CMOS I²C 2-WIRE BUS

16K ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE ROM

2K X 8 BIT EEPROM

Turbo IC, Inc.

24C16

GND

VCC

SCL

SDA

8 pin PDIP

GND

VCC

SCL

SDA

8 pin SOIC

PIN DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION:
The Turbo IC 24C16 is a serial 16K EEPROM fabricated
with Turbo's proprietary, high reliability, high performance
CMOS technology. It's 16K of memory is organized as 2,048
x 8 bits. The memory is configured as 128 pages with each
page containing 16 bytes. This device offers significant ad-
vantages in low power and low voltage applications.

The Turbo IC 24C16 uses the I²C addressing protocol and
2-wire serial interface which includes a bidirectional serial
data bus synchronized by a clock. It offers a flexible byte
write and a faster 16-byte page write. The data in the upper
half of memory can be protected by a write protect pin.

The Turbo IC 24C16 is assembled in either a 8-pin PDIP or
8-pin SOIC package. Pin #1, #2, and #3 are not connected
(NC). Pin #4 is the ground (Vss). Pin #5 is the serial data
(SDA) pin used for bidirectional transfer of data. Pin #6 is
the serial clock (SCL) input pin. Pin #7 is the write protect
(WP) input pin, and Pin #8 is the power supply (Vcc) pin.

All data is serially transmitted in bytes (8 bits) on the SDA
bus. To access the Turbo IC 24C16 (slave) for a read or
write operation, the controller (master) issues a start condi-
tion by pulling SDA from high to low while SCL is high. The
master then issues the device address byte which consists
of 1010 (B10) (B9) (B8) (R/W). The most significant bits
(1010) are a device type code signifying an EEPROM de-
vice. The B[10:8] bits are the 3 most significant bits of the
memory address. The read/write bit determines whether to
do a read or write operation. After each byte is transmitted,
the receiver has to provide an acknowledge by pulling the
SDA bus low on the ninth clock cycle. The acknowledge is a
handshake signal to the transmitter indicating a successful
data transmission.

FEATURES :
· Extended Power Supply Voltage

Single Vcc for Read and Programming
(Vcc = 2.7 V to 5.5 V)

· Low Power (Isb = 2µa @ 5.5 V)
· I²C Bus, 2-Wire Serial Interface
· Support Byte Write and Page Write (16 Bytes)
· Automatic Page write Operation (maximum 10 ms)

Internal Control Timer
Internal Data Latches for 16 Bytes

· Hardware Data Protection by Write Protect Pin
· High Reliability CMOS Technology with EEPROM Cell

Endurance : 1,000,000 Cycles
Data Retention : 100 Y

ears

PIN DESCRIPTION

WRITE PROTECT (WP)
When the write protect input is connected to Vcc,
the upper half of memory (400-7FFH) is protected
against write operations. For normal write opera-
tion, the write protect pin should be grounded.
When this pin is left unconnected, WP is inter-
preted as zero.

SERIAL DATA (SDA)
SDA is a bidirectional pin used to transfer data
in and out of the Turbo IC 24C16. The pin is an
open-drain output. A pullup resistor must be con-
nected from SDA to Vcc.

SERIAL CLOCK (SCL)
The SCL input synchronizes the data on the SDA
bus. It is used in conjunction with SDA to define
the start and stop conditions. It is also used in
conjunction with SDA to transfer data to and from
the Turbo IC 24C16.

24C16

Turbo IC, Inc.

Note: The write cycle time t

is the time from a valid stop condition of a write sequence to the end of the internal clear / write cycle.

DESCRIPTION (Continued):
For a write operation, the master issues a start condition, a
device address byte, a memory address byte, and then up to
16 data bytes. The Turbo IC 24C16 acknowledges after each
byte transmission. To terminate the transmission, the master
issues a stop condition by pulling SDA from low to high while
SCL is high.

For a read operation, the master issues a start condition and
a device address byte. The Turbo IC 24C16 acknowledges,
and then transmits a data byte, which is accessed from the
EEPROM memory. The master acknowledges, indicating that
it requires more data bytes. The Turbo IC 24C16 transmits
more data bytes, with the memory address counter auto-
matically incrementing for each data byte, until the master
does not acknowledge, indicating that it is terminating the
transmission. The master then issues a stop condition.

DEVICE OPERATION:

BIDIRECTIONAL BUS PROTOCOL:
The Turbo IC 24C16 follows the I²C bus protocol. The proto-
col defines any device that sends data onto the SDA bus as
a transmitter, and the receiving device as a receiver. The
device controlling the transfer is the master and the device
being controlled is the slave. The master always initiates the
data transfers, and provides the clock for both transmit and
receive operations. The Turbo IC 24C16 acts as a slave de-
vice in all applications. Either the master or the slave can
take control of the SDA bus, depending on the requirement
of the protocol.

START/STOP CONDITION AND DATA TRANSITIONS:
While SCL clock is high, a high to low transition on the SDA
bus is recognized as a START condition which precedes any
read or write operation. While SCL clock is high, a low to
high transition on the SDA bus is recognized as a STOP con-
dition which terminates the communication and places the
Turbo IC 24C16 into standby mode. All other data transitions
on the SDA bus must occur while SCL clock is low to ensure
proper operation.

ACKNOWLEDGE:
All data is serially transmitted in bytes (8 bits) on the SDA
bus. The acknowledge protocol is used as a handshake sig-
nal to indicate successful transmission of a byte of data. The
bus transmitter, either the master or the slave (Turbo IC
24C16), releases the bus after sending a byte of data on the
SDA bus. The receiver pulls the SDA bus low during the ninth
clock cycle to acknowledge the successful transmission of a
byte of data. If the SDA is not pulled low during the ninth
clock cycle, the Turbo IC 24C16 terminates the data trans-
mission and goes into standby mode.

For the write operation, the Turbo IC 24C16 acknowledges
after the device address byte, acknowledges after the memory
address byte, and acknowledges after each subsequent data
byte.

For the read operation, the Turbo IC 24C16 acknowledges
after the device address byte. Then the Turbo IC 24C16 trans-
mits each subsequent data byte, and the master acknowl-
edges after each data byte transfer, indicating that it requires
more data bytes. The Turbo IC 24C16 monitors the SDA bus
for the acknowledge. To terminate the transmission, the mas-
ter does not acknowledge, and then sends a stop condition.

Write Cycle Timing

SCL

SDA

WORD n

8th BIT

ACK

STOP

CONDITION

START

CONDITION

24C16

Turbo IC, Inc.

DEVICE ADDRESSING:
Following the start condition, the master will issue a device
address byte consisting of 1010 (B10) (B9) (B8) (R/W) to
access the selected Turbo IC 24C16 for a read or write op-
eration. The B[10:8] bits are the 3 most significant bits of the
memory address. The (R/W) bit is a high (1) for read and low
(0) for write.

DATA INPUT DURING WRITE OPERATION:
During the write operation, the Turbo IC 24C16 latches the
SDA bus signal on the rising edge of the SCL clock.

DATA OUTPUT DURING READ OPERATION:
During the read operation, the Turbo IC 24C16 serially shifts
the data onto the SDA bus on the falling edge of the SCL
clock.

MEMORY ADDRESSING:
The memory address is sent by the master in the form of 2
bytes. Memory address bits B[10:8], are included in the de-
vice address byte. The remaining memory address bits B[7:0]
are included in the second byte. The memory address byte
can only be sent as part of a write operation.

BYTE WRITE OPERATION:
The master initiates the byte write operation by issuing a
start condition, followed by the device address byte 1010
(B10) (B9) (B8) 0, followed by the memory address byte,
followed by one data byte, followed by an acknowledge, then
a stop condition. After each byte transfer, the Turbo IC 24C16
acknowledges the successful data transmission by pulling
the SDA bus low. The stop condition starts the internal
EEPROM write cycle, and all inputs are disabled until the
completion of the write cycle. If the WP pin is high (1) and the
memory address is within the upper half (400-7FFH) of
memory, then the stop condition does not start the internal
write cycle and the Turbo IC 24C16 is immediately ready for
the next command.

PAGE WRITE OPERATION:
The master initiates the page write operation by issuing a
start condition, followed by the device address byte 1010
(B10) (B9) (B8) 0, followed by the memory address byte,
followed by up to 16 data bytes, followed by an acknowledge,
then a stop condition. After each byte transfer, the Turbo IC
24C16 acknowledges the successful data transmission by
pulling SDA low. After each data byte transfer, the memory
address counter is automatically incremented by one. The
stop condition starts the internal EEPROM write cycle only if
the stop condition occurs in the clock cycle immediately fol-
lowing the acknowledge (10th clock cycle). All inputs are dis-
abled until the completion of the write cycle. If the WP pin is
high (1) and the memory address is within the

upper half (400-7FFH) of memory, then the stop condition
does not start the internal write cycle, and the Turbo IC 24C16
is immediately ready for the next command.

POLLING ACKNOWLEDGE:
During the internal write cycle of a write operation in the Turbo
IC 24C16, the completion of the write cycle can be detected
by polling acknowledge. The master starts acknowledge poll-
ing by issuing a start condition, then followed by the device
address byte 1010 (B10) (B9) (B8) 0. If the internal write
cycle is finished, the Turbo IC 24C16 acknowledges by pull-
ing the SDA bus low. If the internal write cycle is still ongoing,
the Turbo IC 24C16 does not acknowledge because it's in-
puts are disabled. Therefore, the device will not respond to
any command. By using polling acknowledge, the system
delay for write operations can be reduced. Otherwise, the
system needs to wait for the maximum internal write cycle
time, tWC, given in the spec.

POWER ON RESET:
The Turbo IC 24C16 has a Power On Reset circuit (POR) to
prevent data corruption and accidental write operations dur-
ing power up. On power up, the internal reset signal is on
and the Turbo IC 24C16 will not respond to any command
until the VCC voltage has reached the POR threshold value.

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