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PRELIMINARY

Vicor Corp. Tel: 800-735-6200, 978-470-2900 Fax: 978-475-6715

QPO-1 Data Sheet

Page 1 of 8

Parameter

Rating

Unit

Notes

+In to In

Vdc

Continuous

+In to In

Vdc

100ms

Load current

Continuous

Maximum power dissipation

Operating temperature

-20 to +85

°C

Ambient

Package thermal resistance

°C/W

Free Air

Package thermal resistance

TBD

°C/W

Optimum heat sinking

Storage temperature

-40 to +125

°C

Features

· >20dB PARD attenuation from

50Hz to 500kHz

· Supports point of load regulation

· Peak ripple detector optimizes

performance automatically

· Significantly improves load

transient response

· Efficiency up to 98%

· User selectable performance

optimization

· 3-30Vdc operating range

· 10A rating

Product Highlights

Picor's QPO-1 output ripple attenuator

System-in-a-Package (SiP) provides active

filtering to achieve greater than 20 dB

attenuation of periodic and random deviation

(PARD) over the frequency range of

50Hz to 500kHz.

The QPO-1 operates over a voltage range

of 3 to 30Vdc and is compatible with most

switching power supplies and converters.

The load is regulated by using remote

sensing or a reference type trim adjustment

feature as is commonly found on most

power supplies.

The QPO-1's closed loop architecture

greatly improves load transient response

while ensuring steady-state precise point of

load voltage regulation. The QPO-1 is

available in surface mountable Land Grid

and Ball Grid Array terminations.

Data Sheet

QuietPower

Output Ripple Attenuation SiP

Shown actual size:

1.0 x 1.0 x 0.2 in

25 x 25 x 5 mm

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Exceeding these parameters may result in permanent damage to the product

Part Numbering

Patents Pending

Q P O - 1 L

L = Land Grid Array

B = Ball Grid Array

Vicor Corp. Tel: 800-735-6200, 978-470-2900 Fax: 978-475-6715

QPO-1 Data Sheet

Page 2 of 8

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PRELIMINARY

QPO-1 SiP SPECIFICATIONS (-20°C to +100°C PCB Substrate temperature)

Electrical Characteristics

Electrical characteristics apply over the full operating range of input voltage, output power and PCB substrate temperature, unless
otherwise specified. All temperatures refer to the operating temperature at the interface of the PCB surface with proper reflow mounting of
QPO-1. The PCB surface must have sufficient area and heat via's to the opposite side to achieve the optimum thermal resistance.

QPO-1 Output

Value (ohms)

3.0V

20k

5.0V

33.3k

12.0V

80k

15.0V

100k

24.0V

160k

28.0V

187k

Table 1--R

computed values for V

= 375mV @100mA.

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

Notes

Operating current range

0.03

There is no internal current limiting. The system must
be properly fused such that the current does not exceed
the absolute maximum rating of 15A. A minimum
current of 30mA is needed to maintain regulation.

Operating input voltage

3.0

Vdc

Continuous

Transient output response

Step load change rates <1A/µs

@ 2A step

mVp-p

=375mV @ 100mA, Input capacitance = 200µF

@ 10A step

mVp-p

=375mV @ 100mA, Input capacitance = 1500µF

headroom voltage range

(1)

225

525

@ 100mA load with 100mVp-p ripple.
See Table 1 for headroom setting R

resistor values.

QPO

OUT

must be set below converter over voltage trip.

Output noise

mVp-p

Input PARD = 100mVp-p, 50Hz-500kHz

mVrms

SC output current accuracy

(2)

±1

See Note 2 and Figure 2 for setting R

value

/ R

QPO-1 bias current

Power dissipation

4.0

QPO

OUT

= 28V; Iout = 10A

= 375mV @ 100mA

(without slope adjust or peak detection.)

(1)

Headroom voltage, peak detection and slope adjustment must be chosen by the user based on attenuation and efficiency requirements.

The functional description section explains how to optimize the configuration of the QPO-1 for the voltage source used. The headroom

voltage is the difference between the input and the output of the QPO-1 and is set by the selection of resistor R

Calculate R

as shown.

= (QPO

OUT

/ V

) x 2.5k (see Table 1 for example values)

(2)

resistor sets the correction current required to trim the source output up to accommodate the headroom of the QPO-1 when remote

sense is not used. This function will accommodate power supplies with positive reference based trim configuration.

= R

IN *

OUT

/ V

RPT

( If a converter is trimmed down use the resulting V

OUT

voltage in the formula for R

)

Where:

= input resistance of the SC or Trim pin;

OUT

= source output voltage;

RPT

= SC or Trim pin pre-trimmed reference

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PRELIMINARY

Vicor Corp. Tel: 800-735-6200, 978-470-2900 Fax: 978-475-6715

QPO-1 Data Sheet

Page 3 of 8

Application Notes

Figure 1--Typical Configuration using Remote Sensing

Figure 2--Typical Configuration using Trim Control

15uF

QPO

OUT

SLOPE ADJ

SC SET 6

CESR 5

VREF

GND

PEAK

QPO

REFGND

GND

QPO-1

Load

Cps*

Rps

{

IN*

20k** 4.7uF**

Module
+ OUT

+ Sense

Sense

Module
OUT

Trim

*Optional Component
See Description

**Required only for
engineering samples

Qp*

15uF

SLOPE ADJ

SC SET 6

CESR

VREF

GND

REFGND

GND

QPO-1

Load

IN*

Module
+ OUT

Trim

Module
OUT

QPO

OUT

PEAK

QPO

{

*Optional Component
See Description

20k** 4.7uF**

**Required only for
engineering samples

Functional Description

The QPO-1 is an active power filter that provides attenuation
of power supply output PARD. The measured attenuation
performance over frequency is shown in Figure 3 at output
voltage conditions of 3.3 and 28 Vdc. The user can select
and optimize the attenuation versus power dissipation by
setting the headroom voltage of the active loop.

The conditions in Figure 3 were measured with a low current
headroom setting of 375mV with approximately 100mV
peak-to-peak ripple voltage on the input to the QPO-1. The
remote sense circuit configuration was used as shown in
Figure 1 with the peak detector function enabled. Some
power supplies need to sense the output ripple for proper
operation. Cps couples the unfiltered ripple back to the sense
input while Rps provides the DC feedback to the power
supply from the load.

Typical improvement in output noise and transient
performance with a 3.3V converter is shown in Figure 4.
This measured data demonstrates the reduction in noise and
ripple at the output of the QPO-1 versus the source output as
well as the transient capability stepping from 1 to 10A
load current - the maximum current rating. This particular
converter has sufficient output capacitance and response
time to load changes such that no additional capacitance,C

IN,

is needed on the input of the QPO-1 to reach a 10A level and
still maintain the output within ±50mV.

Ch1: QPO

Ch4: QPO

OUT

Ch3: Load Current 10A peak, pulse width = 400µS

Load Current Static = 1A
Load Current Transient = 9A
Headroom Voltage @ 100mA = 400mV

Attenuation VS Frequency

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

1.00E+02

1.00E+03

1.00E+04

1.00E+05

1.00E+06

Frequency (Hz)

Attenuation (dB)

28V 10A

3.3V 10A

Figure 3-- Attenuation vs. Frequency

Figure 4 Transient Response using a Vicor
3.3V Half Brick Converter

Vicor Corp. Tel: 800-735-6200, 978-470-2900 Fax: 978-475-6715

QPO-1 Data Sheet

Page 4 of 8

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PRELIMINARY

The product can be used with voltage sources from 3 to 30Vdc
by using either the remote sense or the voltage trim feature.
The two different circuit schematics are shown in Figures 1 and
2. For either configuration, the source output will increase to
accommodate the headroom setting of the QPO-1 filter to
maintain the load voltage at the required level.

The user can optimize performance by setting the low current
(100mA) headroom operating point per Table 1 or by using the
formulas in Notes 1 and 2 above the table. The user must be
aware of the sources over-voltage set-point and not create a
headroom voltage that will cause a shutdown condition. For this
reason it is recommended that the QPO-1 be used with power
supplies running at their factory preset voltages or in a trimmed
down configuration.

In low voltage applications (<12V), it may be required to use the

capacitor. This creates a soft starting of the source

preventing the output from tripping the over voltage function

while the QPO-1 output line comes up to the set-point. The C

value will be converter dependent but is typically around 5 to

22µF. Remote sensing may also require Qp for start up, use a

logic level low voltage PFET such as IRLML6401 or equivalent.

The spice simulation Figures 5, 6, and 7 demonstrate the effects
of headroom versus attenuation for 3.3, 15, and 28V respectively.
The attenuation and power dissipation will decrease with
headroom setting so a trade-off can be selected for efficiency
versus attenuation. The transient performance is proportional to
the headroom setting, power source response time and the
capacitance present at the input to the QPO-1. The capacitance
may be within the power supply that is used or supplemented by
external capacitance. Consideration of the source's sensitivity to
additional output capacitance and stability must be understood
before additional capacitance is added for enhancement of
transient performance.

The QPO-1 has two additional features that the user can select to
further optimize performance. The first is a headroom slope
adjustment that reduces the headroom voltage drop with
increasing load current. The second is a peak detector function
that increases the headroom voltage by the peak of the ripple
voltage.

Headroom Slope Adjustment
This can be used to allow for more headroom and improved
transient response at lower loads and also to approximate
constant power dissipation over the load range. The slope of this
curve is set by the slope adjust resistor R

. See below for setting

the R

value. The headroom in Figures 5, 6, and 7 are at 10A

and have been reduced by 150mV from the low current
headroom setting with the slope function using an R

value of

8.2k

. This feature is useful to improve efficiency when used

with converters that have decreasing ripple with increasing load
current such as is typical with Vicor products.

1 0 H z

1 0 0 H z

1 . 0kHz

1 0 k H z

1 0 0 k H z

1 .

0 M H z

- 1 0 0

- 5 0

VHR=203mV

VHR=167mV

VHR=134mV

VHR=103mV

VHR=256mV

VHR=300mV

Vout = 3.3V, ILOAD = 10A

F r e q u e n c y

Vout = 15V, ILOAD = 10A

1 0 H z

- 1 0 0

- 5 0

1.0kHz

1 0 k H z

1 0 0 k H z

1 . 0 M H z

F r e q u e n c y

100Hz

VHR=203mV

VHR=167mV

VHR=134mV

VHR=103mV

VHR=256mV

VHR=300mV

Figure 5 Attenuation vs Frequency @ 3.3 volts

Figure 6 Attenuation vs frequency @ 15 volts

F r e q u e n c y

1 0 H z

1 0 0 H z

1 . 0 k H z

1 0 k H z

1 0 0 k H z

1 . 0 M H z

VHR=203mV

VHR=167mV

VHR=134mV

VHR=103mV

VHR=256mV

VHR=300mV

VOUT = 28V, ILOAD = 10A

- 1 0 0

- 5 0

Figure 7 Attenuation vs Frequency @ 28 volts

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PRELIMINARY

Vicor Corp. Tel: 800-735-6200, 978-470-2900 Fax: 978-475-6715

QPO-1 Data Sheet

Page 5 of 8

The slope adjust feature can be set to zero providing relative
constant headroom versus load using an R

of 100k

. The user

can optimize performance based on the expected variation in load
current and the desired power dissipation range. The formula
below should be used to calculate the R

value for the desired

headroom versus current slope. If the peak detector is enabled,
the peak of the ripple will be added back to the headroom at a
given load condition.

= ((

I*0.05)/

V) *2500

Example: For a 5A maximum load and a 150mV
reduction in headroom.

=((5A*0.05/0.15V)*2500

= 4.167k

Peak Detector Function
This feature dynamically adds to the headroom voltage to
accommodate converter ripple variation. This feature can be
enabled by connecting the PEAK

pin to the QPO

pin and

disabled by putting a small RC filter at the PEAK

pin as shown

in Figure 8.

The active loop performance has been optimized for 45 degrees
of phase margin over the expected load range. C

shown in Figs

1 and 2 must be a low ESR ceramic capacitor. Loading the
QPO-1 directly with low ESR ceramic capacitance will affect the
phase margin and is not recommended. The distributed load
capacitance and inductance of the load path will vary depending
on the application. The effects of a distributed load impedance
on phase margin when very low ESR load capacitance is present
will typically be mitigated by the distributed inductance of the
load path. The transient load response in Figure 4 was measured
with approximately 10nH of distributed inductance between
QPO-1 output and the load board which had a 15µF low ESR
ceramic capacitor across the static load resistance.

The following is a summary of the optional configurations that a
user can select for the QPO-1.

· No slope adjust, no peak detect:

fixed headroom over ripple amplitude and current.

· Same as above, but with peak detect enabled:

peak of ripple amplitude is added to the headroom voltage
optimizing headroom with varying ripple amplitude.

· No peak detection with slope adjust:

to improve transient load range and efficiency trading off
attenuation at high current.

· Using both peak detection and slope adjust:

to accommodate ripple amplitude variation with increased
transient capability and efficiency.

Module
+ OUT

QPO

PEAK

0.1

Figure 8 Peak detector Disable Circuit

QPO-1 Attenuation vs. Power

Iload=10A

1% Rhr std. values for VOUT=3.3V 15V 28V

Rss=100k (delta Vhr = 0mV from 0.1 to 10A)

3.3V 15V 28V

69.8k 324k 602k

47.5k 215k 402k

39.2k 178k 332k

30.1k 137k 255k

24.9k 113k 210k

21k 95.3k 178k

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

Watts

500kHz

50Hz

Figure 9 Power vs Attenuation without slope

QPO-1 Attenuation vs. Power

Iload=10A

1% Rhr std. values for VOUT=3.3V 15V 28V

Rss=7.1k (delta Vhr =150mV from 0.1 to 10A)

14.3k 64.9k 121k

16.5k 75k 140k

18.2k 82.5k 154k

21k 95.3k 178k

22.6k 102k 191k

24.9k 113k 210k

3.3V 15V 28V

27.4k 124k 232k

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

Watt

500kHz

50Hz

Figure 10 Power vs Attenuation with slope adjust

Vicor Corp. Tel: 800-735-6200, 978-470-2900 Fax: 978-475-6715

QPO-1 Data Sheet

Page 6 of 8

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PRELIMINARY

LOAD Current

1 A

2 A

3 A

4 A

5 A

6 A

7 A

8 A

9 A

1 0 A

0 V

2 0 0 m V

4 0 0 m V

6 0 0 m V

HEADRO

O
M

Headroom vs. Load, Vout = 3.3V

= 14.3k

= 16.5k

= 18.2k

= 20.5k

= 22.6k

= 24.9k

= 27.4k

1 A

2 A

3 A

4 A

5 A

6 A

7 A

8 A

9 A

1 0 A

LOAD Current

0 V

2 0 0 m V

4 0 0 m V

6 0 0 m V

HEADROOM

Headroom vs. Load, Vout = 15V

= 64.9k

= 75k

= 82.5k

= 93.1k

= 102k

= 113k

= 124k

Figure 11 Headroom vs Current @ 3.3V with 150mV of slope

adjust from 0.1A to 10A

Figure 12 Headroom vs Current @ 15V with 150mV of slope

adjust from 0.1A to 10A

1 A

2 A

3 A

4 A

5 A

6 A

7 A

8 A

9 A

1 0 A

LOAD Current

0 V

2 0 0 m V

4 0 0 m V

6 0 0 m V

H
E

D
R
O
O
M

Headroom vs. Load, Vout = 28V

= 121k

= 140k

= 154k

= 174k

= 191k

= 210k

= 232k

Figure 13 Headroom vs Current @ 28V with 150mV of slope

adjust from 0.1A to 10A

Figures 11, 12, and 13 show the headroom performance at 3.3,
15, and 28 volts respectively with an R

= 8.2k for the three plots.

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PRELIMINARY

Vicor Corp. Tel: 800-735-6200, 978-470-2900 Fax: 978-475-6715

QPO-1 Data Sheet

Page 7 of 8

Mechanical Drawings

0.984

0.192

0.200

0.192

0.200

0.092

0.125

0.092

0.062

0.250

0.200

0.046

SiP Bottom View

Pad Dimensions and Locations

0.177

0.006

Detail A (4 places)

Detail B (15 places)

Detail C (1 place)

(96 places)

0.125

0.050

0.075

0.050

0.075

0.050

0.150

0.050

0.075

0.050

0.150

0.050

0.100

ÿ0.030

BGA Pattern

LGA Pattern

SiP Bottom View

Pad Designations

GND

OUT

SC SET

CESR

REFGND

VREF

SLOPE ADJ

RAMIN

RAMOUT

GND

SC SET

CESR

REFGND

VREF

SLOPE ADJ

11,12,13,14,18
7,8,9,10,17
1,19,20
6

PEAK

PEAKIN

Vicor Corp. Tel: 800-735-6200, 978-470-2900 Fax: 978-475-6715

QPO-1 Data Sheet

P/N 26090

Rev. 1.0

12/02/10M

Set your site on VICOR at www.vicorpower.com

Vicor's comprehensive line of power solutions includes modular, high-
density AC-DC & DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully
configurable AC-DC & DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom
power systems.

Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is
assumed by Vicor for its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent
rights of Vicor. Vicor components are not designed to be used in applications, such as life support systems,
wherein a failure or malfunction could result in injury or death. All sales are subject to Vicor's Terms and
Conditions of Sale, which are available upon request.

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Vicor Corporation

25 Frontage Road

Andover, MA, USA 01810

Tel: 800-735-6200

Fax: 978-475-6715

Email

Vicor Express: vicorexp@vicr.com
Technical Support: apps@vicr.com

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