output

0.5 1

TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

Application Circuit Example

Note 1: Take enough care in designing output V

line and GND line to avoid short circuit between outputs, V

fault or GND fault which may cause the IC to break down.

Note 2: The above application circuit and values mentioned are just an example for reference. Since the values may

vary depending on the motor to be used, appropriate values must be determined through experiments before
using the device.

200

TA75393P

5 V

H/L

4 MHz

TA75393P

1 k

SEL_LAP

SEL_OUT

LA1

LA0

CW_CCW

PWM

Tin

OUT_UP

OUT_UN

OUT_VP

OUT_VN

OUT_WP

OUT_WN

WAVE

GND

6537F/

100 k

22 pF

10 k

1 k

3 k

10 k

100 k

100

TB6537P/F

2003-02-20

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devices in general can malfunction or fail due to their inherent electrical sensitivity and vulnerability to physical
stress. It is the responsibility of the buyer, when utilizing TOSHIBA products, to comply with the standards of
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such TOSHIBA products could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or damage to property.
In developing your designs, please ensure that TOSHIBA products are used within specified operating ranges as
set forth in the most recent TOSHIBA products specifications. Also, please keep in mind the precautions and
conditions set forth in the "Handling Guide for Semiconductor Devices," or "TOSHIBA Semiconductor Reliability
Handbook" etc..

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(computer, personal equipment, office equipment, measuring equipment, industrial robotics, domestic appliances,
etc.). These TOSHIBA products are neither intended nor warranted for usage in equipment that requires
extraordinarily high quality and/or reliability or a malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life or
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The information contained herein is presented only as a guide for the applications of our products. No
responsibility is assumed by TOSHIBA CORPORATION for any infringements of intellectual property or other
rights of the third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under
any intellectual property or other rights of TOSHIBA CORPORATION or others.

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.

000707EBA

RESTRICTIONS ON PRODUCT USE

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