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©2004 by ZiLOG, Inc. All rights reserved. Information in this publication concerning the devices,
applications, or technology described is intended to suggest possible uses and may be superseded.
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ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION, DEVICES, OR TECHNOLOGY DESCRIBED IN THIS
DOCUMENT. ZiLOG ALSO DOES NOT ASSUME LIABILITY FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
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document under any intellectual property rights.

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Table of Contents

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

iii

Table of Contents

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Part Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
CPU and Peripheral Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

eZ8 CPU Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
General Purpose I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Flash Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Internal Precision Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
UART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Interrupt Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Reset Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
On-Chip Debugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Available Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Pin Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Signal Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Pin Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Register File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Program Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Data Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Flash Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Register Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Reset, STOP Mode Recovery and Low Voltage Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Reset Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Reset Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Power-On Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Voltage Brown-Out Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Watch-Dog Timer Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
External Reset Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
External Reset Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

STOP Mode Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

STOP Mode Recovery Using Watch-Dog Timer Time-Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
STOP Mode Recovery Using a GPIO Port Pin Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
STOP Mode Recovery Using the External RESET Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Reset Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Low-Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
STOP Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
HALT Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Peripheral-Level Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Power Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

General-Purpose I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
GPIO Port Availability By Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
GPIO Alternate Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Shared Debug Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5V Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
External Clock Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
GPIO Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
GPIO Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Port AC Address Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Port AC Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Port AC Data Direction Sub-Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Port AC Alternate Function Sub-Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Port AC Input Data Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Port AC Output Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Interrupt Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Interrupt Vector Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

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Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Master Interrupt Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Interrupt Vectors and Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Interrupt Assertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Software Interrupt Assertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Interrupt Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Interrupt Request 0 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Interrupt Request 1 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Interrupt Request 2 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
IRQ0 Enable High and Low Bit Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
IRQ1 Enable High and Low Bit Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
IRQ2 Enable High and Low Bit Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Interrupt Edge Select Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Interrupt Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Timer Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Reading the Timer Count Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Timer Pin Signal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Timer Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Timer 01 High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Timer Reload High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Timer 0-1 PWM High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Timer 01 Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Watch-Dog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Watch-Dog Timer Refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Watch-Dog Timer Time-Out Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Watch-Dog Timer Reload Unlock Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Watch-Dog Timer Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Watch-Dog Timer Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Watch-Dog Timer Reload Upper, High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . 82

UART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

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Table of Contents

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Transmitting Data using the Polled Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Transmitting Data using the Interrupt-Driven Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Receiving Data using the Polled Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Receiving Data using the Interrupt-Driven Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Clear To Send (CTS) Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
External Driver Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
UART Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
UART Baud Rate Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

UART Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

UART Transmit Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
UART Receive Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
UART Status 0 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
UART Status 1 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
UART Control 0 and Control 1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
UART Address Compare Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Infrared Encoder/Decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Transmitting IrDA Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Receiving IrDA Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Infrared Encoder/Decoder Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Analog-to-Digital Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Automatic Powerdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Single-Shot Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Continuous Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

ADC Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

ADC Control Register 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
ADC Control/Status Register 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
ADC Data High Byte Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
ADC Data Low Bits Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

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4K Series

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vii

Flash Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Flash Information Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Flash Operation Timing Using the Flash Frequency Registers . . . . . . . . . 119
Flash Code Protection Against External Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Flash Code Protection Against Accidental Program and Erasure . . . . . . . 119
Byte Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Page Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Mass Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Flash Controller Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Flash Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Flash Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Flash Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Flash Page Select Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Flash Sector Protect Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Flash Frequency High and Low Byte Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Flash Option Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Option Bit Configuration By Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Option Bit Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Flash Option Bit Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Trim Bit Address Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Trim Bit Data Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Flash Option Bit Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Flash Program Memory Address 0000H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Flash Program Memory Address 0001H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Trim Bit Address Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Trim Bit Address 0000H - Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Trim Bit Address 0001H - Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Trim Bit Address 0002H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Trim Bit Address 0003H - Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Trim Bit Address 0004H - Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

On-Chip Debugger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

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Table of Contents

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

viii

OCD Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
DEBUG Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
OCD Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
OCD Auto-Baud Detector/Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
OCD Serial Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Runtime Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

On-Chip Debugger Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
On-Chip Debugger Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

OCD Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
OCD Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Oscillator Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

System Clock Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Oscillator Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Internal Precision Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

eZ8 CPU Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Assembly Language Programming Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Assembly Language Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
eZ8 CPU Instruction Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
eZ8 CPU Instruction Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Opcode Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
AC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
On-Chip Peripheral AC and DC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

General Purpose I/O Port Input Data Sample Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
General Purpose I/O Port Output Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
On-Chip Debugger Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
UART Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

PS024302-0904

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List of Figures

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

List of Figures

Figure 1. 4K Series Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Figure 2. Z8F04x3, Z8F02x3, and Z8F01x3 in 8-Pin SOIC or PDIP Package . . 8

Figure 3. Z8F04x3, Z8F02x3, and Z8F01x3 in 20-Pin SOIC, SSOP or PDIP
Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figure 4. Z8F04x3, Z8F02x3, and Z8F01x3k in 28-Pin SOIC, SSOP or PDIP
Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figure 5. Power-On Reset Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 6. Voltage Brown-Out Reset Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Figure 7. GPIO Port Pin Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Figure 8. Interrupt Controller Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Figure 9. Timer Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Figure 10. UART Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Figure 11. UART Asynchronous Data Format without Parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Figure 12. UART Asynchronous Data Format with Parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Figure 13. UART Asynchronous MULTIPROCESSOR Mode Data Format . . . 90

Figure 14. UART Driver Enable Signal Timing (shown with 1 Stop Bit and
Parity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 15. UART Receiver Interrupt Service Routine Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Figure 16. Infrared Data Communication System Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . 103

Figure 17. Infrared Data Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Figure 18. IrDA Data Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Figure 19. Analog-to-Digital Converter Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Figure 20. Flash Memory Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Figure 21. Flash Controller Operation Flow Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Figure 22. On-Chip Debugger Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Figure 23. Interfacing the On-Chip Debugger's DBG Pin with an RS-232
Interface (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Figure 24. Interfacing the On-Chip Debugger's DBG Pin with an RS-232
Interface (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y

List of Figures

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Figure 25. OCD Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Figure 26. Opcode Map Cell Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Figure 27. First Opcode Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Figure 28. Second Opcode Map after 1FH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Figure 29. ICC Versus System Clock Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Figure 30. Port Input Sample Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Figure 31. GPIO Port Output Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Figure 32. On-Chip Debugger Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Figure 33. UART Timing With CTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Figure 34. UART Timing Without CTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Figure 35. 8-Pin Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Figure 36. 8-Pin Small Outline Integrated Circuit Package (SOIC) . . . . . . . . 180

Figure 37. 20-Pin Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Figure 38. 20-Pin Small Shrink Outline Package (SSOP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Figure 39. 28-Pin Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Figure 40. 28-Pin Small Outline Integrated Circuit Package (SOIC) . . . . . . . . 184

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y

List of Tables

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

xii

List of Tables

Table 1. 4K Series Family Part Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Table 2. 4K Series Package Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Table 3. Signal Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Table 4. Pin Characteristics (20- and 28-pin Devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Table 5. Pin Characteristics (8-Pin Devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Table 6. 4K Series Program Memory Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Table 7. 4K Series Flash Memory Information Area Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Table 8. Register File Address Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Table 9. Reset and STOP Mode Recovery Characteristics and Latency. . . . . . 20

Table 10. Reset Sources and Resulting Reset Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Table 11. STOP Mode Recovery Sources and Resulting Action . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Table 12. Reset Status Register (RSTSTAT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 13. Power Control Register 0 (PWRCTL0). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Table 14. Port Availability by Device and Package Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Table 15. Port Alternate Function Mapping (Non 8-Pin Parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 16. Port Alternate Function Mapping (8-Pin Parts). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Table 17. GPIO Port Registers and Sub-Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 18. Port AC GPIO Address Registers (PxADDR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Table 19. Port AC Control Registers (PxCTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 20. Port AC Data Direction Sub-Registers (PxDD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 21. Port AC Alternate Function Sub-Registers (PxAF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Table 22. Port AC Output Control Sub-Registers (PxOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Table 23. Port AC High Drive Enable Sub-Registers (PxHDE) . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Table 24. Port AC STOP Mode Recovery Source Enable Sub-Registers
(PxSMRE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Table 25. Port AC Pull-Up Enable Sub-Registers (PxPUE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Table 26. Port AC Alternate Function Set 1 Sub-Registers (PxAFS1). . . . . . . 43

Table 27. Port AC Alternate Function Set 2 Sub-Registers (PxAFS2). . . . . . . 44

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Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

xiii

Table 28. Port AC Input Data Registers (PxIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Table 29. Port AC Output Data Register (PxOUT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Table 30. Trap and Interrupt Vectors in Order of Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Table 31. Interrupt Request 0 Register (IRQ0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Table 32. Interrupt Request 1 Register (IRQ1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Table 33. Interrupt Request 2 Register (IRQ2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Table 34. IRQ0 Enable and Priority Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Table 35. IRQ0 Enable High Bit Register (IRQ0ENH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Table 36. IRQ0 Enable Low Bit Register (IRQ0ENL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Table 37. IRQ1 Enable and Priority Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Table 38. IRQ1 Enable High Bit Register (IRQ1ENH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Table 39. IRQ1 Enable Low Bit Register (IRQ1ENL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Table 40. IRQ2 Enable and Priority Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Table 41. IRQ2 Enable High Bit Register (IRQ2ENH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Table 42. IRQ2 Enable Low Bit Register (IRQ2ENL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Table 43. Interrupt Edge Select Register (IRQES). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Table 44. Interrupt Control Register (IRQCTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Table 45. Timer 01 High Byte Register (TxH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Table 46. Timer 01 Low Byte Register (TxL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Table 47. Timer 01 Reload High Byte Register (TxRH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Table 48. Timer 01 Reload Low Byte Register (TxRL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Table 49. Timer 01 PWM High Byte Register (TxPWMH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Table 50. Timer 01 Control Register 0 (TxCTL0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Table 51. Timer 01 PWM Low Byte Register (TxPWML) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Table 52. Timer 01 Control Register 1 (TxCTL1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Table 53. Watch-Dog Timer Approximate Time-Out Delays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Table 54. Watch-Dog Timer Control Register (WDTCTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Table 55. Watch-Dog Timer Reload Upper Byte Register (WDTU) . . . . . . . . . . 83

Table 56. Watch-Dog Timer Reload High Byte Register (WDTH) . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Table 57. Watch-Dog Timer Reload Low Byte Register (WDTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

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Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

xiv

Table 58. UART Transmit Data Register (U0TXD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Table 59. UART Receive Data Register (U0RXD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Table 60. UART Status 0 Register (U0STAT0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Table 61. UART Status 1 Register (U0STAT1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Table 62. UART Control 0 Register (U0CTL0). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Table 63. UART Control 1 Register (U0CTL1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Table 64. UART Address Compare Register (U0ADDR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Table 65. UART Baud Rate High Byte Register (U0BRH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Table 66. UART Baud Rate Low Byte Register (U0BRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Table 67. UART Baud Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Table 68. ADC Control Register 0 (ADCCTL0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Table 69. ADC Control/Status Register 1 (ADCCTL1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Table 70. ADC Data High Byte Register (ADCD_H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Table 71. ADC Data Low Bits Register (ADCD_L). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Table 72. 4K Series Flash Memory Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Table 73. Flash Code Protection Using the Flash Option Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Table 74. Flash Control Register (FCTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Table 75. Flash Status Register (FSTAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Table 76. Flash Page Select Register (FPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Table 77. Flash Sector Protect Register (FPROT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Table 78. Flash Frequency High Byte Register (FFREQH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Table 79. Flash Frequency Low Byte Register (FFREQL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Table 80. Trim Bit Address Register (TRMADR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Table 81. Trim Bit Data Register (TRMDR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Table 82. Flash Option Bits at Program Memory Address 0000H . . . . . . . . . . 128

Table 83. Flash Options Bits at Program Memory Address 0001H . . . . . . . . . 129

Table 84. Trim Option Bits at 0002H (TIPO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Table 85. OCD Baud-Rate Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Table 86. OCD Control Register (OCDCTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Table 87. OCD Status Register (OCDSTAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y

List of Tables

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Table 88. Oscillator Configuration and Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Table 89. Oscillator Control Register (OSCCTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Table 90. Assembly Language Syntax Example 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Table 91. Assembly Language Syntax Example 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Table 92. Notational Shorthand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Table 93. Additional Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Table 94. Arithmetic Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Table 95. Bit Manipulation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Table 96. Block Transfer Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Table 97. CPU Control Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Table 98. Logical Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Table 99. Load Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Table 100. Program Control Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Table 101. Rotate and Shift Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Table 102. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Table 103. Opcode Map Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Table 104. Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Table 105. DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Table 106. AC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Table 107. Power-On Reset and Voltage Brown-Out Electrical Characteristics
and Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Table 108. Flash Memory Electrical Characteristics and Timing . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Table 109. Watch-Dog Timer Electrical Characteristics and Timing . . . . . . . . 172

Table 110. Analog-to-Digital Converter Electrical Characteristics and Timing. 173

Table 111. GPIO Port Input Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Table 112. GPIO Port Output Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Table 113. On-Chip Debugger Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Table 114. UART Timing With CTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Table 115. UART Timing Without CTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Overview

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Overview

The Z8 Encore!

MCU family of products are the first in a line of ZiLOG

microcontrol-

ler products based upon the 8-bit eZ8 CPU. The Z8 Encore!

4K Series products, hereaf-

ter referred to collectively the Z8 Encore!

or the PartName, expand upon ZiLOG's

extensive line of 8-bit microcontrollers. The Flash in-circuit programming capability
allows for faster development time and program changes in the field. The new eZ8 CPU is
upward compatible with existing Z8

instructions. The rich peripheral set of the PartName

makes it suitable for a variety of applications including motor control, security systems,
home appliances, personal electronic devices, and sensors.

Features

5MHz eZ8 CPU

1KB, 2KB or 4KB Flash memory with in-circuit programming capability

256B, 512B or 1KB register RAM

6 to 24 I/O pins depending upon package

Internal Precision Oscillator

Full-duplex UART

Infrared Data Association (IrDA)-compliant infrared encoder/decoders, integrated with
UART

Two enhanced 16-bit timers with capture, compare, and PWM capability

Watch-Dog Timer (WDT) with dedicated internal RC oscillator

On-Chip Debugger

Optional 8-channel, 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

Up to 20 vectored interrupts

Voltage Brown-out Protection (VBO)

Power-On Reset (POR)

2.7 to 3.6V operating voltage

Up to thirteen 5V-tolerant input pins

0° to +70°C and -40° to +105°C for operating temperature ranges

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Overview

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Part Selection Guide

Table 1 identifies the basic features and package styles available for each device within the
PartName product line.

Block Diagram

Figure 1 illustrates the block diagram of the architecture of the PartName devices

Table 1. 4K Series Family Part Selection Guide

Part

Number

Flash

(KB)

RAM

(B)

EEPROM

(B)

I/O

ADC

Inputs

Packages

Z8F0423

1024

128

622

8-, 20- and 28-pins

Z8F0413

1024

128

624

8-, 20- and 28-pins

Z8F0223

512

622

8-, 20- and 28-pins

Z8F0213

512

624

8-, 20- and 28-pins

Z8F0123

256

622

8-, 20- and 28-pins

Z8F0113

256

624

8-, 20- and 28-pins

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Overview

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

CPU and Peripheral Overview

eZ8 CPU Features

The eZ8 CPU, ZiLOG

's latest 8-bit Central Processing Unit (CPU), meets the continuing

demand for faster and more code-efficient microcontrollers. The eZ8 CPU executes a
superset of the original Z8

instruction set. The eZ8 CPU features include:

Direct register-to-register architecture allows each register to function as an
accumulator, improving execution time and decreasing the required program memory

Software stack allows much greater depth in subroutine calls and interrupts than
hardware stacks

Compatible with existing Z8

code

Expanded internal Register File allows access of up to 4KB

New instructions improve execution efficiency for code developed using higher-level
programming languages, including C

Pipelined instruction fetch and execution

New instructions for improved performance including BIT, BSWAP, BTJ, CPC, LDC,
LDCI, LEA, MULT, and SRL

New instructions support 12-bit linear addressing of the Register File

Up to 10 MIPS operation

C-Compiler friendly

2 to 9 clock cycles per instruction

For more information regarding the eZ8 CPU, refer to the eZ8 CPU User Manual avail-
able for download at

www.zilog.com

General Purpose I/O

The Z8 Encore! PartName features 6 to 24 port pins (Ports AC) for general purpose I/O
(GPIO). The number of GPIO pins available is a function of package. Each pin is individ-
ually programmable.

Flash Controller

The Flash Controller programs and erases Flash memory. The Flash Controller supports
protection against accidental program and erasure.

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Overview

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Internal Precision Oscillator

The Internal Precision Oscillator (IPO) is a trimmable clock source that requires no exter-
nal components.

10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter

The optional Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) converts an analog input signal to a 10-
bit binary number. The ADC accepts inputs from 8 different analog input pins in both sin-
gle-ended and differential modes.

UART

The UART is full-duplex and capable of handling asynchronous data transfers. The UART
supports 8- and 9-bit data modes and selectable parity. The UART also supports multi-
drop address processing in hardware.

Timers

Two enhanced 16-bit reloadable timers can be used for timing/counting events or for
motor control operations. These timers provide a 16-bit programmable reload counter and
operate in One-Shot, Continuous, Gated, Capture, Capture Restart, Compare, Capture and
Compare, PWM Single Output and PWM Dual Output modes.

Interrupt Controller

The Z8 Encore!

4K Series products support up to 20 interrupts. These interrupts consist

of 8 internal peripheral interrupts and 12 general-purpose I/O pin interrupt sources. The
interrupts have 3 levels of programmable interrupt priority.

Reset Controller

The 4K Series products can be reset using the RESET pin, power-on reset, Watch-Dog
Timer (WDT) time-out, STOP mode exit, or Voltage Brown-Out (VBO) warning signal.
The RESET pin is bi-directional, meaning it functions as reset source as well as a reset
indicator.

On-Chip Debugger

The 4K Series products feature an integrated On-Chip Debugger (OCD). The OCD pro-
vides a rich set of debugging capabilities, such as reading and writing registers, program-

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Pin

Description

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Pin Description

Overview

The PartName products are available in a variety of packages styles and pin configura-
tions. This chapter describes the signals and available pin configurations for each of the
package styles. For information regarding the physical package specifications, refer to the
chapter

"Packaging" on page 179

Available Packages

Table 2 identifies the package styles that are available for each device in the PartName
product line.

Pin Configurations

Figure 2 through Figure 4 illustrate the pin configurations for all of the packages available
in the 4K Series. Refer to Table 3 for a description of the signals. The analog input alter-
nate functions (ANAx) are not available on the Z8F041A, Z8F021A, and Z8F011A
devices. The analog supply pins (AV

and AV

) are also not available on these parts,

and are replaced by PB6 and PB7.

At reset, all Port A, B and C pins default to an input state. In addition, any alternate func-
tionality is not enabled, so the pins function as general purpose input ports until pro-
grammed otherwise.

The pin configurations listed are preliminary and subject to change based on manufactur-
ing limitations.

Table 2. 4K Series Package Options

Part

Number

ADC

8-pin
PDIP

8-pin

SOIC

20-pin

PDIP

20-pin

SOIC

20-pin

SSOP

28-pin

PDIP

28-pin

SOIC

28-pin

SSOP

Z8F0423

Yes

Z8F0413

Z8F0223

Yes

Z8F0213

Z8F0123

Yes

Z8F0113

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Pin

Description

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Figure 2.Z8F04x3, Z8F02x3, and Z8F01x3 in 8-Pin SOIC or PDIP Package

Figure 3.Z8F04x3, Z8F02x3, and Z8F01x3 in 20-Pin SOIC, SSOP or PDIP Package

Figure 4.Z8F04x3, Z8F02x3, and Z8F01x3k in 28-Pin SOIC, SSOP or PDIP Package

VSS
PA5/TXD0/T1OUT/ANA0
PA4/RXD0/ANA1
PA3/CTS0/ANA2/T1IN

VDD

PA0/T0IN/T0OUT/DBG

PA1/T0OUT/ANA3/VREF/CLKIN

PA2/RESET/DE0/T1OUT

3
4

6
5

PB0/ANA0
PC3
PC2/ANA6
PC1/ANA5
PC0/ANA4
DBG
RESET
PA7/T1OUT
PA6/T1IN/T1OUT

PB1/ANA1
PB2/ANA2

PB3/CLKIN/ANA3

VDD

PA0/T0IN/T0OUT

PA1/T0OUT

VSS

PA2/DE0

PA5/TXD0

PA3/CTS0

PA4/RXD0

2
3
4

6
7
8
9

19
18
17

15
14
13
12

PB1/ANA1
PB0/ANA0
PC3/COUT
PC2/ANA6
PC1/ANA5
PC0/ANA4
DBG
RESET
PC7

PB2/ANA2

PB3/CLKIN/ANA3

PB4/ANA7

PB5/VREF

(PB6) AVDD

VDD

PA0/T0IN/T0OUT

PA1/T0OUT

PC6

VSS

(PB7) AVSS

PA2/DE0

PA3/CTS0

PA4/RXD0

PA5/TXD0

2
3
4

6
7
8
9

11
12
13

PC5
PC4

PA7/T1OUT

PA6/T1IN/T1OUT

27
26
25

23
22
21
20

18
17
16

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Pin

Description

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Signal Descriptions

Table 3 describes the PartName signals. Refer to the section

"Pin Configurations" on

page 7

to determine the signals available for the specific package styles.

Table 3. Signal Descriptions

Signal Mnemonic

I/O

Description

General-Purpose I/O Ports AD

PA[7:0]

I/O

Port A. These pins are used for general-purpose I/O.

PB[7:0]

I/O

Port B. These pins are used for general-purpose I/O. PB6 and PB7 are
available only in those devices without an ADC.

PC[7:0]

I/O

Port C. These pins are used for general-purpose I/O.

Note: PB6 and PB7 are only available in 28-pin packages without ADC. In 28-pin packages with ADC,
they are replaced by AV

and AV

UART Controllers

TXD0

Transmit Data. This signal is the transmit output from the UART and IrDA.

RXD0

Receive Data. This signal is the receive input for the UART and IrDA.

CTS0

Clear To Send. This signal is the flow control input for the UART.

Driver Enable. This signal allows automatic control of external RS-485
drivers. This signal is approximately the inverse of the TXE (Transmit
Empty) bit in the UART Status 0 register. The DE signal may be used to
ensure the external RS-485 driver is enabled when data is transmitted by
the UART.

Timers

T0OUT/T1OUT

Timer Output 01. These signals are output from the timers.

T0OUT/T1OUT

Timer Complement Output 01. These signals are output from the timers
in PWM Dual Output mode.

T0IN/T1IN

Timer Input 01. These signals are used as the capture, gating and
counter inputs. The T0IN signal is multiplexed T0OUT signals.

Analog

ANA[7:0]

Analog Port. These signals are used as inputs to the analog-to-digital
converter (ADC).

VREF

I/O

Analog-to-digital converter reference voltage input.

Clock Input

CLKIN

Clock Input Signal. This pin inputs a TTL-level signal to be used as the
system clock.

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Pin

Description

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Pin Characteristics

Table 4 provides detailed information about the characteristics for each pin available on
the 4K Series 20- and 28-pin devices. Data in Table 4 is sorted alphabetically by the pin
symbol mnemonic.

Table 5 provides detailed information about the characteristics for each pin available on
the 4K Series 8-pin devices,

All six I/O pins on the 8-pin packages are 5V-tolerant (unless the pull-up devices are
enabled). The column in Table 4 below describes 5V-tolerance for the 20 and 28-pin pack-
ages only.

On-Chip Debugger

DBG

I/O

Debug. This signal is the control and data input and output to and from the
On-Chip Debugger.
The DBG pin is open-drain and requires an external pull-up resistor to
ensure proper operation.

Reset

RESET

I/O

RESET. Generates a Reset when asserted (driven Low). Also serves as a
reset indicator; the Z8 Encore!

forces this pin low when in reset. This pin

is open-drain and features an enabled internal pull-up resistor.

Power Supply

Digital Power Supply.

Analog Power Supply.

Digital Ground.

Analog Ground.

Note: The AV

and AV

signals are available only in 28-pin packages with ADC. They are replaced by

PB6 and PB7 on 28-pin packages without ADC.

Table 3. Signal Descriptions (Continued)

Signal Mnemonic

I/O

Description

Caution:

Note:

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Pin

Description

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

PB6 and PB7 are available only in those devices without ADC.

Table 4. Pin Characteristics (20- and 28-pin Devices)

Symbol

Mnemonic Direction

Reset

Direction

Active

Low

Active

High

Tristate

Output

Internal Pull-

or Pull-down

Schmitt

Trigger

Input

Open Drain

Output

Tolerance

AVDD

N/A

AVSS

N/A

DBG

I/O

N/A

Yes

PA[7:0]

I/O

N/A

Yes

Programmable

Pull-up

Yes

Yes,

Programmable

PA[7:2] only

PB[7:0]

I/O

N/A

Yes

Programmable

Pull-up

Yes

Yes,

Programmable

PB[7:6] only

PC[7:0]

I/O

N/A

Yes

Programmable

Pull-up

Yes

Yes,

Programmable

PC[7:3] only

RESET

I/O

I/O Low N/A

Pull-up

Yes

N/A

Yes

VDD

N/A

VSS

N/A

Note:

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Pin

Description

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

)

Table 5. Pin Characteristics (8-Pin Devices)

Symbol

Mnemonic Direction

Reset

Direction

Active Low

Active

High

Tristate

Output

Internal Pull-

or Pull-down

Schmitt

Trigger

Input

Open Drain

Output

Tolerance

PA0/DBG

I/O

I (but can

change

during

reset if

key

sequence

detected)

N/A

Yes

Programmable

Pull-up

Yes

Yes,

Programmable

Yes, unless

pull-ups

enabled

PA1

I/O

N/A

Yes

Programmable

Pull-up

Yes

Yes,

Programmable

Yes, unless

pull-ups

enabled

RESET/

PA2

I/O

N/A

Yes

Programmable

for PA2;

always on for

RESET

Yes

programmable

for PA2; always

on for RESET

Yes, unless

pull-ups

enabled

PA[5:3]

I/O

N/A

Yes

Programmable

Pull-up

Yes

Yes,

Programmable

Yes, unless

pull-ups

enabled

VDD

N/A

VSS

N/A

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Address

Space

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Address Space

Overview

The eZ8 CPU can access three distinct address spaces:

The Register File contains addresses for the general-purpose registers and the eZ8 CPU,
peripheral, and general-purpose I/O port control registers.

The Program Memory contains addresses for all memory locations having executable
code and/or data.

The Data Memory contains addresses for all memory locations that contain data only.

These three address spaces are covered briefly in the following subsections. For more
detailed information regarding the eZ8 CPU and its address space, refer to the eZ8 CPU
User Manual available for download at

www.zilog.com

Register File

The Register File address space in the Z8 Encore!

MCU is 4KB (4096 bytes). The Regis-

ter File is composed of two sections: control registers and general-purpose registers. When
instructions are executed, registers defined as sources are read, and registers defined as
destinations are written. The architecture of the eZ8 CPU allows all general-purpose regis-
ters to function as accumulators, address pointers, index registers, stack areas, or scratch
pad memory.

The upper 256 bytes of the 4KB Register File address space are reserved for control of the
eZ8 CPU, the on-chip peripherals, and the I/O ports. These registers are located at
addresses from

F00H

FFFH

. Some of the addresses within the 256B control register sec-

tion are reserved (unavailable). Reading from a reserved Register File address returns an
undefined value. Writing to reserved Register File addresses is not recommended and can
produce unpredictable results.

The on-chip RAM always begins at address

000H

in the Register File address space. The

4K Series devices contain 256B to 1KB of on-chip RAM. Reading from Register File
addresses outside the available RAM addresses (and not within the control register address
space) returns an undefined value. Writing to these Register File addresses produces no
effect.

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Address

Space

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Program Memory

The eZ8 CPU supports 64KB of Program Memory address space. The PartName devices
contain 1KB to 4KB of on-chip Flash memory in the Program Memory address space,
depending on the device. Reading from Program Memory addresses outside the available
Flash memory addresses returns

FFH

. Writing to these unimplemented Program Memory

addresses produces no effect. Table 6 describes the Program Memory Maps for the Part-
Name products.

Table 6. 4K Series Program Memory Maps

Program Memory Address (Hex) Function

Z8F042A and Z8F041A Products

00000001

Flash Option Bits

00020003

Reset Vector

00040005

WDT Interrupt Vector

00060007

Illegal Instruction Trap

00080037

Interrupt Vectors*

003E0FFF

Program Memory

Z8F022A and Z8F021A Products

00000001

Flash Option Bits

00020003

Reset Vector

00040005

WDT Interrupt Vector

00060007

Illegal Instruction Trap

00080037

Interrupt Vectors*

003E07FF

Program Memory

Z8F012A and Z8F011A Products

00000001

Flash Option Bits

00020003

Reset Vector

00040005

WDT Interrupt Vector

00060007

Illegal Instruction Trap

00080037

Interrupt Vectors*

003E03FF

Program Memory

* See Table 30 on page 47 for a list of the interrupt vectors.

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Address

Space

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Data Memory

The 4K Series does not use the eZ8 CPU's 64KB Data Memory address space.

Flash Information Area

Table 7 describes the 4K Series Flash Information Area. This 128B Information Area is
accessed by setting bit 7 of the Flash Page Select Register to 1. When access is enabled,
the Flash Information Area is mapped into the Program Memory and overlays the 128
bytes at addresses

FE00H

FF7FH

. When the Information Area access is enabled, all

reads from these Program Memory addresses return the Information Area data rather than
the Program Memory data. Access to the Flash Information Area is read-only.

Table 7. 4K Series Flash Memory Information Area Map

Program Memory Address (Hex) Function

FE00FE3F

ZiLOG Option Bits

FE40FE53

Part Number
20-character ASCII alphanumeric code
Left justified and filled with FH

FE54FE5F

Reserved

FE60FE7F

ZiLOG Calibration Data

FE80FFFF

Reserved

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Register

Map

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

Register Map

Table 8 provides the address map for the Register File of the PartName devices. Not all
devices and package styles in the PartName support the ADC, or all of the GPIO Ports.
Consider registers for unimplemented peripherals as Reserved.

Table 8. Register File Address Map

Address (Hex) Register Description

Mnemonic

Reset (Hex)

Page #

General Purpose RAM

Z8F0423/Z8F0413 Devices
0003FF

General-Purpose Register File RAM

400EFF

Reserved

Z8F0223/Z8F0213 Devices
0001FF

General-Purpose Register File RAM

200EFF

Reserved

Z8F0123/Z8F0113 Devices
0000FF

General-Purpose Register File RAM

100EFF

Reserved --

Timer 0
F00

Timer 0 High Byte

T0H

F01

Timer 0 Low Byte

T0L

F02

Timer 0 Reload High Byte

T0RH

F03

Timer 0 Reload Low Byte

T0RL

F04

Timer 0 PWM High Byte

T0PWMH

F05

Timer 0 PWM Low Byte

T0PWML

F06

Timer 0 Control 0

T0CTL0

F07

Timer 0 Control 1

T0CTL1

Timer 1
F08

Timer 1 High Byte

T1H

F09

Timer 1 Low Byte

T1L

F0A

Timer 1 Reload High Byte

T1RH

F0B

Timer 1 Reload Low Byte

T1RL

F0C

Timer 1 PWM High Byte

T1PWMH

F0D

Timer 1 PWM Low Byte

T1PWML

XX=Undefined

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Register

Map

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

F0E

Timer 1 Control 0

T1CTL0

F0F

Timer 1 Control 1

T1CTL1

F10F3F

Reserved

UART 0
F40

UART0 Transmit Data

U0TXD

UART0 Receive Data

U0RXD

F41

UART0 Status 0

U0STAT0

0000011Xb

F42

UART0 Control 0

U0CTL0

F43

UART0 Control 1

U0CTL1

F44

UART0 Status 1

U0STAT1

F45

UART0 Address Compare

U0ADDR

101

F46

UART0 Baud Rate High Byte

U0BRH

101

F47

UART0 Baud Rate Low Byte

U0BRL

101

F48F6F

Reserved

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
F70

ADC Control 0

ADCCTL0

111

F71

ADC Control 1

ADCCTL1

111

F72

ADC Data High Byte

ADCD_H

113

F73

ADC Data Low Bits

ADCD_L

113

F74F7F

Reserved

Low Power Control
F80

Power Control 0

PWRCTL0

F81

Reserved

F82F85

Reserved

Oscillator Control
F86

Oscillator Control

OSCCTL

144

F87FBF

Reserved

Interrupt Controller
FC0

Interrupt Request 0

IRQ0

FC1

IRQ0 Enable High Bit

IRQ0ENH

FC2

IRQ0 Enable Low Bit

IRQ0ENL

FC3

Interrupt Request 1

IRQ1

FC4

IRQ1 Enable High Bit

IRQ1ENH

FC5

IRQ1 Enable Low Bit

IRQ1ENL

Table 8. Register File Address Map (Continued)

Address (Hex) Register Description

Mnemonic

Reset (Hex)

Page #

XX=Undefined

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P R E L I M I N A R Y Register

Map

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FC6

Interrupt Request 2

IRQ2

FC7

IRQ2 Enable High Bit

IRQ2ENH

FC8

IRQ2 Enable Low Bit

IRQ2ENL

FC9FCC

Reserved

FCD

Interrupt Edge Select

IRQES

FCE

Reserved

FCF

Interrupt Control

IRQCTL

GPIO Port A
FD0

Port A Address

PAADDR

FD1

Port A Control

PACTL

FD2

Port A Input Data

PAIN

FD3

Port A Output Data

PAOUT

GPIO Port B
FD4

Port B Address

PBADDR

FD5

Port B Control

PBCTL

FD6

Port B Input Data

PBIN

FD7

Port B Output Data

PBOUT

GPIO Port C
FD8

Port C Address

PCADDR

FD9

Port C Control

PCCTL

FDA

Port C Input Data

PCIN

FDB

Port C Output Data

PCOUT

FDCFEF

Reserved

Watch-Dog Timer (WDT)
FF0

Reset Status

RSTSTAT

Watch-Dog Timer Control

WDTCTL

FF1

Watch-Dog Timer Reload Upper Byte

WDTU

FF2

Watch-Dog Timer Reload High Byte

WDTH

FF3

Watch-Dog Timer Reload Low Byte

WDTL

FF4FF5

Reserved

Trim Bit Control
FF6

Trim Bit Address

TRMADR

127

FF7

Trim Data

TRMDR

127

Table 8. Register File Address Map (Continued)

Address (Hex) Register Description

Mnemonic

Reset (Hex)

Page #

XX=Undefined

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P R E L I M I N A R Y Reset, STOP Mode Recovery and Low Voltage

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Reset, STOP Mode Recovery and Low

Voltage Detection

Overview

The Reset Controller within the PartName controls Reset and STOP Mode Recovery oper-
ation and provides indication of low supply voltage conditions. In typical operation, the
following events cause a Reset:

Power-On Reset (POR)

Voltage Brown-Out (VBO)

Watch-Dog Timer time-out (when configured by the WDT_RES Flash Option Bit to
initiate a reset)

External RESET pin assertion (when the alternate RESET function is enabled by the
GPIO register)

On-Chip Debugger initiated Reset (OCDCTL[0] set to 1)

When the device is in STOP mode, a STOP Mode Recovery is initiated by either of the
following:

Watch-Dog Timer time-out

GPIO Port input pin transition on an enabled STOP Mode Recovery source

Reset Types

The PartName provides two types of Reset operation (Systems Reset, and STOP Mode
Recovery). The reset type is a function of both the current operating mode of the Part-
Name device and the source of the reset. Table 9 lists the types of Reset and their operat-
ing characteristics.

Table 9. Reset and STOP Mode Recovery Characteristics and Latency

Reset Type

Reset Characteristics and Latency

Control Registers

eZ8

CPU Reset Latency (Delay)

System Reset

Reset (as applicable)

Reset 66 Internal Precision Oscillator Cycles

STOP Mode Recovery

Unaffected, except
WDT_CTL and
OSC_CTL registers

Reset 66 Internal Precision Oscillator Cycles

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During a System Reset or STOP Mode Recovery, the PartName device is held in Reset for
66 cycles of the Internal Precision Oscillator. When a reset occurs because of a low volt-
age condition or power on reset, this delay is measured from the time that the supply volt-
age first exceeds the POR level (discussed later in this chapter). If the external pin reset
remains asserted at the end of the reset period, the device remains in reset until the pin is
deasserted.

At the beginning of Reset, all GPIO pins are configured as inputs with pull-up resistor dis-
abled. During Reset, the eZ8 CPU and on-chip peripherals are idle; however, Watch-Dog
Timer oscillator remains running.

Upon Reset, control registers within the Register File that have a defined Reset value are
loaded with their reset values. Other control registers (including the Stack Pointer, Regis-
ter Pointer, and Flags) and general-purpose RAM are undefined following Reset. The eZ8
CPU fetches the Reset vector at Program Memory addresses

0002H

and

0003H

and loads

that value into the Program Counter. Program execution begins at the Reset vector
address.

Because the control registers are re-initialized by a system reset, the system clock after
reset is always the IPO. User software must reconfigure the oscillator control block, such
that the correct system clock source is enabled and selected.

Reset Sources

Table 10 lists the possible sources of a system reset.

Table 10. Reset Sources and Resulting Reset Type

Operating Mode

Reset Source

Special Conditions

NORMAL or HALT
modes

Power-On Reset / Voltage Brown-
Out

Reset delay begins after supply voltage
exceeds POR level

Watch-Dog Timer time-out
when configured for Reset

None

RESET pin assertion

All reset pulses less than three system clocks
in width are ignored.

On-Chip Debugger initiated Reset
(OCDCTL[0] set to 1)

System Reset, except the On-Chip Debugger
is unaffected by the reset

STOP mode

Power-On Reset / Voltage Brown-
Out

Reset delay begins after supply voltage
exceeds POR level

RESET pin assertion

All reset pulses less than the specified analog
delay are ignored. See "Electrical
Characteristics" on page 167.

DBG pin driven Low

None

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Power-On Reset

Each device in the 4K Series contains an internal Power-On Reset (POR) circuit. The POR
circuit monitors the supply voltage and holds the device in the Reset state until the supply
voltage reaches a safe operating level. After the supply voltage exceeds the POR voltage
threshold (V

POR

), the device is held in the Reset state until the POR Counter has timed

out.

After the 4K Series device exits the Power-On Reset state, the eZ8 CPU fetches the Reset
vector. Following Power-On Reset, the POR status bit in the Watch-Dog Timer Control
(WDTCTL) register is set to 1.

Figure 5 illustrates Power-On Reset operation. Refer to the "Electrical Characteristics" on
page 167 for the POR threshold voltage (V

POR

Figure 5.Power-On Reset Operation

Voltage Brown-Out Reset

The devices in the 4K Series provide low Voltage Brown-Out (VBO) protection. The VBO
circuit senses when the supply voltage drops to an unsafe level (below the VBO threshold
voltage) and forces the device into the Reset state. While the supply voltage remains
below the Power-On Reset voltage threshold (V

POR

), the VBO block holds the device in

the Reset.

After the supply voltage again exceeds the Power-On Reset voltage threshold, the device
progresses through a full System Reset sequence, as described in the Power-On Reset sec-

VCC = 0.0V

VCC = 3.3V

POR

VBO

Internal Precision

Internal RESET

signal

Program

Execution

POR

Counter Delay

Oscillator

Note: Not to Scale

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tion. Following Power-On Reset, the POR status bit in the Reset Status (RSTSTAT) regis-
ter is set to 1. Figure 6 illustrates Voltage Brown-Out operation. Refer to the chapter
"Electrical Characteristics" on page 167 for the VBO and POR threshold voltages (V

VBO

and V

POR

The Voltage Brown-Out circuit can be either enabled or disabled during STOP mode.
Operation during STOP mode is set by the VBO_AO Flash Option Bit. Refer to the Flash
Option Bits chapter for information about configuring VBO_AO.

Figure 6.Voltage Brown-Out Reset Operation

The POR level is greater than the VBO level by the specified hysteresis value. This
ensures that the device undergoes a power on reset after recovering from a VBO condition.

Watch-Dog Timer Reset

If the device is in NORMAL or STOP mode, the Watch-Dog Timer can initiate a System
Reset at time-out if the WDT_RES Flash Option Bit is programmed to 1. This is the
unprogrammed state of the WDT_RES Flash Option Bit. If the bit is programmed to 0, it
configures the Watch-Dog Timer to cause an interrupt, not a System Reset, at time-out.

VCC = 3.3V

POR

VBO

Internal RESET

signal

Program

Execution

Program

Execution

Voltage

Brownout

VCC = 3.3V

System Clock

WDT Clock

POR

counter delay

Note: Not to Scale

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The WDT status bit in the WDT Control register is set to signify that the reset was initi-
ated by the Watch-Dog Timer.

External Reset Input

The RESET pin has a Schmitt-triggered input and an internal pull-up resistor. Once the
RESET pin is asserted for a minimum of 4 system clock cycles, the device progresses
through the System Reset sequence. Because of the possible asynchronicity of the system
clock and reset signals, the required reset duration may be as short as three clock periods
and as long as four. A reset pulse three clock cycles in duration might trigger a reset; a
pulse four cycles in duration always triggers a reset.

While the RESET input pin is asserted Low, the 4K Series devices remain in the Reset
state. If the RESET pin is held Low beyond the System Reset time-out, the device exits the
Reset state on the system clock rising edge following RESET pin deassertion. Following a
System Reset initiated by the external RESET pin, the EXT status bit in the Watch-Dog
Timer Control (WDTCTL) register is set to 1.

External Reset Indicator

During System Reset the RESET pin functions as an open-drain (active low) reset mode
indicator. This reset output feature allows an 4K Series device to reset other components
to which it is connected, even if that reset is caused by internal sources such as POR, VBO
or WDT events.

After an internal reset event occurs, the internal circuitry begins driving the RESET pin
Low. The RESET pin is held Low by the internal circuitry until the appropriate delay
listed in Table 9 has elapsed.

STOP Mode Recovery

STOP mode is entered by execution of a STOP instruction by the eZ8 CPU. Refer to the
chapter

"Low-Power Modes" on page 28

for detailed STOP mode information. During

STOP Mode Recovery, the CPU is held in reset for 66 IPO cycles.

STOP Mode Recovery does not affect onchip registers other than the Watch-Dog Timer
Control register (WDTCTL) and the Oscillator Control register (OSCCTL). After any
STOP Mode Recovery, the IPO is enabled and selected as the system clock. If another sys-
tem clock source is required or IPO disabling is required, the STOP Mode Recovery code
must reconfigure the oscillator control block such that the correct system clock source is
enabled and selected.

The eZ8 CPU fetches the Reset vector at Program Memory addresses

0002H

and

0003H

and loads that value into the Program Counter. Program execution begins at the Reset vec-

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tor address. Following STOP Mode Recovery, the STOP bit in the Watch-Dog Timer Con-
trol Register is set to 1. Table 11 lists the STOP Mode Recovery sources and resulting
actions. The text following provides more detailed information about each of the STOP
Mode Recovery sources.

STOP Mode Recovery Using Watch-Dog Timer Time-Out

If the Watch-Dog Timer times out during STOP mode, the device undergoes a STOP
Mode Recovery sequence. In the Watch-Dog Timer Control register, the WDT and STOP
bits are set to 1. If the Watch-Dog Timer is configured to generate an interrupt upon time-
out and the 4K Series device is configured to respond to interrupts, the eZ8 CPU services
the Watch-Dog Timer interrupt request following the normal STOP Mode Recovery
sequence.

STOP Mode Recovery Using a GPIO Port Pin Transition

Each of the GPIO Port pins may be configured as a STOP Mode Recovery input source.
On any GPIO pin enabled as a STOP Mode Recovery source, a change in the input pin
value (from High to Low or from Low to High) initiates STOP Mode Recovery. In the
Watch-Dog Timer Control register, the STOP bit is set to 1.

In STOP mode, the GPIO Port Input Data registers (PxIN) are disabled. The Port Input
Data registers record the Port transition only if the signal stays on the Port pin through
the end of the STOP Mode Recovery delay. As a result, short pulses on the Port pin can
initiate STOP Mode Recovery without being written to the Port Input Data register or
without initiating an interrupt (if enabled for that pin).

Table 11. STOP Mode Recovery Sources and Resulting Action

Operating Mode

STOP Mode Recovery Source

Action

STOP mode

Watch-Dog Timer time-out
when configured for Reset

STOP Mode Recovery

Watch-Dog Timer time-out
when configured for interrupt

STOP Mode Recovery followed by
interrupt (if
interrupts are enabled)

Data transition on any GPIO Port pin
enabled as a STOP Mode Recovery
source

STOP Mode Recovery

Assertion of external

RESET

System Reset

Debug Pin driven Low

System Reset

Caution:

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STOP Mode Recovery Using the External RESET Pin

When the 4K Series device is in STOP Mode and the external RESET pin is driven Low, a
system reset occurs. Because of a glitch filter operating on the RESET pin, the Low pulse
must be greater than the minimum width specified, or it is ignored. See

"Electrical Charac-

teristics" on page 167

for details.

Reset Register Definitions

Reset Status Register

The Reset Status (RSTSTAT) register is a read-only register that indicates the source of
the most recent Reset event, indicates a STOP Mode Recovery event, and indicates a
Watch-Dog Timer time-out. Reading this register resets the upper four bits to 0.

This register shares its address with the Watch-Dog Timer control register, which is write-
only (Table 12).

POR--Power-On Reset Indicator
If this bit is set to 1, a Power-On Reset event occurred. This bit is reset to 0 if a WDT time-
out or STOP Mode Recovery occurs. This bit is also reset to 0 when the register is read.

STOP--STOP Mode Recovery Indicator
If this bit is set to 1, a STOP Mode Recovery occurred. If the STOP and WDT bits are both

Table 12. Reset Status Register (RSTSTAT)

BITS

FIELD

POR

STOP

WDT

EXT

Reserved

RESET

See descriptions below

R/W

ADDR

FF0H

Reset or STOP Mode Recovery Event

POR

STOP

WDT

EXT

Power-On Reset

Reset using RESET pin assertion

Reset using Watch-Dog Timer time-out

Reset using the On-Chip Debugger (OCTCTL[1] set to 1)

Reset from STOP Mode using DBG Pin driven Low

STOP Mode Recovery using GPIO pin transition

STOP Mode Recovery using Watch-Dog Timer time-out

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set to 1, the STOP Mode Recovery occurred because of a WDT time-out. If the STOP bit
is 1 and the WDT bit is 0, the STOP Mode Recovery was not caused by a WDT time-out.
This bit is reset by a Power-On Reset or a WDT time-out that occurred while not in STOP
mode. Reading this register also resets this bit.

WDT--Watch-Dog Timer Time-Out Indicator
If this bit is set to 1, a WDT time-out occurred. A Power-On Reset resets this pin. A STOP
Mode Recovery from a change in an input pin also resets this bit. Reading this register
resets this bit. This read must occur before clearing the WDT interrupt.

EXT--External Reset Indicator
If this bit is set to 1, a Reset initiated by the external RESET pin occurred. A Power-On
Reset or a STOP Mode Recovery from a change in an input pin resets this bit. Reading this
register resets this bit.

Reserved--Must be 0.

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Low-Power Modes

Overview

The 4K Series products contain power-saving features. The highest level of power reduc-
tion is provided by the STOP mode. The next lower level of power reduction is provided
by the HALT mode.

Further power savings can be implemented by disabling individual peripheral blocks
while in Normal mode.

STOP Mode

Executing the eZ8 CPU's STOP instruction places the device into STOP mode. In STOP
mode, the operating characteristics are:

Internal Precision Oscillator is stopped

System clock is stopped

eZ8 CPU is stopped

Program counter (PC) stops incrementing

Watch-Dog Timer's internal RC oscillator continues to operate if enabled by the Oscillator
Control Register

If enabled, the Watch-Dog Timer logic continues to operate

If enabled for operation in STOP mode by the associated Flash Option Bit, the Voltage-
brown out protection circuit continues to operate

Transimpedance amplifier in the ADC block continues to operate if enabled by the Power
Control Register to do so; all other portions of the ADC are disabled

All other on-chip peripherals are idle

To minimize current in STOP mode, all GPIO pins that are configured as digital inputs
must be driven to one of the supply rails (V

or GND). The device can be brought out of

STOP mode using STOP Mode Recovery. For more information about STOP Mode
Recovery refer to

"Reset, STOP Mode Recovery and Low Voltage Detection" on

page 20

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HALT Mode

Executing the eZ8 CPU's HALT instruction places the device into HALT mode. In HALT
mode, the operating characteristics are:

Primary oscillator is enabled and continues to operate

System clock is enabled and continues to operate

eZ8 CPU is stopped

Program counter (PC) stops incrementing

Watch-Dog Timer's internal RC oscillator continues to operate

If enabled, the Watch-Dog Timer continues to operate

All other on-chip peripherals continue to operate

The eZ8 CPU can be brought out of HALT mode by any of the following operations:

Interrupt

Watch-Dog Timer time-out (interrupt or reset)

Power-on reset

Voltage-brown out reset

External RESET pin assertion

To minimize current in HALT mode, all GPIO pins that are configured as inputs must be
driven to one of the supply rails (V

or GND).

Peripheral-Level Power Control

In addition to the STOP and Halt modes, it is possible to disable each peripheral on each
of the 4K Series devices. Disabling a given peripheral minimizes its power consumption.

Power Control Register Definitions

Power Control Register 0

Each bit of the following registers disables a peripheral block, either by gating its system
clock input or by removing power from the block.

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General-Purpose I/O

Overview

The 4K Series products support a maximum of 25 port pins (Ports AC) for general-pur-
pose input/output (GPIO) operations. Each port contains control and data registers. The
GPIO control registers determine data direction, open-drain, output drive current, pro-
grammable pull-ups, STOP Mode Recovery functionality, and alternate pin functions.
Each port pin is individually programmable.

GPIO Port Availability By Device

Table 14 lists the port pins available with each device and package type.

Table 14. Port Availability by Device and Package Type

Devices

Package 10-Bit ADC Port A

Port B

Port C Total I/O

Z8F0423SB, Z8F0423PB
Z8F0223SB, Z8F0223PB
Z8F0123SB, Z8F0123PB

8-pin

Yes

[5:0]

Z8F0413SB, Z8F0413PB
Z8F0213SB, Z8F0213PB
Z8F0113SB, Z8F011vPB

8-pin

[5:0]

Z8F0423PH, Z8F0423HH
Z8F0223PH, Z8F0223HH
Z8F0123PH, Z8F0123HH

20-pin

Yes

[7:0]

[3:0]

Z8F0413PH, Z8F0413HH
Z8F0213PH, Z8F0213HH
Z8F0113PH, Z8F0113HH

20-pin

[7:0]

[3:0]

Z8F0423PJ, Z8F0423SJ
Z8F0223PJ, Z8F0223SJ
Z8F0123PJ, Z8F0123SJ

28-pin

Yes

[7:0]

[5:0]

[7:0]

Z8F0413PJ, Z8F0413SJ
Z8F0213PJ, Z8F0213SJ
Z8F0113PJ, Z8F0113SJ

28-pin

[7:0]

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Architecture

Figure 7 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a GPIO port pin. In this figure, the abil-
ity to accommodate alternate functions and variable port current drive strength is not illus-
trated.

Figure 7.GPIO Port Pin Block Diagram

GPIO Alternate Functions

Many of the GPIO port pins can be used for general-purpose I/O and access to on-chip
peripheral functions such as the timers and serial communication devices. The Port AC
Alternate Function sub-registers configure these pins for either General-Purpose I/O or
alternate function operation. When a pin is configured for alternate function, control of the
port pin direction (input/output) is passed from the Port AC Data Direction registers to
the alternate function assigned to this pin. Table 15 on page 34 lists the alternate functions
possible with each port pin. The alternate function associated at a pin is defined through
Alternate Function Sets sub-registers AFS1 and AFS2.

PA0 and PA6 contain two different timer functions, a timer input and a complementary
timer output. Both of these functions require the same GPIO configuration, the selection
between the two is based on the timer mode. See

"Timers" on page 58

for more details.

GND

VDD

Port Output Control

Port Data Direction

Port Output

Data Register

Port Input

Data Register

Port

DATA

Bus

System

Clock

System

Clock

Schmitt Trigger

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Shared Debug Pin

On the 8-pin version of this device only, the Debug pin shares function with the PortA0
GPIO pin. This pin performs as a general purpose input pin on power-up, but the debug
logic monitors this pin during the reset sequence to determine if the unlock sequence
occurs. If the unlock sequence is present, the debug function is unlocked and the pin no
longer functions as a GPIO pin. If it is not present, the debug feature is disabled until/
unless another reset event occurs. For more details, see

"On-Chip Debugger" on page 131

5V Tolerance

All six I/O pins on the 8-pin devices are 5V-tolerant, unless the programmable pull-ups are
enabled. If the pull-ups are enabled and inputs higher than V

are applied to these parts,

excessive current flows through those pull-up devices and can damage the chip.

In the 20- and 28-pin versions of this device, any pin which shares functionality with an
ADC is not 5V-tolerant, including PB[5:0] and PC[2:0]. All other signal pins are 5V-toler-
ant, and can safely handle inputs higher than V

even with the pull-ups enabled.

External Clock Setup

For systems using an external TTL drive, PB3 is the clock source for 20- and 28-pin
devices. In this case, configure PB3 for alternate function CLKIN. Write the Oscillator
Control Register (page 144) such that the external oscillator is selected as the system clock
For 8-pi devices use PA1 instead of PB3.

Note:

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Table 15. Port Alternate Function Mapping (Non 8-Pin Parts)

Port

Pin

Mnemonic

Alternate Function Description

Alternate
Function Set
Register AFS1

Port A

PA0

T0IN/T0OUT

Timer 0 Input/Timer 0 Output Complement N/A

Reserved

PA1

T0OUT

Timer 0 Output

Reserved

PA2

DE0

UART 0 Driver Enable

Reserved

PA3

CTS0

UART 0 Clear to Send

Reserved

PA4

RXD0/IRRX0

UART 0 / IrDA 0 Receive Data

Reserved

PA5

TXD0/IRTX0

UART 0 / IrDA 0 Transmit Data

Reserved

PA6

T1IN/T1OUT

Timer 1 Input/Timer 1 Output Complement

Reserved

PA7

T1OUT

Timer 1 Output

Reserved

Note: Because there is only a single alternate function for each Port A pin, the Alternate Function
Set registers are not implemented for Port A. Enabling alternate function selections as described in
"Port AC Alternate Function Sub-Registers" on page 40 automatically enables the associated
alternate function.

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Port B

PB0

Reserved

AFS1[0]: 0

ANA0/AMPOUT

ADC Analog Input/Transamp Output

AFS1[0]: 1

PB1

Reserved

AFS1[1]: 0

ANA1/AMPINN

ADC Analog Input/Transamp Input (N)

AFS1[1]: 1

PB2

Reserved

AFS1[2]: 0

ANA2/AMPINP

ADC Analog Input/Transamp Input (P)

AFS1[2]: 1

PB3

CLKIN

External Clock Input

AFS1[3]: 0

ANA3

ADC Analog Input

AFS1[3]: 1

PB4

Reserved

AFS1[4]: 0

ANA7

ADC Analog Input

AFS1[4]: 1

PB5

Reserved

AFS1[5]: 0

VREF

ADC Voltage Reference

AFS1[5]: 1

PB6

Reserved

AFS1[6]: 0

Reserved

AFS1[6]: 1

PB7

Reserved

AFS1[7]: 0

Reserved

AFS1[7]: 1

Note: Because there are at most two choices of alternate function for any pin of Port B, the Alternate
Function Set register AFS2 is implemented but not used to select the function. Also, alternate
function selection as described in "Port AC Alternate Function Sub-Registers" on page 40 must
also be enabled.

Table 15. Port Alternate Function Mapping (Continued)(Non 8-Pin Parts)

Port

Pin

Mnemonic

Alternate Function Description

Alternate
Function Set
Register AFS1

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Port C

PC0

Reserved

AFS1[0]: 0

ANA4

ADC

AFS1[0]: 1

PC1

Reserved

AFS1[1]: 0

ANA5

ADC AFS1[1]:

PC2

Reserved

AFS1[2]: 0

ANA6

ADC Analog Input

AFS1[2]: 1

PC3

Reserved

AFS1[3]: 0

Reserved

AFS1[3]: 1

PC4

Reserved

AFS1[4]: 0

Reserved

AFS1[4]: 1

PC5

Reserved

AFS1[5]: 0

Reserved

AFS1[5]: 1

PC6

Reserved

AFS1[6]: 0

Reserved

AFS1[6]: 1

PC7

Reserved

AFS1[7]: 0

Reserved

AFS1[7]: 1

Note: Because there are at most two choices of alternate function for any pin of Port C, the Alternate
Function Set register AFS2 is implemented but not used to select the function.

Table 15. Port Alternate Function Mapping (Continued)(Non 8-Pin Parts)

Port

Pin

Mnemonic

Alternate Function Description

Alternate
Function Set
Register AFS1

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Table 16. Port Alternate Function Mapping (8-Pin Parts)

Port

Pin

Mnemonic

Alternate Function
Description

Alternate
Function Select
Register AFS2

Alternate
Function
Select
Register
AFS1

Port A

PA0

T0IN

Timer 0 Input

AFS2[0]: 0

AFS1[0]: 0

Reserved

AFS2[0]: 0

AFS1[0]: 1

DBG

OCD Control and Data I/O

AFS2[0]: 1

AFS1[0]: 0

T0OUT

Timer 0 Output Complement

AFS2[0]: 1

AFS1[0]: 1

PA1

T0OUT

Timer 0 Output

AFS2[1]: 0

AFS1[1]: 0

Reserved

AFS2[1]: 0

AFS1[1]: 1

CLKIN

External Clock Input

AFS2[1]: 1

AFS1[1]: 0

ANA3

ADC Analog Input/VREF

AFS2[1]: 1

AFS1[1]: 1

PA2

DE0

UART 0 Driver Enable

AFS2[2]: 0

AFS1[2]: 0

RESET

External Reset

AFS2[2]: 0

AFS1[2]: 1

T1OUT

Timer 1 Output

AFS2[2]: 1

AFS1[2]: 0

Reserved

AFS2[2]: 1

AFS1[2]: 1

PA3

CTS0

UART 0 Clear to Send

AFS2[3]: 0

AFS1[3]: 0

COUT

Comparator Output

AFS2[3]: 0

AFS1[3]: 1

T1IN

Timer 1 Input

AFS2[3]: 1

AFS1[3]: 0

ANA2

ADC Analog Input

AFS2[3]: 1

AFS1[3]: 1

PA4

RXD0

UART 0 Receive Data

AFS2[4]: 0

AFS1[4]: 0

Reserved

AFS2[4]: 0

AFS1[4]: 1

Reserved

AFS2[4]: 1

AFS1[4]: 0

ANA1

ADC Analog Input

AFS2[4]: 1

AFS1[4]: 1

PA5

TXD0

UART 0 Transmit Data

AFS2[5]: 0

AFS1[5]: 0

T1OUT

Timer 1 Output Complement

AFS2[5]: 0

AFS1[5]: 1

Reserved

AFS2[5]: 1

AFS1[5]: 0

ANA0

ADC Analog Input

AFS2[5]: 1

AFS1[5]: 1

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GPIO Interrupts

Many of the GPIO port pins can be used as interrupt sources. Some port pins can be con-
figured to generate an interrupt request on either the rising edge or falling edge of the pin
input signal. Other port pin interrupt sources generate an interrupt when any edge occurs
(both rising and falling). Refer to the chapter

"Interrupt Controller" on page 46

for more

information about interrupts using the GPIO pins.

GPIO Control Register Definitions

Four registers for each Port provide access to GPIO control, input data, and output data.
Table 17 lists these Port registers. Use the Port AC Address and Control registers
together to provide access to sub-registers for Port configuration and control.

Table 17. GPIO Port Registers and Sub-Registers

Port Register Mnemonic

Port Register Name

PxADDR

Port AC Address Register
(Selects sub-registers)

PxCTL

Port AC Control Register
(Provides access to sub-registers)

PxIN

Port AC Input Data Register

PxOUT

Port AC Output Data Register

Port Sub-Register Mnemonic Port Register Name

PxDD

Data Direction

PxAF

Alternate Function

PxOC

Output Control (Open-Drain)

PxHDE

High Drive Enable

PxSMRE

STOP Mode Recovery Source Enable

PxPUE

Pull-up Enable

PxAFS1

Alternate Function Set 1

PxAFS2

Alternate Function Set 2

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Port AC Address Registers

The Port AC Address registers select the GPIO Port functionality accessible through the
Port AC Control registers. The Port AC Address and Control registers combine to pro-
vide access to all GPIO Port controls (Table 18).

PADDR[7:0]--Port Address
The Port Address selects one of the sub-registers accessible through the Port Control reg-
ister.

Port AC Control Registers

The Port AC Control registers set the GPIO port operation. The value in the correspond-
ing Port AC Address register determines which sub-register is read from or written to by
a Port AC Control register transaction (Table 19).

Table 18. Port AC GPIO Address Registers (PxADDR)

BITS

FIELD

PADDR[7:0]

RESET

00H

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FD0H, FD4H, FD8H

PADDR[7:0] Port Control sub-register accessible using the Port AC Control Registers

00H

No function. Provides some protection against accidental Port reconfiguration.

01H

Data Direction

02H

Alternate Function

03H

Output Control (Open-Drain)

04H

High Drive Enable

05H

STOP Mode Recovery Source Enable.

06H

Pull-up Enable

07H

Alternate Function Set 1

08H

Alternate Function Set 2

09HFFH

No function

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PCTL[7:0]--Port Control
The Port Control register provides access to all sub-registers that configure the GPIO Port
operation.

Port AC Data Direction Sub-Registers

The Port AC Data Direction sub-register is accessed through the Port AC Control regis-
ter by writing 01H to the Port AC Address register (Table 20).

DD[7:0]--Data Direction
These bits control the direction of the associated port pin. Port Alternate Function opera-
tion overrides the Data Direction register setting.
0 = Output. Data in the Port AC Output Data register is driven onto the port pin.
1 = Input. The port pin is sampled and the value written into the Port AC Input Data Reg-
ister. The output driver is tristated.

Port AC Alternate Function Sub-Registers

The Port AC Alternate Function sub-register (Table 21) is accessed through the Port AC
Control register by writing

02H

to the Port AC Address register. The Port AC Alternate

Function sub-registers enable the alternate function selection on pins. If disabled, pins
functions as GPIO. If enabled, select one of four alternate functions using alternate func-
tion set subregisters 1 and 2 as described in the

"Port AC Alternate Function Set 1 Sub-

Registers" on page 43

and

"Port AC Alternate Function Set 2 Sub-Registers" on page 44.

Refer

to the

"GPIO Alternate Functions" on page 32

to determine the alternate function

associated with each port pin.

Table 19. Port AC Control Registers (PxCTL)

BITS

FIELD

PCTL

RESET

00H

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FD1H, FD5H, FD9H

Table 20. Port AC Data Direction Sub-Registers (PxDD)

BITS

FIELD

DD7

DD6

DD5

DD4

DD3

DD2

DD1

DD0

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

If 01H in Port AC Address Register, accessible through the Port AC Control Register

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Do not enable alternate functions for GPIO port pins for which there is no
associated alternate function. Failure to follow this guideline can result in
unpredictable operation.

AF[7:0]--Port Alternate Function enabled
0 = The port pin is in normal mode and the DDx bit in the Port AC Data Direction sub-
register determines the direction of the pin.
1 = The alternate function selected through Alternate Function Set sub-registers is
enabled. Port pin operation is controlled by the alternate function.

Port AC Output Control Sub-Registers

The Port AC Output Control sub-register (Table 22) is accessed through the Port AC
Control register by writing

03H

to the Port AC Address register. Setting the bits in the

Port AC Output Control sub-registers to 1 configures the specified port pins for open-
drain operation. These sub-registers affect the pins directly and, as a result, alternate func-
tions are also affected.

POC[7:0]--Port Output Control
These bits function independently of the alternate function bit and always disable the
drains if set to 1.
0 = The drains are enabled for any output mode (unless overridden by the alternate func-
tion).
1 = The drain of the associated pin is disabled (open-drain mode).

Table 21. Port AC Alternate Function Sub-Registers (PxAF)

BITS

FIELD

AF7

AF6

AF5

AF4

AF3

AF2

AF1

AF0

RESET

00H (Ports AC)

R/W

R/W

ADDR

If 02H in Port AC Address Register, accessible through the Port AC Control Register

Table 22. Port AC Output Control Sub-Registers (PxOC)

BITS

FIELD

POC7

POC6

POC5

POC4

POC3

POC2

POC1

POC0

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

If 03H in Port AC Address Register, accessible through the Port AC Control Register

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Port AC High Drive Enable Sub-Registers

The Port AC High Drive Enable sub-register (Table 23) is accessed through the Port
AC Control register by writing

04H

to the Port AC Address register. Setting the bits in

the Port AC High Drive Enable sub-registers to 1 configures the specified port pins for
high current output drive operation. The Port AC High Drive Enable sub-register affects
the pins directly and, as a result, alternate functions are also affected.

PHDE[7:0]--Port High Drive Enabled
0 = The Port pin is configured for standard output current drive.
1 = The Port pin is configured for high output current drive.

Port AC STOP Mode Recovery Source Enable Sub-Registers

The Port AC STOP Mode Recovery Source Enable sub-register (Table 24) is accessed
through the Port AC Control register by writing

05H

to the Port AC Address register.

Setting the bits in the Port AC STOP Mode Recovery Source Enable sub-registers to 1
configures the specified Port pins as a STOP Mode Recovery source. During STOP Mode,
any logic transition on a Port pin enabled as a STOP Mode Recovery source initiates
STOP Mode Recovery.

PSMRE[7:0]--Port STOP Mode Recovery Source Enabled
0 = The Port pin is not configured as a STOP Mode Recovery source. Transitions on this
pin during STOP mode do not initiate STOP Mode Recovery.
1 = The Port pin is configured as a STOP Mode Recovery source. Any logic transition on
this pin during STOP mode initiates STOP Mode Recovery.

Table 23. Port AC High Drive Enable Sub-Registers (PxHDE)

BITS

FIELD

PHDE7

PHDE6

PHDE5

PHDE4

PHDE3

PHDE2

PHDE1

PHDE0

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

If 04H in Port AC Address Register, accessible through the Port AC Control Register

Table 24. Port AC STOP Mode Recovery Source Enable Sub-Registers (PxSMRE)

BITS

FIELD

PSMRE7

PSMRE6

PSMRE5

PSMRE4

PSMRE3

PSMRE2

PSMRE1

PSMRE0

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

If 05H in Port AC Address Register, accessible through the Port AC Control Register

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Port AC Pull-up Enable Sub-Registers

The Port AC Pull-up Enable sub-register (Table 25) is accessed through the Port AC
Control register by writing

06H

to the Port AC Address register. Setting the bits in the

Port AC Pull-up Enable sub-registers enables a weak internal resistive pull-up on the
specified Port pins.

PPUE[7:0]--Port Pull-up Enabled
0 = The weak pull-up on the Port pin is disabled.
1 = The weak pull-up on the Port pin is enabled.

Port AC Alternate Function Set 1 Sub-Registers

The Port AC Alternate Function Set1 sub-register (Table 26) is accessed through the Port
AC Control register by writing

07H

to the Port AC Address register. The Alternate

Function Set 1 sub-registers selects the alternate function available at a port pin. Alternate
Functions selected by setting or clearing bits of this register are defined in

"GPIO Alternate

Functions" on page 32

Alternate function selection on port pins must also be enabled as described in

"Port AC

Alternate Function Sub-Registers" on page 40.

PAFS1[7:0]--Port Alternate Function Set 1
0 = Port Alternate Function selected as defined in Table 14 in the

GPIO Alternate Functions

section.
1 = Port Alternate Function selected as defined in Table 14 in the

GPIO Alternate Functions

section.

Table 25. Port AC Pull-Up Enable Sub-Registers (PxPUE)

BITS

FIELD

PPUE7

PPUE6

PPUE5

PPUE4

PPUE3

PPUE2

PPUE1

PPUE0

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

If 06H in Port A

C Address Register, accessible through the Port A

C Control Register

Table 26. Port AC Alternate Function Set 1 Sub-Registers (PxAFS1)

BITS

FIELD

PAFS17

PAFS16

PAFS15

PAFS14

PAFS13

PAFS12

PAFS11

PAFS10

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

If 07H in Port AC Address Register, accessible through the Port AC Control Register

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Port AC Alternate Function Set 2 Sub-Registers

The Port AC Alternate Function Set 2 sub-register (Table 27) is accessed through the
Port AC Control register by writing

08H

to the Port AC Address register. The Alternate

Function Set 2 sub-registers selects the alternate function available at a port pin. Alternate
Functions selected by setting or clearing bits of this register is defined in Table 14 in the
section

"GPIO Alternate Functions" on page 32

Alternate function selection on port pins must also be enabled as described in

"Port AC

Alternate Function Sub-Registers" on page 40.

PAFS2[7:0]--Port Alternate Function Set 2
0 = Port Alternate Function selected as defined in Table 14

GPIO Alternate Functions

sec-

tion.
1 = Port Alternate Function selected as defined in Table 14

GPIO Alternate Functions

sec-

tion.

Port AC Input Data Registers

Reading from the Port AC Input Data registers (Table 28) returns the sampled values
from the corresponding port pins. The Port AC Input Data registers are read-only. The
value returned for any unused ports is 0. Unused ports include those missing on the 8- and
28-pin packages, as well as those missing on the ADC-enabled 28-pin packages.

PIN[7:0]--Port Input Data
Sampled data from the corresponding port pin input.
0 = Input data is logical 0 (Low).
1 = Input data is logical 1 (High).

Table 27. Port AC Alternate Function Set 2 Sub-Registers (PxAFS2)

BITS

FIELD

PAFS27

PAFS26

PAFS25

PAFS24

PAFS23

PAFS22

PAFS21

PAFS20

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

If 08H in Port AC Address Register, accessible through the Port AC Control Register

Table 28. Port AC Input Data Registers (PxIN)

BITS

FIELD

PIN7

PIN6

PIN5

PIN4

PIN3

PIN2

PIN1

PIN0

RESET

R/W

ADDR

FD2H, FD6H, FDAH

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Port AC Output Data Register

The Port AC Output Data register (Table 29) controls the output data to the pins.

POUT[7:0]--Port Output Data
These bits contain the data to be driven to the port pins. The values are only driven if the
corresponding pin is configured as an output and the pin is not configured for alternate
function operation.
0 = Drive a logical 0 (Low).
1= Drive a logical 1 (High). High value is not driven if the drain has been disabled by set-
ting the corresponding Port Output Control register bit to 1.

Table 29. Port AC Output Data Register (PxOUT)

BITS

FIELD

POUT7

POUT6

POUT5

POUT4

POUT3

POUT2

POUT1

POUT0

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FD3H, FD7H, FDBH

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Interrupt Controller

Overview

The interrupt controller on the 4K Series products prioritizes the interrupt requests from
the on-chip peripherals and the GPIO port pins. The features of the interrupt controller
include the following:

20 unique interrupt vectors:

14 GPIO port pin interrupt sources (two are shared)

10 on-chip peripheral interrupt sources (two are shared)

Flexible GPIO interrupts

8 selectable rising and falling edge GPIO interrupts

4 dual-edge interrupts

3 levels of individually programmable interrupt priority

Watch-Dog Timer can be configured to generate an interrupt

Interrupt requests (IRQs) allow peripheral devices to suspend CPU operation in an orderly
manner and force the CPU to start an interrupt service routine (ISR). Usually this interrupt
service routine is involved with the exchange of data, status information, or control infor-
mation between the CPU and the interrupting peripheral. When the service routine is com-
pleted, the CPU returns to the operation from which it was interrupted.

The eZ8 CPU supports both vectored and polled interrupt handling. For polled interrupts,
the interrupt controller has no effect on operation. Refer to the eZ8 CPU User Manual for
more information regarding interrupt servicing by the eZ8 CPU. The eZ8 CPU User Man-
ual is available for download at

www.zilog.com

Interrupt Vector Listing

Table 30 lists all of the interrupts available in order of priority. The interrupt vector is
stored with the most significant byte (MSB) at the even Program Memory address and the
least significant byte (LSB) at the following odd Program Memory address.

Some port interrupts are not available on the 8- and 20-pin packages. The ADC interrupt is
unavailable on devices not containing an ADC.

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Table 30. Trap and Interrupt Vectors in Order of Priority

Priority

Program
Memory
Vector Address Interrupt or Trap Source

Highest 0002H

Reset (not an interrupt)

0004H

Watch-Dog Timer (see Watch-Dog Timer chapter)

0006H

Illegal Instruction Trap (not an interrupt)

0008H

Reserved

000AH

Timer 1

000CH

Timer 0

000EH

UART 0 receiver

0010H

UART 0 transmitter

0012H

Reserved

0014H

Reserved

0016H

ADC

0018H

Port A7, selectable rising or falling input edge

001AH

Port A6, selectable rising or falling input edge

001CH

Port A5, selectable rising or falling input edge

001EH

Port A4, selectable rising or falling input edge

0020H

Port A3 or Port D3, selectable rising or falling input edge

0022H

Port A2 or Port D2, selectable rising or falling input edge

0024H

Port A1, selectable rising or falling input edge

0026H

Port A0, selectable rising or falling input edge

0028H

Reserved

002AH

Reserved

002CH

Reserved

002EH

Reserved

0030H

Port C3, both input edges

0032H

Port C2, both input edges

0034H

Port C1, both input edges

Lowest

0036H

Port C0, both input edges

0038H

Reserved

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Architecture

Figure 8 illustrates the interrupt controller block diagram.

Figure 8.Interrupt Controller Block Diagram

Operation

Master Interrupt Enable

The master interrupt enable bit (IRQE) in the Interrupt Control register globally enables
and disables interrupts.

Interrupts are globally enabled by any of the following actions:

Execution of an EI (Enable Interrupt) instruction

003AH

Reserved

003CH

Reserved

Table 30. Trap and Interrupt Vectors in Order of Priority (Continued)

Priority

Program
Memory
Vector Address Interrupt or Trap Source

Vector

IRQ Request

High

Priority

Medium

Priority

Low

Priority

Mux

Interrupt

Requ

est La

tch

e
s a

Con

t
rol

Port Interrupts

Internal Interrupts

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Execution of an IRET (Return from Interrupt) instruction

Writing a 1 to the IRQE bit in the Interrupt Control register

Interrupts are globally disabled by any of the following actions:

Execution of a DI (Disable Interrupt) instruction

eZ8 CPU acknowledgement of an interrupt service request from the interrupt controller

Writing a 0 to the IRQE bit in the Interrupt Control register

Reset

Execution of a Trap instruction

Illegal Instruction Trap

Interrupt Vectors and Priority

The interrupt controller supports three levels of interrupt priority. Level 3 is the highest
priority, Level 2 is the second highest priority, and Level 1 is the lowest priority. If all of
the interrupts are enabled with identical interrupt priority (all as Level 2 interrupts, for
example), the interrupt priority is assigned from highest to lowest as specified in Table 30
on page 47. Level 3 interrupts are always assigned higher priority than Level 2 interrupts
which, in turn, always are assigned higher priority than Level 1 interrupts. Within each
interrupt priority level (Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3), priority is assigned as specified in
Table 30, above. Reset, Watch-Dog Timer interrupt (if enabled) and Illegal Instruction
Traps always command (level 3) priority.

Interrupt Assertion

Interrupt sources assert their interrupt requests for only a single system clock period (sin-
gle pulse). When the interrupt request is acknowledged by the eZ8 CPU, the correspond-
ing bit in the Interrupt Request register is cleared until the next interrupt occurs. Writing a
0 to the corresponding bit in the Interrupt Request register likewise clears the interrupt
request.

The following coding style that clears bits in the Interrupt Request registers is NOT rec-
ommended. All incoming interrupts received between execution of the first LDX com-
mand and the final LDX command are lost.

Poor coding style that can result in lost interrupt requests:

LDX r0, IRQ0
AND r0, MASK
LDX IRQ0, r0

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To avoid missing interrupts, use the following coding style to clear bits in
the Interrupt Request 0 register:

Good coding style that avoids lost interrupt requests:

ANDX IRQ0, MASK

Software Interrupt Assertion

Program code can generate interrupts directly. Writing a 1 to the correct bit in the Interrupt
Request register triggers an interrupt (assuming that interrupt is enabled). When the inter-
rupt request is acknowledged by the eZ8 CPU, the bit in the Interrupt Request register is
automatically cleared to 0.

The following coding style used to generate software interrupts by setting bits in the In-
terrupt Request registers is NOT recommended. All incoming interrupts received be-
tween execution of the first LDX command and the final LDX command are lost.

Poor coding style that can result in lost interrupt requests:

LDX r0, IRQ0
OR r0, MASK
LDX IRQ0, r0

To avoid missing interrupts, use the following coding style to set bits in the Interrupt Re-
quest registers:

Good coding style that avoids lost interrupt requests:

ORX IRQ0, MASK

Interrupt Control Register Definitions

For all interrupts other than the Watch-Dog Timer interrupt, the Primary Oscillator Fail
Trap, and the Watchdog Oscillator Fail Trap, the interrupt control registers enable individ-
ual interrupts, set interrupt priorities, and indicate interrupt requests.

Interrupt Request 0 Register

The Interrupt Request 0 (IRQ0) register (Table 31) stores the interrupt requests for both
vectored and polled interrupts. When a request is presented to the interrupt controller, the
corresponding bit in the IRQ0 register becomes 1. If interrupts are globally enabled (vec-
tored interrupts), the interrupt controller passes an interrupt request to the eZ8 CPU. If
interrupts are globally disabled (polled interrupts), the eZ8 CPU can read the Interrupt
Request 0 register to determine if any interrupt requests are pending.

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Reserved--Must be 0.

T1I--Timer 1 Interrupt Request
0 = No interrupt request is pending for Timer 1.
1 = An interrupt request from Timer 1 is awaiting service.

T0I--Timer 0 Interrupt Request
0 = No interrupt request is pending for Timer 0.
1 = An interrupt request from Timer 0 is awaiting service.

U0RXI--UART 0 Receiver Interrupt Request
0 = No interrupt request is pending for the UART 0 receiver.
1 = An interrupt request from the UART 0 receiver is awaiting service.

U0TXI--UART 0 Transmitter Interrupt Request
0 = No interrupt request is pending for the UART 0 transmitter.
1 = An interrupt request from the UART 0 transmitter is awaiting service.

ADCI--ADC Interrupt Request
0 = No interrupt request is pending for the Analog-to-Digital Converter.
1 = An interrupt request from the Analog-to-Digital Converter is awaiting service.

Interrupt Request 1 Register

The Interrupt Request 1 (IRQ1) register (Table 32) stores interrupt requests for both vec-
tored and polled interrupts. When a request is presented to the interrupt controller, the cor-
responding bit in the IRQ1 register becomes 1. If interrupts are globally enabled (vectored
interrupts), the interrupt controller passes an interrupt request to the eZ8 CPU. If interrupts
are globally disabled (polled interrupts), the eZ8 CPU can read the Interrupt Request 1
register to determine if any interrupt requests are pending.

Table 31. Interrupt Request 0 Register (IRQ0)

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

T1I

T0I

U0RXI

U0TXI

Reserved Reserved

ADCI

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FC0H

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PAxI--Port A Pin x Interrupt Request
0 = No interrupt request is pending for GPIO Port A pin x.
1 = An interrupt request from GPIO Port A pin x is awaiting service.

where x indicates the specific GPIO Port pin number (07).

Interrupt Request 2 Register

The Interrupt Request 2 (IRQ2) register (Table 33) stores interrupt requests for both vec-
tored and polled interrupts. When a request is presented to the interrupt controller, the cor-
responding bit in the IRQ2 register becomes 1. If interrupts are globally enabled (vectored
interrupts), the interrupt controller passes an interrupt request to the eZ8 CPU. If interrupts
are globally disabled (polled interrupts), the eZ8 CPU can read the Interrupt Request 2
register to determine if any interrupt requests are pending.

Reserved--Must be 0.

PCxI--Port C Pin x Interrupt Request
0 = No interrupt request is pending for GPIO Port C pin x.
1 = An interrupt request from GPIO Port C pin x is awaiting service.

where x indicates the specific GPIO Port C pin number (03).

IRQ0 Enable High and Low Bit Registers

Table 34 describes the priority control for IRQ0. The IRQ0 Enable High and Low Bit reg-
isters (Tables 35 and 36) form a priority encoded enabling for interrupts in the Interrupt
Request 0 register. Priority is generated by setting bits in each register.

Table 32. Interrupt Request 1 Register (IRQ1)

BITS

FIELD

PA7I

PA6I

PA5I

PA4I

PA3I

PA2I

PA1I

PA0I

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FC3H

Table 33. Interrupt Request 2 Register (IRQ2)

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

PC3I

PC2I

PC1I

PC0I

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FC6H

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Reserved--Must be 0.

T1ENH--Timer 1 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit
T0ENH--Timer 0 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit
U0RENH--UART 0 Receive Interrupt Request Enable High Bit
U0TENH--UART 0 Transmit Interrupt Request Enable High Bit
ADCENH--ADC Interrupt Request Enable High Bit

Reserved--Must be 0.

T1ENL--Timer 1 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit
T0ENL--Timer 0 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit
U0RENL--UART 0 Receive Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit
U0TENL--UART 0 Transmit Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit
ADCENL--ADC Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit

Table 34. IRQ0 Enable and Priority Encoding

IRQ0ENH[x] IRQ0ENL[x] Priority

Description

Disabled

Level 1

Low

Level 2

Nominal

Level 3

High

where x indicates the register bits from 07.

Table 35. IRQ0 Enable High Bit Register (IRQ0ENH)

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

T1ENH

T0ENH

U0RENH

U0TENH

Reserved Reserved ADCENH

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FC1H

Table 36. IRQ0 Enable Low Bit Register (IRQ0ENL)

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

T1ENL

T0ENL

U0RENL

U0TENL

Reserved Reserved

ADCENL

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FC2H

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IRQ1 Enable High and Low Bit Registers

Table 37 describes the priority control for IRQ1. The IRQ1 Enable High and Low Bit reg-
isters (Tables 38 and 39) form a priority encoded enabling for interrupts in the Interrupt
Request 1 register. Priority is generated by setting bits in each register.

PAxENH--Port A Bit[x] Interrupt Request Enable High Bit
Refer to the Interrupt Port Select register for selection of either Port A or Port D as the
interrupt source.

PAxENL--Port A Bit[x] Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit

Table 37. IRQ1 Enable and Priority Encoding

IRQ1ENH[x] IRQ1ENL[x] Priority

Description

Disabled

Level 1

Low

Level 2

Nominal

Level 3

High

where x indicates the register bits from 07.

Table 38. IRQ1 Enable High Bit Register (IRQ1ENH)

BITS

FIELD

PA7ENH

PA6ENH

PA5ENH

PA4ENH PAD3ENH PAD2ENH PA1ENH

PA0ENH

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FC4H

Table 39. IRQ1 Enable Low Bit Register (IRQ1ENL)

BITS

FIELD

PA7ENL

PA6ENL

PA5ENL

PA4ENL

PA3ENL

PA2ENL

PA1ENL

PA0ENL

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FC5H

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IRQ2 Enable High and Low Bit Registers

Table 40 describes the priority control for IRQ2. The IRQ2 Enable High and Low Bit reg-
isters (Tables 41 and 42) form a priority encoded enabling for interrupts in the Interrupt
Request 2 register. Priority is generated by setting bits in each register.

Reserved--Must be 0.

C3ENH--Port C3 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit
C2ENH--Port C2 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit
C1ENH--Port C1 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit
C0ENH--Port C0 Interrupt Request Enable High Bit

Reserved--Must be 0.

C3ENL--Port C3 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit
C2ENL--Port C2 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit

Table 40. IRQ2 Enable and Priority Encoding

IRQ2ENH[x] IRQ2ENL[x] Priority

Description

Disabled

Level 1

Low

Level 2

Nominal

Level 3

High

where x indicates the register bits from 07.

Table 41. IRQ2 Enable High Bit Register (IRQ2ENH)

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

C3ENH

C2ENH

C1ENH

C0ENH

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FC7H

Table 42. IRQ2 Enable Low Bit Register (IRQ2ENL)

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

C3ENL

C2ENL

C1ENL

C0ENL

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FC8H

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C1ENL--Port C1 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit
C0ENL--Port C0 Interrupt Request Enable Low Bit

Interrupt Edge Select Register

The Interrupt Edge Select (IRQES) register (Table 43) determines whether an interrupt is
generated for the rising edge or falling edge on the selected GPIO Port A or Port D input
pin.

IESx--Interrupt Edge Select x
0 = An interrupt request is generated on the falling edge of the PAx input or PDx.
1 = An interrupt request is generated on the rising edge of the PAx input PDx.
where x indicates the specific GPIO Port pin number (0 through 7).

PA6CS--PA6/Comparator Selection
0 = PA6 is used for the interrupt for PA6CS interrupt request.
1 = The Comparator is used for the interrupt for PA6CS interrupt request.

Reserved--Must be 0.

Interrupt Control Register

The Interrupt Control (IRQCTL) register (Table 44) contains the master enable bit for all
interrupts.

IRQE--Interrupt Request Enable
This bit is set to 1 by executing an EI (Enable Interrupts) or IRET (Interrupt Return)

Table 43. Interrupt Edge Select Register (IRQES)

BITS

FIELD

IES7

IES6

IES5

IES4

IES3

IES2

IES1

IES0

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FCDH

Table 44. Interrupt Control Register (IRQCTL)

BITS

FIELD

IRQE

Reserved

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FCFH

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Timers

Overview

These Z8 Encore!

4K Series products contain up to two 16-bit reloadable timers that can

be used for timing, event counting, or generation of pulse-width modulated (PWM) sig-
nals. The timers' features include:

16-bit reload counter

Programmable prescaler with prescale values from 1 to 128

PWM output generation

Capture and compare capability

External input pin for timer input, clock gating, or capture signal. External input pin signal
frequency is limited to a maximum of one-fourth the system clock frequency.

Timer output pin

Timer interrupt

In addition to the timers described in this chapter, the Baud Rate Generator of the UART
(if unused) may also provide basic timing functionality. Refer to chapter

"UART" on

page 84

for information about using the Baud Rate Generator as an additional timer.

Architecture

Figure 9 illustrates the architecture of the timers.

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Figure 9.Timer Block Diagram

Operation

The timers are 16-bit up-counters. Minimum time-out delay is set by loading the value

0001H

into the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers and setting the prescale value

to 1. Maximum time-out delay is set by loading the value

0000H

into the Timer Reload

High and Low Byte registers and setting the prescale value to 128. If the Timer reaches

FFFF

, the timer rolls over to

0000

and continues counting.

Timer Operating Modes

The timers can be configured to operate in the following modes:

ONE-SHOT Mode

In ONE-SHOT mode, the timer counts up to the 16-bit Reload value stored in the Timer
Reload High and Low Byte registers. The timer input is the system clock. Upon reaching
the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt and the count value in the Timer High
and Low Byte registers is reset to

0001

. The timer is automatically disabled and stops

counting.

Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state
for one system clock cycle (from Low to High or from High to Low) upon timer Reload. If

16-Bit

PWM/Compare

16-Bit Counter

with Prescaler

16-Bit

Reload Register

Timer

Control

are

Interrupt,

PWM,

and

Timer Output

Control

Timer

Timer Block

System

Timer

Data

Block

Output

Control

Bus

Clock

Input

Gate
Input

Capture

Input

Timer

Interrupt

Timer

Output

Complement

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it is appropriate to have the Timer Output make a state change at a One-Shot time-out
(rather than a single cycle pulse), first set the TPOL bit in the Timer Control Register to
the start value before enabling ONE-SHOT mode. After starting the timer, set TPOL to the
opposite bit value.

The steps for configuring a timer for ONE-SHOT mode and initiating the count are as fol-
lows:

1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for ONE-SHOT mode.

Set the prescale value.

Set the initial output level (High or Low) if using the Timer Output alternate
function.

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value.

3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value.

4. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

to the relevant interrupt registers.

5. If using the Timer Output function, configure the associated GPIO port pin for the

Timer Output alternate function.

6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting.

In ONE-SHOT mode, the system clock always provides the timer input. The timer period
is given by the following equation:

CONTINUOUS Mode

In CONTINUOUS mode, the timer counts up to the 16-bit Reload value stored in the
Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. The timer input is the system clock. Upon
reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer
High and Low Byte registers is reset to

0001H

and counting resumes. Also, if the Timer

Output alternate function is enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state (from Low to
High or from High to Low) at timer Reload.

The steps for configuring a timer for CONTINUOUS mode and initiating the count are as
follows:

1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for CONTINUOUS mode.

Set the prescale value.

One-Shot Mode Time-Out Period (s)

Reload Value Start Value

(

)

Prescale

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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If using the Timer Output alternate function, set the initial output level (High or
Low).

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value (usually

0001H

). This action only affects the first pass in CONTINUOUS mode. After the first

timer Reload in CONTINUOUS mode, counting always begins at the reset value of

0001H

3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value.

4. Enable the timer interrupt (if appropriate) and set the timer interrupt priority by

writing to the relevant interrupt registers.

5. Configure the associated GPIO port pin (if using the Timer Output function) for the

Timer Output alternate function.

6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting.

In CONTINUOUS mode, the system clock always provides the timer input. The timer
period is given by the following equation:

If an initial starting value other than

0001H

is loaded into the Timer High and Low Byte

registers, use the ONE-SHOT mode equation to determine the first time-out period.

COUNTER Mode

In COUNTER mode, the timer counts input transitions from a GPIO port pin. The timer
input is taken from the GPIO Port pin Timer Input alternate function. The TPOL bit in the
Timer Control Register selects whether the count occurs on the rising edge or the falling
edge of the Timer Input signal. In COUNTER mode, the prescaler is disabled.

The input frequency of the Timer Input signal must not exceed one-fourth the system
clock frequency.

Upon reaching the Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers,
the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers
is reset to

0001H

and counting resumes. Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is

enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state (from Low to High or from High to Low) at
timer Reload.

The steps for configuring a timer for COUNTER mode and initiating the count are as fol-
lows:

1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for COUNTER mode

Continuous Mode Time-Out Period (s)

Reload Value Prescale

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Caution:

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Select either the rising edge or falling edge of the Timer Input signal for the count.
This selection also sets the initial logic level (High or Low) for the Timer Output
alternate function. However, the Timer Output function is not required to be
enabled.

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value. This

only affects the first pass in COUNTER mode. After the first timer Reload in
COUNTER mode, counting always begins at the reset value of

0001H

. In COUNTER

mode the Timer High and Low Byte registers must be written with the value

0001H

3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value.

4. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

to the relevant interrupt registers.

5. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function.

6. If using the Timer Output function, configure the associated GPIO port pin for the

Timer Output alternate function.

7. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer.

In COUNTER mode, the number of Timer Input transitions since the timer start is given
by the following equation:

COMPARATOR COUNTER Mode

In COMPARATOR COUNTER mode, the timer counts input transitions from the analog
comparator output. The TPOL bit in the Timer Control Register selects whether the count
occurs on the rising edge or the falling edge of the comparator output signal. In COMPAR-
ATOR COUNTER mode, the prescaler is disabled.

The frequency of the comparator output signal must not exceed one-fourth the system
clock frequency.

After reaching the Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers,
the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers
is reset to

0001H

and counting resumes. Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is

enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state (from Low to High or from High to Low) at
timer Reload.

The steps for configuring a timer for COMPARATOR COUNTER mode and initiating the
count are as follows:

1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for COMPARATOR COUNTER mode

Counter Mode Timer Input Transitions

Current Count Value Start Value

Caution:

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Select either the rising edge or falling edge of the comparator output signal for the
count. This also sets the initial logic level (High or Low) for the Timer Output
alternate function. However, the Timer Output function is not required to be
enabled.

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value. This

action only affects the first pass in COMPARATOR COUNTER mode. After the first
timer Reload in COMPARATOR COUNTER mode, counting always begins at the
reset value of

0001H

. Generally, in COMPARATOR COUNTER mode the Timer

High and Low Byte registers must be written with the value

0001H

3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value.

4. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

to the relevant interrupt registers.

5. If using the Timer Output function, configure the associated GPIO port pin for the

Timer Output alternate function.

6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer.

In COMPARATOR COUNTER mode, the number of comparator output transitions since
the timer start is given by the following equation:

PWM SINGLE OUTPUT Mode

In PWM SINGLE OUTPUT mode, the timer outputs a Pulse-Width Modulator (PWM)
output signal through a GPIO Port pin. The timer input is the system clock. The timer first
counts up to the 16-bit PWM match value stored in the Timer PWM High and Low Byte
registers. When the timer count value matches the PWM value, the Timer Output toggles.
The timer continues counting until it reaches the Reload value stored in the Timer Reload
High and Low Byte registers. Upon reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an
interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to

0001H

and

counting resumes.

If the TPOL bit in the Timer Control register is set to 1, the Timer Output signal begins as
a High (1) and transitions to a Low (0) when the timer value matches the PWM value. The
Timer Output signal returns to a High (1) after the timer reaches the Reload value and is
reset to

0001H

If the TPOL bit in the Timer Control register is set to 0, the Timer Output signal begins as
a Low (0) and transitions to a High (1) when the timer value matches the PWM value. The
Timer Output signal returns to a Low (0) after the timer reaches the Reload value and is
reset to

0001H

The steps for configuring a timer for PWM Single Output mode and initiating the PWM
operation are as follows:

Comparator Output Transitions

Current Count Value Start Value

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1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for PWM mode.

Set the prescale value.

Set the initial logic level (High or Low) and PWM High/Low transition for the
Timer Output alternate function.

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value

(typically

0001H

). This only affects the first pass in PWM mode. After the first timer

reset in PWM mode, counting always begins at the reset value of

0001H

3. Write to the PWM High and Low Byte registers to set the PWM value.

4. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value (PWM

period). The Reload value must be greater than the PWM value.

5. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

to the relevant interrupt registers.

6. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Output alternate function.

7. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting.

The PWM period is represented by the following equation:

If an initial starting value other than

0001H

is loaded into the Timer High and Low Byte

registers, use the ONE-SHOT mode equation to determine the first PWM time-out period.

If TPOL is set to 0, the ratio of the PWM output High time to the total period is repre-
sented by:

If TPOL is set to 1, the ratio of the PWM output High time to the total period is repre-
sented by:

PWM Dual Output Mode

In PWM DUAL OUTPUT mode, the timer outputs a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) out-
put signal pair (basic PWM signal and its complement) through two GPIO Port pins. The
timer input is the system clock. The timer first counts up to the 16-bit PWM match value

PWM Period (s)

Reload Value

Prescale

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

PWM Output High Time Ratio (%)

Reload Value PWM Value

Reload Value

------------------------------------------------------------------------

100

PWM Output High Time Ratio (%)

PWM Value

Reload Value

----------------------------------

100

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stored in the Timer PWM High and Low Byte registers. When the timer count value
matches the PWM value, the Timer Output toggles. The timer continues counting until it
reaches the Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. Upon
reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer
High and Low Byte registers is reset to

0001H

and counting resumes.

0001H

The timer also generates a second PWM output signal Timer Output Complement. The
Timer Output Complement is the complement of the Timer Output PWM signal. A pro-
grammable deadband delay can be configured to time delay (0 to 128 system clock cycles)
PWM output transitions on these two pins from a low to a high (inactive to active). This
ensures a time gap between the deassertion of one PWM output to the assertion of its com-
plement.

The steps for configuring a timer for PWM Dual Output mode and initiating the PWM
operation are as follows:

1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for PWM Dual Output mode. Setting the mode also involves
writing to TMODEHI bit in TxCTL1 register.

Set the prescale value.

Set the initial logic level (High or Low) and PWM High/Low transition for the
Timer Output alternate function.

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value

(typically

0001H

). This only affects the first pass in PWM mode. After the first timer

reset in PWM mode, counting always begins at the reset value of

0001H

3. Write to the PWM High and Low Byte registers to set the PWM value.

4. Write to the PWM Control register to set the PWM dead band delay value. The

deadband delay must be less than the duration of the positive phase of the PWM signal
(as defined by the PWM high and low byte registers). It must also be less than the
duration of the negative phase of the PWM signal (as defined by the difference
between the PWM registers and the Timer Reload registers).

5. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value (PWM

period). The Reload value must be greater than the PWM value.

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6. If appropriate, enable the timer interrupt and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

to the relevant interrupt registers.

7. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Output and Timer Output

Complement alternate functions. The Timer Output Complement function is shared
with the Timer Input function for both timers. Setting the timer mode to Dual PWM
automatically switches the function from Timer In to Timer Out Complement.

8. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting.

The PWM period is represented by the following equation:

If an initial starting value other than

0001H

is loaded into the Timer High and Low Byte

registers, the ONE-SHOT mode equation determines the first PWM time-out period.

If TPOL is set to 0, the ratio of the PWM output High time to the total period is repre-
sented by:

If TPOL is set to 1, the ratio of the PWM output High time to the total period is repre-
sented by:

CAPTURE Mode

In CAPTURE mode, the current timer count value is recorded when the appropriate exter-
nal Timer Input transition occurs. The Capture count value is written to the Timer PWM
High and Low Byte Registers. The timer input is the system clock. The TPOL bit in the
Timer Control register determines if the Capture occurs on a rising edge or a falling edge
of the Timer Input signal. When the Capture event occurs, an interrupt is generated and the
timer continues counting. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL1 register is set to indicate the timer
interrupt is because of an input capture event.

The timer continues counting up to the 16-bit Reload value stored in the Timer Reload
High and Low Byte registers. Upon reaching the Reload value, the timer generates an
interrupt and continues counting. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL1 register clears indicating
the timer interrupt is not because of an input capture event.

The steps for configuring a timer for CAPTURE mode and initiating the count are as fol-
lows:

PWM Period (s)

Reload Value

Prescale

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

PWM Output High Time Ratio (%)

Reload Value PWM Value

Reload Value

------------------------------------------------------------------------

100

PWM Output High Time Ratio (%)

PWM Value

Reload Value

----------------------------------

100

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1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for CAPTURE mode.

Set the prescale value.

Set the Capture edge (rising or falling) for the Timer Input.

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value

(typically

0001H

3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value.

4. Clear the Timer PWM High and Low Byte registers to 0000H. Clearing these

registers allows user software to determine if interrupts were generated by either a
capture event or a reload. If the PWM High and Low Byte registers still contain
0000H

after the interrupt, the interrupt was generated by a Reload.

5. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

to the relevant interrupt registers. By default, the timer interrupt is generated for both
input capture and reload events. If appropriate, configure the timer interrupt to be
generated only at the input capture event or the reload event by setting TICONFIG
field of the TxCTL1 register.

6. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function.

7. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting.

In CAPTURE mode, the elapsed time from timer start to Capture event can be calculated
using the following equation:

CAPTURE RESTART Mode

In CAPTURE RESTART mode, the current timer count value is recorded when the accept-
able external Timer Input transition occurs. The Capture count value is written to the
Timer PWM High and Low Byte Registers. The timer input is the system clock. The
TPOL

bit in the Timer Control register determines if the Capture occurs on a rising edge or

a falling edge of the Timer Input signal. When the Capture event occurs, an interrupt is
generated and the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to

0001H

and counting resumes. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL1 register is set to indicate the timer
interrupt is because of an input capture event.

If no Capture event occurs, the timer counts up to the 16-bit Compare value stored in the
Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. Upon reaching the Reload value, the timer
generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to

0001H

and counting resumes. The INPCAP bit in TxCTL1 register is cleared to indicate

the timer interrupt is not caused by an input capture event.

Capture Elapsed Time (s)

Capture Value Start Value

(

)

Prescale

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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The steps for configuring a timer for CAPTURE RESTART mode and initiating the count
are as follows:

1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for CAPTURE RESTART mode. Setting the mode also
involves writing to

TMODEHI

bit in TxCTL1 register.

Set the prescale value.

Set the Capture edge (rising or falling) for the Timer Input.

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value

(typically

0001H

3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value.

4. Clear the Timer PWM High and Low Byte registers to 0000H. This allows user

software to determine if interrupts were generated by either a capture event or a
reload. If the PWM High and Low Byte registers still contain 0000H after the
interrupt, the interrupt was generated by a Reload.

5. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

6. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function.

7. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting.

In CAPTURE mode, the elapsed time from timer start to Capture event can be calculated
using the following equation:

COMPARE Mode

In COMPARE mode, the timer counts up to the 16-bit maximum Compare value stored in
the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. The timer input is the system clock. Upon
reaching the Compare value, the timer generates an interrupt and counting continues (the
timer value is not reset to

0001H

). Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is enabled,

the Timer Output pin changes state (from Low to High or from High to Low) upon Com-
pare.

If the Timer reaches

FFFF

, the timer rolls over to

0000

and continue counting.

The steps for configuring a timer for COMPARE mode and initiating the count are as fol-
lows:

Capture Elapsed Time (s)

Capture Value Start Value

(

)

Prescale

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for Compare mode.

Set the prescale value.

Set the initial logic level (High or Low) for the Timer Output alternate function, if
appropriate.

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value.

3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Compare value.

4. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

to the relevant interrupt registers.

5. If using the Timer Output function, configure the associated GPIO port pin for the

Timer Output alternate function.

6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer and initiate counting.

In Compare mode, the system clock always provides the timer input. The Compare time
can be calculated by the following equation:

GATED Mode

In GATED mode, the timer counts only when the Timer Input signal is in its active state
(asserted), as determined by the TPOL bit in the Timer Control register. When the Timer
Input signal is asserted, counting begins. A timer interrupt is generated when the Timer
Input signal is deasserted or a timer reload occurs. To determine if a Timer Input signal
deassertion generated the interrupt, read the associated GPIO input value and compare to
the value stored in the TPOL bit.

The timer counts up to the 16-bit Reload value stored in the Timer Reload High and Low
Byte registers. The timer input is the system clock. When reaching the Reload value, the
timer generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is
reset to

0001H

and counting resumes (assuming the Timer Input signal remains asserted).

Also, if the Timer Output alternate function is enabled, the Timer Output pin changes state
(from Low to High or from High to Low) at timer reset.

The steps for configuring a timer for GATED mode and initiating the count are as follows:

1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for Gated mode.

Set the prescale value.

Compare Mode Time (s)

Compare Value Start Value

(

)

Prescale

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value. Writing

these registers only affects the first pass in GATED mode. After the first timer reset in
GATED mode, counting always begins at the reset value of

0001H

3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Reload value.

4. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

to the relevant interrupt registers. By default, the timer interrupt is generated for both
input deassertion and reload events. If appropriate, configure the timer interrupt to be
generated only at the input deassertion event or the reload event by setting TICONFIG
field of the TxCTL1 register.

5. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function.

6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer.

7. Assert the Timer Input signal to initiate the counting.

CAPTURE/COMPARE Mode

In CAPTURE/COMPARE mode, the timer begins counting on the first external Timer
Input transition. The acceptable transition (rising edge or falling edge) is set by the TPOL
bit in the Timer Control Register. The timer input is the system clock.

Every subsequent acceptable transition (after the first) of the Timer Input signal captures
the current count value. The Capture value is written to the Timer PWM High and Low
Byte Registers. When the Capture event occurs, an interrupt is generated, the count value
in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to

0001H

, and counting resumes. The

INPCAP

bit in TxCTL1 register is set to indicate the timer interrupt is caused by an input

capture event.

If no Capture event occurs, the timer counts up to the 16-bit Compare value stored in the
Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers. Upon reaching the Compare value, the timer
generates an interrupt, the count value in the Timer High and Low Byte registers is reset to

0001H

and counting resumes. The

INPCAP

bit in TxCTL1 register is cleared to indicate

the timer interrupt is not because of an input capture event.

The steps for configuring a timer for CAPTURE/COMPARE mode and initiating the
count are as follows:

1. Write to the Timer Control register to:

Disable the timer

Configure the timer for CAPTURE/COMPARE mode.

Set the prescale value.

Set the Capture edge (rising or falling) for the Timer Input.

2. Write to the Timer High and Low Byte registers to set the starting count value

(typically

0001H

3. Write to the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers to set the Compare value.

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4. Enable the timer interrupt, if appropriate, and set the timer interrupt priority by writing

to the relevant interrupt registers.By default, the timer interrupt are generated for both
input capture and reload events. If appropriate, configure the timer interrupt to be
generated only at the input capture event or the reload event by setting TICONFIG
field of the TxCTL1 register.

5. Configure the associated GPIO port pin for the Timer Input alternate function.

6. Write to the Timer Control register to enable the timer.

7. Counting begins on the first appropriate transition of the Timer Input signal. No

interrupt is generated by this first edge.

In CAPTURE/COMPARE mode, the elapsed time from timer start to Capture event can be
calculated using the following equation:

Reading the Timer Count Values

The current count value in the timers can be read while counting (enabled). This capability
has no effect on timer operation. When the timer is enabled and the Timer High Byte reg-
ister is read, the contents of the Timer Low Byte register are placed in a holding register. A
subsequent read from the Timer Low Byte register returns the value in the holding register.
This operation allows accurate reads of the full 16-bit timer count value while enabled.
When the timers are not enabled, a read from the Timer Low Byte register returns the
actual value in the counter.

Timer Pin Signal Operation

Timer Output is a GPIO Port pin alternate function. The Timer Output is toggled every
time the counter is reloaded.

The timer input can be used as a selectable counting source. It shares the same pin as the
complementary timer output. When selected by the GPIO Alternate Function Registers,
this pin functions as a timer input in all modes except for the DUAL PWM OUTPUT
mode. For this mode, there is no timer input available.

Capture Elapsed Time (s)

Capture Value Start Value

(

) Prescale

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Timer Control Register Definitions

Timer 01 High and Low Byte Registers

The Timer 01 High and Low Byte (TxH and TxL) registers (Tables 45 and 39) contain
the current 16-bit timer count value. When the timer is enabled, a read from TxH causes
the value in TxL to be stored in a temporary holding register. A read from TxL always
returns this temporary register when the timers are enabled. When the timer is disabled,
reads from the TxL reads the register directly.

Writing to the Timer High and Low Byte registers while the timer is enabled is not recom-
mended. There are no temporary holding registers available for write operations, so simul-
taneous 16-bit writes are not possible. If either the Timer High or Low Byte registers are
written during counting, the 8-bit written value is placed in the counter (High or Low
Byte) at the next clock edge. The counter continues counting from the new value.

TH and TL--Timer High and Low Bytes
These 2 bytes, {TH[7:0], TL[7:0]}, contain the current 16-bit timer count value.

Timer Reload High and Low Byte Registers

The Timer 01 Reload High and Low Byte (TxRH and TxRL) registers (Tables 47 and 41)
store a 16-bit reload value, {TRH[7:0], TRL[7:0]}. Values written to the Timer Reload
High Byte register are stored in a temporary holding register. When a write to the Timer
Reload Low Byte register occurs, the temporary holding register value is written to the
Timer High Byte register. This operation allows simultaneous updates of the 16-bit Timer

Table 45. Timer 01 High Byte Register (TxH)

BITS

FIELD

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F00H, F08H

Table 46. Timer 01 Low Byte Register (TxL)

BITS

FIELD

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F01H, F09H

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Reload value.
In COMPARE mode, the Timer Reload High and Low Byte registers store the 16-bit
Compare value.

TRH and TRL--Timer Reload Register High and Low
These two bytes form the 16-bit Reload value, {TRH[7:0], TRL[7:0]}. This value sets the
maximum count value which initiates a timer reload to

0001H

. In Compare mode, these

two bytes form the 16-bit Compare value.

Timer 0-1 PWM High and Low Byte Registers

The Timer 0-1 PWM High and Low Byte (TxPWMH and TxPWML) registers (Tables 49
and 43) control Pulse-Width Modulator (PWM) operations. These registers also store the
Capture values for the CAPTURE and CAPTURE/COMPARE modes.

Table 47. Timer 01 Reload High Byte Register (TxRH)

BITS

FIELD

TRH

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F02H, F0AH

Table 48. Timer 01 Reload Low Byte Register (TxRL)

BITS

FIELD

TRL

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F03H, F0BH

Table 49. Timer 01 PWM High Byte Register (TxPWMH)

BITS

FIELD

PWMH

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F04H, F0CH

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PWMH and PWML--Pulse-Width Modulator High and Low Bytes
These two bytes, {PWMH[7:0], PWML[7:0]}, form a 16-bit value that is compared to the
current 16-bit timer count. When a match occurs, the PWM output changes state. The
PWM output value is set by the TPOL bit in the Timer Control Register (TxCTL1) regis-
ter.

The TxPWMH and TxPWML registers also store the 16-bit captured timer value when
operating in Capture or Capture/Compare modes.

Timer 01 Control Registers

Time 01 Control Register 0

The Timer Control Register 0 (TxCTL0) and Timer Control Register 1 (TxCTL1) deter-
mine the timer operating mode. It also includes a programmable PWM deadband delay,
two bits to configure timer interrupt definition, and a status bit to identify if the most
recent timer interrupt is caused by an input capture event.

TMODEHI--Timer Mode High Bit
This bit along with the TMODE field in TxCTL1 register determines the operating mode
of the timer. This is the most significant bit of the Timer mode selection value. See the
TxCTL1 register description on the next page for additional details.

TICONFIG--Timer Interrupt Configuration
This field configures timer interrupt definition.

Table 50. Timer 01 PWM Low Byte Register (TxPWML)

BITS

FIELD

PWML

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F05H, F0DH

Table 51. Timer 01 Control Register 0 (TxCTL0)

BITS

FIELD

TMODEHI

TICONFIG Reserved

PWMD

INPCAP

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F06H, F0EH

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0x = Timer Interrupt occurs on all defined Reload, Compare and Input Events
10 = Timer Interrupt only on defined Input Capture/Deassertion Events
11 = Timer Interrupt only on defined Reload/Compare Events

Reserved--Must be 0.

PWMD--PWM Delay value
This field is a programmable delay to control the number of system clock cycles delay
before the Timer Output and the Timer Output Complement are forced to their active state.

000 = No delay
001 = 2 cycles delay
010 = 4 cycles delay
011 = 8 cycles delay
100 = 16 cycles delay
101 = 32 cycles delay
110 = 64 cycles delay
111 = 128 cycles delay

INPCAP--Input Capture Event
This bit indicates if the most recent timer interrupt is caused by a Timer Input Capture
Event.

0 = Previous timer interrupt is not a result of Timer Input Capture Event
1 = Previous timer interrupt is a result of Timer Input Capture Event

Timer 01 Control Register 1

The Timer 01 Control (TxCTL1) registers enable/disable the timers, set the prescaler
value, and determine the timer operating mode.

TEN--Timer Enable
0 = Timer is disabled.
1 = Timer enabled to count.

TPOL--Timer Input/Output Polarity
Operation of this bit is a function of the current operating mode of the timer.

ONE-SHOT mode
When the timer is disabled, the Timer Output signal is set to the value of this bit.

Table 52. Timer 01 Control Register 1 (TxCTL1)

BITS

FIELD

TEN

TPOL

PRES

TMODE

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F07H, F0FH

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When the timer is enabled, the Timer Output signal is complemented upon timer
Reload.

CONTINUOUS mode
When the timer is disabled, the Timer Output signal is set to the value of this bit.
When the timer is enabled, the Timer Output signal is complemented upon timer
Reload.

COUNTER mode
When the timer is disabled, the Timer Output signal is set to the value of this bit.
When the timer is enabled, the Timer Output signal is complemented upon timer
Reload.

PWM SINGLE OUTPUT mode
0 = Timer Output is forced Low (0) when the timer is disabled. When enabled, the
Timer Output is forced High (1) upon PWM count match and forced Low (0) upon
Reload.
1 = Timer Output is forced High (1) when the timer is disabled. When enabled, the
Timer Output is forced Low (0) upon PWM count match and forced High (1) upon
Reload.

CAPTURE mode
0 = Count is captured on the rising edge of the Timer Input signal.
1 = Count is captured on the falling edge of the Timer Input signal.

COMPARE mode
When the timer is disabled, the Timer Output signal is set to the value of this bit.
When the timer is enabled, the Timer Output signal is complemented upon timer
Reload.

GATED mode
0 = Timer counts when the Timer Input signal is High (1) and interrupts are generated
on the falling edge of the Timer Input.
1 = Timer counts when the Timer Input signal is Low (0) and interrupts are generated
on the rising edge of the Timer Input.

CAPTURE/COMPARE mode
0 = Counting is started on the first rising edge of the Timer Input signal. The current
count is captured on subsequent rising edges of the Timer Input signal.
1 = Counting is started on the first falling edge of the Timer Input signal. The current
count is captured on subsequent falling edges of the Timer Input signal.

PWM DUAL OUTPUT mode
0 = Timer Output is forced Low (0) and Timer Output Complement is forced High (1)
when the timer is disabled. When enabled, the Timer Output is forced High (1) upon
PWM count match and forced Low (0) upon Reload. When enabled, the Timer Output
Complement is forced Low (0) upon PWM count match and forced High (1) upon
Reload. The PWMD field in TxCTL0 register is a programmable delay to control the

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number of cycles time delay before the Timer Output and the Timer Output
Complement is forced to High (1).
1 = Timer Output is forced High (1) and Timer Output Complement is forced Low (0)
when the timer is disabled. When enabled, the Timer Output is forced Low (0) upon
PWM count match and forced High (1) upon Reload.When enabled, the Timer Output
Complement is forced High (1) upon PWM count match and forced Low (0) upon
Reload. The PWMD field in TxCTL0 register is a programmable delay to control the
number of cycles time delay before the Timer Output and the Timer Output
Complement is forced to Low (0).

CAPTURE RESTART mode
0 = Count is captured on the rising edge of the Timer Input signal.
1 = Count is captured on the falling edge of the Timer Input signal.

COMPARATOR COUNTER mode
When the timer is disabled, the Timer Output signal is set to the value of this bit.
When the timer is enabled, the Timer Output signal is complemented upon timer
Reload.

PRES--Prescale value.
The timer input clock is divided by 2

PRES

, where PRES can be set from 0 to 7. The pres-

caler is reset each time the Timer is disabled. This reset ensures proper clock division each
time the Timer is restarted.

000 = Divide by 1
001 = Divide by 2
010 = Divide by 4
011 = Divide by 8
100 = Divide by 16
101 = Divide by 32
110 = Divide by 64
111 = Divide by 128

TMODE--Timer mode
This field along with the TMODEHI bit in TxCTL0 register determines the operating
mode of the timer. TMODEHI is the most significant bit of the Timer mode selection
value.

0000 = One-Shot mode
0001 = Continuous mode
0010 = Counter mode
0011 = PWM Single Output mode
0100 = Capture mode
0101 = Compare mode
0110 = Gated mode
0111 = Capture/Compare mode
1000 = PWM Dual Output mode

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P R E L I M I N A R Y Watch-Dog

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Watch-Dog Timer

Overview

The Watch-Dog Timer (WDT) protects against corrupt or unreliable software, power
faults, and other system-level problems which may place the 4K Series devices into
unsuitable operating states. The Watch-Dog Timer includes the following features:

On-chip RC oscillator

A selectable time-out response: reset or interrupt

24-bit programmable time-out value

Operation

The Watch-Dog Timer (WDT) is a retriggerable one-shot timer that resets or interrupts the
4K Series devices when the WDT reaches its terminal count. The Watch-Dog Timer uses a
dedicated on-chip RC oscillator as its clock source. The Watch-Dog Timer operates in
only two modes: ON and OFF. Once enabled, it always counts and must be refreshed to
prevent a time-out. Perform an enable by executing the WDT instruction or by setting the
WDT_AO Flash Option Bit. The WDT_AO bit forces the Watch-Dog Timer to operate
immediately upon reset, even if a WDT instruction has not been executed.

The Watch-Dog Timer is a 24-bit reloadable downcounter that uses three 8-bit registers in
the eZ8 CPU register space to set the reload value. The nominal WDT time-out period is
described by the following equation:

where the WDT reload value is the decimal value of the 24-bit value given by
{WDTU[7:0], WDTH[7:0], WDTL[7:0]} and the typical Watch-Dog Timer RC oscillator
frequency is 10KHz. The Watch-Dog Timer cannot be refreshed after it reaches

000002H

The WDT Reload Value must not be set to values below

000004H

. Table 53 provides

information about approximate time-out delays for the minimum and maximum WDT
reload values.

WDT Time-out Period (ms)

WDT Reload Value

--------------------------------------------------

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Watch-Dog Timer Refresh

When first enabled, the Watch-Dog Timer is loaded with the value in the Watch-Dog
Timer Reload registers. The Watch-Dog Timer counts down to

000000H

unless a WDT

instruction is executed by the eZ8 CPU. Execution of the WDT instruction causes the
downcounter to be reloaded with the WDT Reload value stored in the Watch-Dog Timer
Reload registers. Counting resumes following the reload operation.

When the 4K Series devices are operating in DEBUG Mode (using the On-Chip Debug-
ger), the Watch-Dog Timer is continuously refreshed to prevent any Watch-Dog Timer
time-outs.

Watch-Dog Timer Time-Out Response

The Watch-Dog Timer times out when the counter reaches

000000H

. A time-out of the

Watch-Dog Timer generates either an interrupt or a system reset. The WDT_RES Flash
Option Bit determines the time-out response of the Watch-Dog Timer. Refer to the chapter

"Flash Option Bits" on page 126

for information regarding programming of the

WDT_RES Flash Option Bit.

WDT Interrupt in Normal Operation

If configured to generate an interrupt when a time-out occurs, the Watch-Dog Timer issues
an interrupt request to the interrupt controller and sets the WDT status bit in the Watch-Dog
Timer Control register. If interrupts are enabled, the eZ8 CPU responds to the interrupt
request by fetching the Watch-Dog Timer interrupt vector and executing code from the
vector address. After time-out and interrupt generation, the Watch-Dog Timer counter
rolls over to its maximum value of

FFFFFH

and continues counting. The Watch-Dog

Timer counter is not automatically returned to its Reload Value.

The Reset Status Register (page 26) must be read before clearing the WDT interrupt. This
read clears the WDT timeout flag and prevents further WDT interrupts for immediately
occurring.

Table 53. Watch-Dog Timer Approximate Time-Out Delays

WDT Reload Value

(Hex)

WDT Reload Value

(Decimal)

Approximate Time-Out Delay

(with 10KHz typical WDT oscillator frequency)

Typical

Description

000004

400

Minimum time-out delay

FFFFFF

16,777,215

28 minutes

Maximum time-out delay

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WDT Interrupt in STOP Mode

If configured to generate an interrupt when a time-out occurs and the 4K Series devices
are in STOP mode, the Watch-Dog Timer automatically initiates a STOP Mode Recovery
and generates an interrupt request. Both the WDT status bit and the STOP bit in the
Watch-Dog Timer Control register are set to 1 following a WDT time-out in STOP mode.
Refer to the chapter

"Reset, STOP Mode Recovery and Low Voltage Detection" on

page 20

for more information about STOP Mode Recovery.

If interrupts are enabled, following completion of the STOP Mode Recovery the eZ8 CPU
responds to the interrupt request by fetching the Watch-Dog Timer interrupt vector and
executing code from the vector address.

WDT Reset in NORMAL Operation

If configured to generate a Reset when a time-out occurs, the Watch-Dog Timer forces the
device into the System Reset state. The WDT status bit in the Watch-Dog Timer Control
register is set to 1. Refer to the chapter

"Reset, STOP Mode Recovery and Low Volt-

age Detection" on page 20

for more information about system reset.

WDT Reset in STOP Mode

If configured to generate a Reset when a time-out occurs and the device is in STOP mode,
the Watch-Dog Timer initiates a STOP Mode Recovery. Both the WDT status bit and the
STOP

bit in the Watch-Dog Timer Control register are set to 1 following WDT time-out in

STOP mode. Refer to the chapter

"Reset, STOP Mode Recovery and Low Voltage

Detection" on page 20

for more information.

Watch-Dog Timer Reload Unlock Sequence

Writing the unlock sequence to the Watch-Dog Timer (WDTCTL) Control register address
unlocks the three Watch-Dog Timer Reload Byte registers (WDTU, WDTH, and WDTL)
to allow changes to the time-out period. These write operations to the WDTCTL register
address produce no effect on the bits in the WDTCTL register. The locking mechanism
prevents spurious writes to the Reload registers. The following sequence is required to
unlock the Watch-Dog Timer Reload Byte registers (WDTU, WDTH, and WDTL) for
write access.

1. Write 55

to the Watch-Dog Timer Control register (WDTCTL).

2. Write AA

to the Watch-Dog Timer Control register (WDTCTL).

3. Write the Watch-Dog Timer Reload Upper Byte register (WDTU).

4. Write the Watch-Dog Timer Reload High Byte register (WDTH).

5. Write the Watch-Dog Timer Reload Low Byte register (WDTL).

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All three Watch-Dog Timer Reload registers must be written in the order just listed. There
must be no other register writes between each of these operations. If a register write
occurs, the lock state machine resets and no further writes can occur unless the sequence is
restarted. The value in the Watch-Dog Timer Reload registers is loaded into the counter
when the Watch-Dog Timer is first enabled and every time a WDT instruction is executed.

Watch-Dog Timer Control Register Definitions

Watch-Dog Timer Control Register

The Watch-Dog Timer Control (WDTCTL) register is a write-only control register. Writ-
ing the

55H

AAH

unlock sequence to the WDTCTL register address unlocks the three

Watch-Dog Timer Reload Byte registers (WDTU, WDTH, and WDTL) to allow changes
to the time-out period. These write operations to the WDTCTL register address produce
no effect on the bits in the WDTCTL register. The locking mechanism prevents spurious
writes to the Reload registers.

This register address is shared with the read-only Reset Status Register.

WDTUNLK--Watch-Dog Timer Unlock
The user software must write the correct unlocking sequence to this register before it is
allowed to modify the contents of the watch-dog timer reload registers.

Watch-Dog Timer Reload Upper, High and Low Byte Registers

The Watch-Dog Timer Reload Upper, High and Low Byte (WDTU, WDTH, WDTL) reg-
isters (Tables 55 through 57) form the 24-bit reload value that is loaded into the Watch-
Dog Timer when a WDT instruction executes. The 24-bit reload value is {WDTU[7:0],
WDTH[7:0], WDTL[7:0]}. Writing to these registers sets the appropriate Reload Value.
Reading from these registers returns the current Watch-Dog Timer count value.

Table 54. Watch-Dog Timer Control Register (WDTCTL)

BITS

FIELD

WDTUNLK

RESET

R/W

ADDR

FF0H

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The 24-bit WDT Reload Value must not be set to a value less than

000004H

WDTU--WDT Reload Upper Byte
Most significant byte (MSB), Bits[23:16], of the 24-bit WDT reload value.

WDTH--WDT Reload High Byte
Middle byte, Bits[15:8], of the 24-bit WDT reload value.

WDTL--WDT Reload Low

Least significant byte (LSB), Bits[7:0], of the 24-bit WDT reload value.

Table 55. Watch-Dog Timer Reload Upper Byte Register (WDTU)

BITS

FIELD

WDTU

RESET

R/W

R/W*

ADDR

FF1H

R/W* - Read returns the current WDT count value. Write sets the appropriate Reload Value.

Table 56. Watch-Dog Timer Reload High Byte Register (WDTH)

BITS

FIELD

WDTH

RESET

R/W

R/W*

ADDR

FF2H

R/W* - Read returns the current WDT count value. Write sets the appropriate Reload Value.

Table 57. Watch-Dog Timer Reload Low Byte Register (WDTL)

BITS

FIELD

WDTL

RESET

R/W

R/W*

ADDR

FF3H

R/W* - Read returns the current WDT count value. Write sets the appropriate Reload Value.

Caution:

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UART

Overview

The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) is a full-duplex communica-
tion channel capable of handling asynchronous data transfers. The UART uses a single
8-bit data mode with selectable parity. Features of the UART include:

8-bit asynchronous data transfer

Selectable even- and odd-parity generation and checking

Option of one or two STOP bits

Separate transmit and receive interrupts

Framing, parity, overrun and break detection

Separate transmit and receive enables

16-bit Baud Rate Generator (BRG)

Selectable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode with three configurable interrupt schemes

Baud Rate Generator timer mode

Driver Enable output for external bus transceivers

Architecture

The UART consists of three primary functional blocks: transmitter, receiver, and baud rate
generator. The UART's transmitter and receiver function independently, but employ the
same baud rate and data format. Figure 10 illustrates the UART architecture.

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Figure 10.UART Block Diagram

Operation

Data Format

The UART always transmits and receives data in an 8-bit data format, least-significant bit
first. An even or odd parity bit can be added to the data stream. Each character begins with
an active

Low

Start

bit and ends with either 1 or 2 active High Stop bits. Figures 11 and

12 illustrates the asynchronous data format employed by the UART without parity and
with parity, respectively.

Receive Shifter

Receive Data

Transmit Data

Transmit Shift

TXD

RXD

System Bus

Parity Checker

Parity Generator

Receiver Control

Control Registers

Transmitter Control

CTS

Status Register

Baud Rate

Generator

with Address Compare

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Figure 11.UART Asynchronous Data Format without Parity

Figure 12.UART Asynchronous Data Format with Parity

Transmitting Data using the Polled Method

Follow these steps to transmit data using the polled method of operation:

1. Write to the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers to set the required baud

rate.

2. Enable the UART pin functions by configuring the associated GPIO Port pins for

alternate function operation.

3. Write to the UART Control 1 register, if MULTIPROCESSOR mode is appropriate, to

enable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode functions.

4. Set the Multiprocessor Mode Select (MPEN) bit to enable MULTIPROCESSOR mode.

5. Write to the UART Control 0 register to:

Set the transmit enable bit (TEN) to enable the UART for data transmission

Set the parity enable bit (PEN), if parity is appropriate and MULTIPROCESSOR
mode is not enabled, and select either even or odd parity (PSEL).

Set or clear the CTSE bit to enable or disable control from the remote receiver
using the CTS pin.

Start

Bit0

Bit1

Bit2

Bit3

Bit4

Bit5

Bit6

Bit7

Data Field

lsb

msb

Idle State

of Line

Stop Bit(s)

Start

Bit0

Bit1

Bit2

Bit3

Bit4

Bit5

Bit6

Bit7

Parity

Data Field

lsb

msb

Idle State

of Line

Stop Bit(s)

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6. Check the TDRE bit in the UART Status 0 register to determine if the Transmit Data

register is empty (indicated by a 1). If empty, continue to Step 6. If the Transmit Data
register is full (indicated by a 0), continue to monitor the TDRE bit until the Transmit
Data register becomes available to receive new data.

7. Write the UART Control 1 register to select the outgoing address bit.

8. Set the Multiprocessor Bit Transmitter (MPBT) if sending an address byte, clear it if

sending a data byte.

9. Write the data byte to the UART Transmit Data register. The transmitter automatically

transfers the data to the Transmit Shift register and transmits the data.

10. Make any changes to the Multiprocessor Bit Transmitter (

MPBT

) value, if appropriate

and MULTIPROCESSOR mode is enabled,.

11. To transmit additional bytes, return to Step 5.

Transmitting Data using the Interrupt-Driven Method

The UART Transmitter interrupt indicates the availability of the Transmit Data register to
accept new data for transmission. Follow these steps to configure the UART for interrupt-
driven data transmission:

1. Write to the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers to set the appropriate baud

rate.

2. Enable the UART pin functions by configuring the associated GPIO Port pins for

alternate function operation.

3. Execute a DI instruction to disable interrupts.

4. Write to the Interrupt control registers to enable the UART Transmitter interrupt and

set the acceptable priority.

5. Write to the UART Control 1 register to enable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode

functions, if MULTIPROCESSOR mode is appropriate.

6. Set the MULTIPROCESSOR Mode Select (MPEN) to Enable MULTIPROCESSOR

mode.

7. Write to the UART Control 0 register to:

Set the transmit enable bit (TEN) to enable the UART for data transmission

Enable parity, if appropriate and if MULTIPROCESSOR mode is not enabled, and
select either even or odd parity.

Set or clear CTSE to enable or disable control from the remote receiver using the
CTS pin.

8. Execute an EI instruction to enable interrupts.

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The UART is now configured for interrupt-driven data transmission. Because the UART
Transmit Data register is empty, an interrupt is generated immediately. When the UART
Transmit interrupt is detected, the associated interrupt service routine (ISR) performs the
following:

1. Write the UART Control 1 register to select the multiprocessor bit for the byte to be

transmitted:

Set the Multiprocessor Bit Transmitter (MPBT) if sending an address byte, clear it if
sending a data byte.

2. Write the data byte to the UART Transmit Data register. The transmitter automatically

transfers the data to the Transmit Shift register and transmits the data.

3. Clear the UART Transmit interrupt bit in the applicable Interrupt Request register.

4. Execute the IRET instruction to return from the interrupt-service routine and wait for

the Transmit Data register to again become empty.

Receiving Data using the Polled Method

Follow these steps to configure the UART for polled data reception:

5. Write to the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers to set an acceptable baud

rate for the incoming data stream.

6. Enable the UART pin functions by configuring the associated GPIO Port pins for

alternate function operation.

7. Write to the UART Control 1 register to enable MULTIPROCESSOR mode functions,

if appropriate.

8. Write to the UART Control 0 register to:

Set the receive enable bit (REN) to enable the UART for data reception

Enable parity, if appropriate and if Multiprocessor mode is not enabled, and select
either even or odd parity.

9. Check the RDA bit in the UART Status 0 register to determine if the Receive Data

register contains a valid data byte (indicated by a 1). If RDA is set to 1 to indicate
available data, continue to Step 5. If the Receive Data register is empty (indicated by a
0), continue to monitor the RDA bit awaiting reception of the valid data.

10. Read data from the UART Receive Data register. If operating in MULTIPROCESSOR

(9-bit) mode, further actions may be required depending on the MULTIPROCESSOR
mode bits MPMD[1:0].

11. Return to Step 4 to receive additional data.

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Receiving Data using the Interrupt-Driven Method

The UART Receiver interrupt indicates the availability of new data (as well as error condi-
tions). Follow these steps to configure the UART receiver for interrupt-driven operation:

1. Write to the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers to set the acceptable baud

rate.

2. Enable the UART pin functions by configuring the associated GPIO Port pins for

alternate function operation.

3. Execute a DI instruction to disable interrupts.

4. Write to the Interrupt control registers to enable the UART Receiver interrupt and set

the acceptable priority.

5. Clear the UART Receiver interrupt in the applicable Interrupt Request register.

6. Write to the UART Control 1 Register to enable Multiprocessor (9-bit) mode

functions, if appropriate.

Set the Multiprocessor Mode Select (MPEN) to Enable MULTIPROCESSOR
mode.

Set the Multiprocessor Mode Bits, MPMD[1:0], to select the acceptable address
matching scheme.

Configure the UART to interrupt on received data and errors or errors only
(interrupt on errors only is unlikely to be useful for Z8 Encore!

devices without a

DMA block)

7. Write the device address to the Address Compare Register (automatic

MULTIPROCESSOR modes only).

8. Write to the UART Control 0 register to:

Set the receive enable bit (REN) to enable the UART for data reception

Enable parity, if appropriate and if multiprocessor mode is not enabled, and select
either even or odd parity.

9. Execute an EI instruction to enable interrupts.

The UART is now configured for interrupt-driven data reception. When the UART
Receiver interrupt is detected, the associated interrupt service routine (ISR) performs the
following:

1. Checks the UART Status 0 register to determine the source of the interrupt - error,

break, or received data.

2. Reads the data from the UART Receive Data register if the interrupt was because of

data available. If operating in MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode, further actions may
be required depending on the MULTIPROCESSOR mode bits MPMD[1:0].

3. Clears the UART Receiver interrupt in the applicable Interrupt Request register.

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4. Executes the IRET instruction to return from the interrupt-service routine and await

more data.

Clear To Send (CTS) Operation

The CTS pin, if enabled by the CTSE bit of the UART Control 0 register, performs flow
control on the outgoing transmit datastream. The Clear To Send (CTS) input pin is sam-
pled one system clock before beginning any new character transmission. To delay trans-
mission of the next data character, an external receiver must deassert CTS at least one
system clock cycle before a new data transmission begins. For multiple character trans-
missions, this action is typically performed during Stop Bit transmission. If CTS deasserts
in the middle of a character transmission, the current character is sent completely.

MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) Mode

The UART has a MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode that uses an extra (9th) bit for selec-
tive communication when a number of processors share a common UART bus. In MULTI-
PROCESSOR mode (also referred to as 9-Bit mode), the multiprocessor bit (

) is

transmitted immediately following the 8-bits of data and immediately preceding the Stop
bit(s) as illustrated in Figure 13. The character format is:

Figure 13.UART Asynchronous MULTIPROCESSOR Mode Data Format

In MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode, the Parity bit location (9th bit) becomes the Multi-
processor control bit. The UART Control 1 and Status 1 registers provide MULTIPRO-
CESSOR (9-bit) mode control and status information. If an automatic address matching
scheme is enabled, the UART Address Compare register holds the network address of the
device.

MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) Mode Receive Interrupts

When MULTIPROCESSOR mode is enabled, the UART only processes frames addressed
to it. The determination of whether a frame of data is addressed to the UART can be made
in hardware, software or some combination of the two, depending on the multiprocessor
configuration bits. In general, the address compare feature reduces the load on the CPU,
because it does not require access to the UART when it receives data directed to other

Start

Bit0

Bit1

Bit2

Bit3

Bit4

Bit5

Bit6

Bit7

Data Field

lsb

msb

Idle State

of Line

Stop Bit(s)

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devices on the multi-node network. The following three MULTIPROCESSOR modes are
available in hardware:

Interrupt on all address bytes

Interrupt on matched address bytes and correctly framed data bytes

Interrupt only on correctly framed data bytes

These modes are selected with MPMD[1:0] in the UART Control 1 Register. For all mul-
tiprocessor modes, bit MPEN of the UART Control 1 Register must be set to 1.

The first scheme is enabled by writing

01b

to MPMD[1:0]. In this mode, all incoming

address bytes cause an interrupt, while data bytes never cause an interrupt. The interrupt
service routine must manually check the address byte that caused triggered the interrupt. If
it matches the UART address, the software clears MPMD[0]. Each new incoming byte
interrupts the CPU. The software is responsible for determining the end of the frame. It
checks for the end-of-frame by reading the MPRX bit of the UART Status 1 Register for
each incoming byte. If MPRX=1, a new frame has begun. If the address of this new frame
is different from the UART's address, MPMD[0] must be set to 1 causing the UART inter-
rupts to go inactive until the next address byte. If the new frame's address matches the
UART's, the data in the new frame is processed as well.

The second scheme requires the following: set MPMD[1:0] to

10B

and write the UART's

address into the UART Address Compare Register. This mode introduces additional hard-
ware control, interrupting only on frames that match the UART's address. When an
incoming address byte does not match the UART's address, it is ignored. All successive
data bytes in this frame are also ignored. When a matching address byte occurs, an inter-
rupt is issued and further interrupts now occur on each succesive data byte. When the first
data byte in the frame is read, the NEWFRM bit of the UART Status 1 Register is asserted.
All successive data bytes have NEWFRM=0. When the next address byte occurs, the hard-
ware compares it to the UART's address. If there is a match, the interrupts continues and
the NEWFRM bit is set for the first byte of the new frame. If there is no match, the UART
ignores all incoming bytes until the next address match.

The third scheme is enabled by setting MPMD[1:0] to

11b

and by writing the UART's

address into the UART Address Compare Register. This mode is identical to the second
scheme, except that there are no interrupts on address bytes. The first data byte of each
frame remains accompanied by a NEWFRM assertion.

External Driver Enable

The UART provides a Driver Enable (DE) signal for off-chip bus transceivers. This fea-
ture reduces the software overhead associated with using a GPIO pin to control the trans-
ceiver when communicating on a multi-transceiver bus, such as RS-485.

Driver Enable is an active High signal that envelopes the entire transmitted data frame
including parity and Stop bits as illustrated in Figure 14. The Driver Enable signal asserts
when a byte is written to the UART Transmit Data register. The Driver Enable signal

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asserts at least one UART bit period and no greater than two UART bit periods before the
Start bit is transmitted. This allows a setup time to enable the transceiver. The Driver
Enable signal deasserts one system clock period after the final Stop bit is transmitted. This
one system clock delay allows both time for data to clear the transceiver before disabling
it, as well as the ability to determine if another character follows the current character. In
the event of back to back characters (new data must be written to the Transmit Data Regis-
ter before the previous character is completely transmitted) the DE signal is not deasserted
between characters. The Depol bit in the UART Control Register 1 sets the polarity of the
Driver Enable signal.

Figure 14.UART Driver Enable Signal Timing (shown with 1 Stop Bit and Parity)

The Driver Enable to Start bit setup time is calculated as follows:

UART Interrupts

The UART features separate interrupts for the transmitter and the receiver. In addition,
when the UART primary functionality is disabled, the Baud Rate Generator can also func-
tion as a basic timer with interrupt capability.

Transmitter Interrupts

The transmitter generates a single interrupt when the Transmit Data Register Empty bit
(TDRE) is set to 1. This indicates that the transmitter is ready to accept new data for trans-
mission. The TDRE interrupt occurs after the Transmit shift register has shifted the first
bit of data out. The Transmit Data register can now be written with the next character to
send. This action provides 7 bit periods of latency to load the Transmit Data register
before the Transmit shift register completes shifting the current character. Writing to the
UART Transmit Data register clears the TDRE bit to 0.

Start

Bit0

Bit1

Bit2

Bit3

Bit4

Bit5

Bit6

Bit7

Parity

Data Field

lsb

msb

Idle State

of Line

Stop Bit

Baud Rate (Hz)

-------------------------------------

DE to Start Bit Setup Time (s)

Baud Rate (Hz)

-------------------------------------

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Receiver Interrupts

The receiver generates an interrupt when any of the following occurs:

A data byte is received and is available in the UART Receive Data register. This interrupt
can be disabled independently of the other receiver interrupt sources. The received data in-
terrupt occurs after the receive character has been received and placed in the Receive Data
register. To avoid an overrun error, software must respond to this received data available
condition before the next character is completely received.

In MULTIPROCESSOR mode (MPEN = 1), the receive data interrupts are dependent on
the multiprocessor configuration and the most recent address byte.

A break is received

An overrun is detected

A data framing error is detected

UART Overrun Errors

When an overrun error condition occurs the UART prevents overwriting of the valid data
currently in the Receive Data register. The Break Detect and Overrun status bits are not
displayed until after the valid data has been read.

After the valid data has been read, the UART Status 0 register is updated to indicate the
overrun condition (and Break Detect, if applicable). The RDA bit is set to 1 to indicate that
the Receive Data register contains a data byte. However, because the overrun error
occurred, this byte may not contain valid data and must be ignored. The BRKD bit indi-
cates if the overrun was caused by a break condition on the line. After reading the status
byte indicating an overrun error, the Receive Data register must be read again to clear the
error bits is the UART Status 0 register. Updates to the Receive Data register occur only
when the next data word is received.

UART Data and Error Handling Procedure

Figure 15 illustrates the recommended procedure for use in UART receiver interrupt ser-
vice routines.

Note:

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Figure 15.UART Receiver Interrupt Service Routine Flow

Baud Rate Generator Interrupts

If the Baud Rate Generator (BRG) interrupt enable is set, the UART Receiver interrupt
asserts when the UART Baud Rate Generator reloads. This condition allows the Baud
Rate Generator to function as an additional counter if the UART functionality is not
employed.

UART Baud Rate Generator

The UART Baud Rate Generator creates a lower frequency baud rate clock for data trans-
mission. The input to the Baud Rate Generator is the system clock. The UART Baud Rate
High and Low Byte registers combine to create a 16-bit baud rate divisor value

Receiver

Errors?

Yes

Read Status

Discard Data

Read Data which

Interrupt

Receiver

Ready

clears RDA bit and

resets error bits

Read Data

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(BRG[15:0]) that sets the data transmission rate (baud rate) of the UART. The UART data
rate is calculated using the following equation:

When the UART is disabled, the Baud Rate Generator functions as a basic 16-bit timer
with interrupt on time-out. To configure the Baud Rate Generator as a timer with interrupt
on time-out, complete the following procedure:

1. Disable the UART by clearing the REN and TEN bits in the UART Control 0 register

to 0.

2. Load the acceptable 16-bit count value into the UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte

registers.

3. Enable the Baud Rate Generator timer function and associated interrupt by setting the

BIRQ

bit in the UART Control 1 register to 1.

UART Control Register Definitions

The UART control registers support the UART and the associated Infrared Encoder/
Decoders. For more information about the infrared operation, refer to the

Infrared

Encoder/Decoder

chapter on page 103.

UART Transmit Data Register

Data bytes written to the UART Transmit Data register (Table 58) are shifted out on the

TXDx

pin. The Write-only UART Transmit Data register shares a Register File address

with the read-only UART Receive Data register.

TXD--Transmit Data
UART transmitter data byte to be shifted out through the TXDx pin.

Table 58. UART Transmit Data Register (U0TXD)

BITS

FIELD

TXD

RESET

R/W

ADDR

F40H

UART Data Rate (bits/s)

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

16 UART Baud Rate Divisor Value

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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UART Receive Data Register

Data bytes received through the RXDx pin are stored in the UART Receive Data register
(Table 59). The read-only UART Receive Data register shares a Register File address with
the Write-only UART Transmit Data register.

RXD--Receive Data
UART receiver data byte from the RXDx pin

UART Status 0 Register

The UART Status 0 and Status 1 registers (Table 60 and 54) identify the current UART
operating configuration and status.

RDA--Receive Data Available
This bit indicates that the UART Receive Data register has received data. Reading the
UART Receive Data register clears this bit.
0 = The UART Receive Data register is empty.
1 = There is a byte in the UART Receive Data register.

PE--Parity Error
This bit indicates that a parity error has occurred. Reading the UART Receive Data regis-
ter clears this bit.

0 = No parity error has occurred.
1 = A parity error has occurred.

OE--Overrun Error
This bit indicates that an overrun error has occurred. An overrun occurs when new data is

Table 59. UART Receive Data Register (U0RXD)

BITS

FIELD

RXD

RESET

R/W

ADDR

F40H

Table 60. UART Status 0 Register (U0STAT0)

BITS

FIELD

RDA

BRKD

TDRE

TXE

CTS

RESET

R/W

ADDR

F41H

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received and the UART Receive Data register has not been read. If the RDA bit is reset to
0, reading the UART Receive Data register clears this bit.
0 = No overrun error occurred.
1 = An overrun error occurred.

FE--Framing Error
This bit indicates that a framing error (no Stop bit following data reception) was detected.
Reading the UART Receive Data register clears this bit.
0 = No framing error occurred.
1 = A framing error occurred.

BRKD--Break Detect
This bit indicates that a break occurred. If the data bits, parity/multiprocessor bit, and Stop
bit(s) are all 0s this bit is set to 1. Reading the UART Receive Data register clears this bit.
0 = No break occurred.
1 = A break occurred.

TDRE--Transmitter Data Register Empty
This bit indicates that the UART Transmit Data register is empty and ready for additional
data. Writing to the UART Transmit Data register resets this bit.
0 = Do not write to the UART Transmit Data register.
1 = The UART Transmit Data register is ready to receive an additional byte to be transmit-
ted.

TXE--Transmitter Empty
This bit indicates that the transmit shift register is empty and character transmission is fin-
ished.
0 = Data is currently transmitting.
1 = Transmission is complete.

CTS--CTS signal
When this bit is read it returns the level of the CTS signal. This signal is active Low.

UART Status 1 Register

This register contains multiprocessor control and status bits.

Table 61. UART Status 1 Register (U0STAT1)

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

NEWFRM

MPRX

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F44H

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Reserved--Must be 0.

NEWFRM--Status bit denoting the start of a new frame. Reading the UART Receive
Data register resets this bit to 0.
0 = The current byte is not the first data byte of a new frame.
1 = The current byte is the first data byte of a new frame.

MPRX--Multiprocessor Receive
Returns the value of the most recent multiprocessor bit received. Reading from the UART
Receive Data register resets this bit to 0.

UART Control 0 and Control 1 Registers

The UART Control 0 and Control 1 registers (Tables 62 and 63) configure the properties
of the UART's transmit and receive operations. The UART Control registers must not be
written while the UART is enabled.

TEN--Transmit Enable
This bit enables or disables the transmitter. The enable is also controlled by the CTS signal
and the CTSE bit. If the CTS signal is low and the CTSE bit is 1, the transmitter is
enabled.
0 = Transmitter disabled.
1 = Transmitter enabled.

REN--Receive Enable
This bit enables or disables the receiver.
0 = Receiver disabled.
1 = Receiver enabled.

CTSE--CTS Enable
0 = The CTS signal has no effect on the transmitter.
1 = The UART recognizes the CTS signal as an enable control from the transmitter.

PEN--Parity Enable
This bit enables or disables parity. Even or odd is determined by the PSEL bit.
0 = Parity is disabled.
1 = The transmitter sends data with an additional parity bit and the receiver receives an
additional parity bit.

Table 62. UART Control 0 Register (U0CTL0)

BITS

FIELD

TEN

REN

CTSE

PEN

PSEL

SBRK

STOP

LBEN

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F42H

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PSEL--Parity Select
0 = Even parity is transmitted and expected on all received data.
1 = Odd parity is transmitted and expected on all received data.

SBRK--Send Break
This bit pauses or breaks data transmission. Sending a break interrupts any transmission in
progress, so ensure that the transmitter has finished sending data before setting this bit.
0 = No break is sent.
1 = Forces a break condition by setting the output of the transmitter to zero.

STOP--Stop Bit Select
0 = The transmitter sends one stop bit.
1 = The transmitter sends two stop bits.

LBEN--Loop Back Enable
0 = Normal operation.
1 = All transmitted data is looped back to the receiver.

MPMD[1:0]--MULTIPROCESSOR Mode
If MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode is enabled,
00 = The UART generates an interrupt request on all received bytes (data and address).
01 = The UART generates an interrupt request only on received address bytes.
10 = The UART generates an interrupt request when a received address byte matches the
value stored in the Address Compare Register and on all successive data bytes until an
address mismatch occurs.
11 = The UART generates an interrupt request on all received data bytes for which the
most recent address byte matched the value in the Address Compare Register.

MPEN--MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) Enable
This bit is used to enable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode.
0 = Disable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode.
1 = Enable MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode.

MPBT--Multiprocessor Bit Transmit
This bit is applicable only when MULTIPROCESSOR (9-bit) mode is enabled. The 9th bit
is used by the receiving device to determine if the data byte contains address or data infor-
mation.

Table 63. UART Control 1 Register (U0CTL1)

BITS

FIELD

MPMD[1]

MPEN

MPMD[0]

MPBT

DEPOL

BRGCTL

RDAIRQ

IREN

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F43H

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100

0 = Send a 0 in the multiprocessor bit location of the data stream (data byte).
1 = Send a 1 in the multiprocessor bit location of the data stream (address byte).

DEPOL--Driver Enable Polarity
0 = DE signal is Active High.
1 = DE signal is Active Low.

BRGCTL--Baud Rate Control
This bit causes an alternate UART behavior depending on the value of the REN bit in the
UART Control 0 Register.

When the UART receiver is not enabled (REN=0), this bit determines whether the Baud
Rate Generator issues interrupts.
0 = Reads from the Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers return the BRG Reload Value
1 = The Baud Rate Generator generates a receive interrupt when it counts down to 0.
Reads from the Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers return the current BRG count
value.

When the UART receiver is enabled (REN=1), this bit allows reads from the Baud Rate
Registers to return the BRG count value instead of the Reload Value.
0 = Reads from the Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers return the BRG Reload Value.
1 = Reads from the Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers return the current BRG count
value. Unlike the Timers, there is no mechanism to latch the Low Byte when the High
Byte is read.

RDAIRQ--Receive Data Interrupt Enable
0 = Received data and receiver errors generates an interrupt request to the Interrupt Con-
troller.
1 = Received data does not generate an interrupt request to the Interrupt Controller. Only
receiver errors generate an interrupt request.

IREN--Infrared Encoder/Decoder Enable
0 = Infrared Encoder/Decoder is disabled. UART operates normally.
1 = Infrared Encoder/Decoder is enabled. The UART transmits and receives data through
the Infrared Encoder/Decoder.

UART Address Compare Register

The UART Address Compare register stores the multi-node network address of the UART.
When the MPMD[1] bit of UART Control Register 0 is set, all incoming address bytes are
compared to the value stored in the Address Compare register. Receive interrupts and
RDA assertions only occur in the event of a match.

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101

COMP_ADDR--Compare Address
This 8-bit value is compared to incoming address bytes.

UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte Registers

The UART Baud Rate High and Low Byte registers (Tables 65 and 66) combine to create
a 16-bit baud rate divisor value (BRG[15:0]) that sets the data transmission rate (baud
rate) of the UART.

The UART data rate is calculated using the following equation:

For a given UART data rate, calculate the integer baud rate divisor value using the follow-
ing equation:

Table 64. UART Address Compare Register (U0ADDR)

BITS

FIELD

COMP_ADDR

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F45H

Table 65. UART Baud Rate High Byte Register (U0BRH)

BITS

FIELD

BRH

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F46H

Table 66. UART Baud Rate Low Byte Register (U0BRL)

BITS

FIELD

BRL

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F47H

UART Baud Rate (bits/s)

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

16 UART Baud Rate Divisor Value

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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102

The baud rate error relative to the acceptable baud rate is calculated using the following
equation:

For reliable communication, the UART baud rate error must never exceed 5 percent.
Table 67 provides information about data rate errors for 5.5296MHz system clock.

Table 67. UART Baud Rates

5.5296 MHz System Clock

Acceptable

Rate (KHz)

BRG Divisor

(Decimal)

Actual Rate

(KHz)

Error

(%)

1250.0

N/A

625.0

N/A

250.0

345.6

38.24

115.2

0.00

57.6

0.00

38.4

0.00

19.2

0.00

9.60

0.00

4.80

0.00

2.40

144

2.40

0.00

1.20

288

1.20

0.00

0.60

576

0.60

0.00

0.30

1152

0.30

0.00

UART Baud Rate Divisor Value (BRG)

Round

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

16 UART Data Rate (bits/s)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

UART Baud Rate Error (%)

100

Actual Data Rate Desired Data Rate

Desired Data Rate

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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103

Infrared Encoder/Decoder

Overview

The 4K Series products contain a fully-functional, high-performance UART to Infrared
Encoder/Decoder (Endec). The Infrared Endec is integrated with an on-chip UART to
allow easy communication between the Z8 Encore!

and IrDA Physical Layer Specifica-

tion, Version 1.3-compliant infrared transceivers. Infrared communication provides
secure, reliable, low-cost, point-to-point communication between PCs, PDAs, cell phones,
printers and other infrared enabled devices.

Architecture

Figure 16 illustrates the architecture of the Infrared Endec.

Figure 16.Infrared Data Communication System Block Diagram

Operation

When the Infrared Endec is enabled, the transmit data from the associated on-chip UART
is encoded as digital signals in accordance with the IrDA standard and output to the infra-
red transceiver through the TXD pin. Likewise, data received from the infrared transceiver

Interrupt

Signal

RXD

TXD

Infrared

Encoder/Decoder

UART

RxD

TxD

System

Clock

I/O

Address

Data

Infrared

Transceiver

RXD

TXD

Baud Rate

Clock

(Endec)

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is passed to the Infrared Endec through the RXD pin, decoded by the Infrared Endec, and
passed to the UART. Communication is half-duplex, which means simultaneous data
transmission and reception is not allowed.

The baud rate is set by the UART's Baud Rate Generator and supports IrDA standard baud
rates from 9600 baud to 115.2 Kbaud. Higher baud rates are possible, but do not meet
IrDA specifications. The UART must be enabled to use the Infrared Endec. The Infrared
Endec data rate is calculated using the following equation:

Transmitting IrDA Data

The data to be transmitted using the infrared transceiver is first sent to the UART. The
UART's transmit signal (TXD) and baud rate clock are used by the IrDA to generate the
modulation signal (IR_TXD) that drives the infrared transceiver. Each UART/Infrared
data bit is 16 clocks wide. If the data to be transmitted is 1, the IR_TXD signal remains
low for the full 16 clock period. If the data to be transmitted is 0, the transmitter first out-
puts a 7 clock low period, followed by a 3 clock high pulse. Finally, a 6 clock low pulse is
output to complete the full 16 clock data period. Figure 17 illustrates IrDA data transmis-
sion. When the Infrared Endec is enabled, the UART's TXD signal is internal to the 4K
Series products while the IR_TXD signal is output through the TXD pin.

Figure 17.Infrared Data Transmission

Infrared

Data Rate (bits/s)

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

16 UART Baud Rate Divisor Value

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Baud Rate

IR_TXD

UART's

16 clock

period

Start Bit = 0

Data Bit 0 = 1

Data Bit 1 = 0

Data Bit 2 = 1

Data Bit 3 = 1

7-clock

delay

3 clock

pulse

TXD

Clock

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Receiving IrDA Data

Data received from the infrared transceiver using the IR_RXD signal through the RXD pin
is decoded by the Infrared Endec and passed to the UART. The UART's baud rate clock is
used by the Infrared Endec to generate the demodulated signal (RXD) that drives the
UART. Each UART/Infrared data bit is 16-clocks wide. Figure 18 illustrates data recep-
tion. When the Infrared Endec is enabled, the UART's RXD signal is internal to the 4K
Series products while the IR_RXD signal is received through the RXD pin.

Figure 18.IrDA Data Reception

Infrared Data Reception

The system clock frequency must be at least 1.0MHz to ensure proper reception of the
1.4

µs minimum width pulses allowed by the IrDA standard.

Endec Receiver Synchronization

The IrDA receiver uses a local baud rate clock counter (0 to 15 clock periods) to generate
an input stream for the UART and to create a sampling window for detection of incoming
pulses. The generated UART input (UART RXD) is delayed by 8 baud rate clock periods
with respect to the incoming IrDA data stream. When a falling edge in the input data
stream is detected, the Endec counter is reset. When the count reaches a value of 8, the
UART RXD value is updated to reflect the value of the decoded data. When the count
reaches 12 baud clock periods, the sampling window for the next incoming pulse opens.
The window remains open until the count again reaches 8 (in other words, 24 baud clock
periods since the previous pulse was detected), giving the Endec a sampling window of
minus four baud rate clocks to plus eight baud rate clocks around the expected time of an

Baud Rate

UART's

IR_RXD

16 clock

period

Start Bit = 0

Data Bit 0 = 1

Data Bit 1 = 0

Data Bit 2 = 1

Data Bit 3 = 1

8 clock

delay

Clock

RXD

16 clock

period

16 clock

period

16 clock

period

16 clock

period

Start Bit = 0

Data Bit 0 = 1

Data Bit 1 = 0

Data Bit 2 = 1

Data Bit 3 = 1

min. 1.4

pulse

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incoming pulse. If an incoming pulse is detected inside this window this process is
repeated. If the incoming data is a logical 1 (no pulse), the Endec returns to the initial state
and waits for the next falling edge. As each falling edge is detected, the Endec clock
counter is reset, resynchronizing the Endec to the incoming signal, allowing the Endec to
tolerate jitter and baud rate errors in the incoming datastream. Resynchronizing the Endec
does not alter the operation of the UART, which ultimately receives the data. The UART is
only synchronized to the incoming data stream when a Start bit is received.

Infrared Encoder/Decoder Control Register Definitions

All Infrared Endec configuration and status information is set by the UART control regis-
ters as defined beginning on page 84.

To prevent spurious signals during IrDA data transmission, set the IREN bit in the
UART Control 1 register to 1 to enable the Infrared Encoder/Decoder before enabling
the GPIO Port alternate function for the corresponding pin.

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Analog-to-Digital Converter

Overview

The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) converts an analog input signal to its digital rep-
resentation. The features of this sigma-delta ADC include:

10-bit resolution

8 single-ended analog input sources are multiplexed with general-purpose I/O ports

Interrupt upon conversion complete

Internal voltage reference generator with three selectable levels

Architecture

Figure 19 illustrates the major functional blocks of the ADC. An analog multiplexer net-
work selects the ADC input from the available analog pins, ANA0 through ANA7. The
ADC requires an input reference voltage for the conversion. The voltage reference for the
conversion can be input through the external VREF pin or generated internally by the volt-
age reference generator.

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Figure 19.Analog-to-Digital Converter Block Diagram

Operation

Data Format

The output of the ADC is an 11- bit, signed, two's complement digital value. The output
generally ranges from 0 to +1023, but offset errors can cause small negative values.

The ADC registers return 13 bits of data, but the two LSBs are intended for compensation
use only. When the compensation routine is performed on the 13 bit raw ADC value, two
bits of resolution are lost because of a rounding error. As a result, the final value is an 11-
bit number.

Analog Input

Multiplexer

Internal Voltage

Reference Generator

Ref

ADC

IRQ

ADC

Data

Vrefsel

ANA7

ANA6

ANA5

ANA4

ANA3

ANA2

ANA1

ANA0

VREFEXT

Analog

Input

ANAIN

Vref

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Automatic Powerdown

If the ADC is idle (no conversions in progress) for 160 consecutive system clock cycles,
portions of the ADC are automatically powered down. From this powerdown state, the
ADC requires 40 system clock cycles to powerup. The ADC powers up when a conversion
is requested by the ADC Control register.

Single-Shot Conversion

When configured for single-shot conversion, the ADC performs a single analog-to-digital
conversion on the selected analog input channel. After completion of the conversion, the
ADC shuts down. The steps for setting up the ADC and initiating a single-shot conversion
are as follows:

1. Enable the acceptable analog inputs by configuring the general-purpose I/O pins for

alternate function. This configuration disables the digital input and output drivers.

2. Write the

ADC Control/Status Register 1

to configure the ADC

Write the

REFSELH

bit of the pair {

REFSELH

REFSELL

} to select the internal

voltage reference level or to disable the internal reference. The

REFSELL

bit is

contained in the

ADC Control Register 0

3. Write to the

ADC Control Register 0

to configure the ADC and begin the

conversion. The bit fields in the ADC Control register can be written simultaneously:

Write to the ANAIN[3:0] field to select from the available analog input sources
(different input pins available depending on the device)

Clear CONT to 0 to select a single-shot conversion.

If the internal voltage reference must be output to a pin, set the

REFEXT

bit to 1.

The internal voltage reference must be enabled in this case.

Write the

REFSELL

bit of the pair {

REFSELH

REFSELL

} to select the internal

voltage reference level or to disable the internal reference. The

REFSELH

bit is

contained in the

ADC Control/Status Register 1

Set CEN to 1 to start the conversion.

4. CEN remains 1 while the conversion is in progress. A single-shot conversion requires

5129 system clock cycles to complete. If a single-shot conversion is requested from an
ADC powered-down state, the ADC uses 40 additional clock cycles to power-up
before beginning the 5129 cycle conversion.

5. When the conversion is complete, the ADC control logic performs the following

operations:

11-bit two's-complement result written to {ADCD_H[7:0], ADCD_L[7:5]}.

CEN

resets to 0 to indicate the conversion is complete.

An interrupt request is sent to the Interrupt Controller denoting conversion
complete.

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6. If the ADC remains idle for 160 consecutive system clock cycles, it is automatically

powered-down.

Continuous Conversion

When configured for continuous conversion, the ADC continuously performs an analog-
to-digital conversion on the selected analog input. Each new data value over-writes the
previous value stored in the ADC Data registers. An interrupt is generated after each con-
version.

In CONTINUOUS mode, ADC updates are limited by the input signal bandwidth of the
ADC and the latency of the ADC and its digital filter. Step changes at the input are not
detected at the next output from the ADC. The response of the ADC (in all modes) is
limited by the input signal bandwidth and the latency.

Follow these steps for setting up the ADC and initiating continuous conversion:

1. Enable the acceptable analog input by configuring the general-purpose I/O pins for

alternate function. This action disables the digital input and output driver.

2. Write the

ADC Control/Status Register 1

to configure the ADC

Write the

REFSELH

bit of the pair {

REFSELH

REFSELL

} to select the internal

voltage reference level or to disable the internal reference. The

REFSELL

bit is

contained in the

ADC Control Register 0

3. Write to the

ADC Control Register 0

to configure the ADC for continuous

conversion. The bit fields in the ADC Control register may be written simultaneously:

Write to the ANAIN[3:0] field to select from the available analog input sources
(different input pins available depending on the device)

Set CONT to 1 to select continuous conversion.

If the internal VREF must be output to a pin, set the

REFEXT

bit to 1. The internal

voltage reference must be enabled in this case.

Write the

REFSELL

bit of the pair {

REFSELH,

REFSELL

} to select the internal

voltage reference level or to disable the internal reference. The

REFSELH

bit is

contained in

ADC Control/Status Register 1

Set CEN to 1 to start the conversions.

4. When the first conversion in continuous operation is complete (after 5129 system

clock cycles, plus the 40 cycles for power-up, if necessary), the ADC control logic
performs the following operations:

CEN

resets to 0 to indicate the first conversion is complete. CEN remains 0 for all

subsequent conversions in continuous operation.

An interrupt request is sent to the Interrupt Controller to indicate the conversion is
complete.

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5. The ADC writes a new data result every 256 system clock cycles. For each completed

conversion, the ADC control logic performs the following operations:

Writes the 11-bit two's complement result to {ADCD_H[7:0], ADCD_L[7:5]}.

An interrupt request to the Interrupt Controller denoting conversion complete.

6. To disable continuous conversion, clear the CONT bit in the ADC Control Register

to 0.

ADC Control Register Definitions

ADC Control Register 0

The ADC Control register selects the analog input channel and initiates the analog-to-dig-
ital conversion.

CEN--Conversion Enable
0 = Conversion is complete. Writing a 0 produces no effect. The ADC automatically clears
this bit to 0 when a conversion is complete.
1 = Begin conversion. Writing a 1 to this bit starts a conversion. If a conversion is already
in progress, the conversion restarts. This bit remains 1 until the conversion is complete.

REFSELL--Voltage Reference Level Select Low Bit; in conjunction with the High bit
(REFSELH) in

ADC Control/Status Register 1

, this determines the level of the internal

voltage reference; the following details the effects of {REFSELH, REFSELL}; note that
this reference is independent of the Comparator reference
00= Internal Reference Disabled, reference comes from external pin
01= Internal Reference set to 1.0 V
10= Internal Reference set to 2.0 V (default)
11= Internal Reference set to 2.2 V

REFEXT

External Reference Select

0 = External reference buffer is disabled; Vref pin is available for GPIO functions
1 = The internal ADC reference is buffered and connected to the Vref pin

CONT
0 = Single-shot conversion. ADC data is output once at completion of the 5129 system

Table 68. ADC Control Register 0 (ADCCTL0)

BITS

FIELD

CEN

REFSELL

REFEXT

CONT

ANAIN[3:0]

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F70H

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clock cycles
1 = Continuous conversion. ADC data updated every 256 system clock cycles

ANAIN[3:0]--Analog Input Select
These bits select the analog input for conversion. Not all Port pins in this list are available
in all packages for the 4K Series. Refer to the chapter

"Pin Description" on page 7

for

information regarding the Port pins available with each package style. Do not enable
unavailable analog inputs. Usage of these bits changes depending on the buffer mode
selected in

ADC Control/Status Register 1

For the reserved values, all input switches are disabled to avoid leakage or other undesir-
able operation. ADC samples taken with reserved bit settings are undefined.

Single-Ended:

0000 = ANA0
0001 = ANA1
0010 = ANA2
0011 = ANA3
0100 = ANA4
0101 = ANA5
0110 = ANA6
0111 = ANA7
1000 = Reserved
1001 = Reserved
1010 = Reserved
1011 = Reserved
1100 = Reserved.
1101 = Reserved
1110 = Reserved
1111 = Reserved

ADC Control/Status Register 1

The second ADC Control register configures the input buffer stage, enables the threshold
interrupts and contains the status of both threshold triggers.

Table 69. ADC Control/Status Register 1 (ADCCTL1)

BITS

FIELD

REFSELH

Reserved

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F71H

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REFSELH--Voltage Reference Level Select High Bit; in conjunction with the Low bit
(REFSELL) in

ADC Control Register 0

, this determines the level of the internal voltage

reference; the following details the effects of {REFSELH, REFSELL}; this reference is
independent of the Comparator reference

00= Internal Reference Disabled, reference comes from external pin
01= Internal Reference set to 1.0 V
10= Internal Reference set to 2.0 V (default)
11= Internal Reference set to 2.2 V

Reserved--Must be 0

ADC Data High Byte Register

The ADC Data High Byte register contains the upper eight bits of the ADC output. The
output is an 11-bit two's complement value. During a single-shot conversion, this value is
invalid. Access to the ADC Data High Byte register is read-only. Reading the ADC Data
High Byte register latches data in the ADC Low Bits register.

ADCDH--ADC Data High Byte
This byte contains the upper eight bits of the ADC output. These bits are not valid during a
single-shot conversion. During a continuous conversion, the most recent conversion out-
put is held in this register. These bits are undefined after a Reset.

ADC Data Low Bits Register

The ADC Data Low Byte register contains the lower bits of the ADC output as well as an
overflow status bit. The output is a 11-bit two's complement value. During a single-shot
conversion, this value is invalid. Access to the ADC Data Low Byte register is read-only.
Reading the ADC Data High Byte register latches data in the ADC Low Bits register.

Table 70. ADC Data High Byte Register (ADCD_H)

BITS

FIELD

ADCDH

RESET

R/W

ADDR

F72H

Table 71. ADC Data Low Bits Register (ADCD_L)

BITS

FIELD

ADCDL

Reserved

OVF

RESET

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Flash Memory

Overview

The products in the PartName features either 4KB (4096) or 2KB (2048 bytes) or 1KB
(1024) of non-volatile Flash memory with read/write/erase capability. The Flash Memory
can be programmed and erased in-circuit by either user code or through the On-Chip
Debugger.

The Flash memory array is arranged in pages with 512 bytes per page. The 512-byte page
is the minimum Flash block size that can be erased. Each page is divided into 8 rows of 64
bytes.

For program/data protection, the Flash memory is also divided into sectors. In the Part-
Name, these sectors are 512 bytes in size; each sector maps to a page. Page and sector
sizes are not equal for other members of the Z8 Encore!

family.

The first 2 bytes of the Flash Program memory are used as Flash Option Bits. Refer to the
chapter "Flash Option Bits" on page 126 for more information about their operation.

Table 72 describes the Flash memory configuration for each device in the PartName.
Figure 20 illustrates the Flash memory arrangement.

Table 72. 4K Series Flash Memory Configurations

Part Number

Flash Size

KB (Bytes)

Flash

Pages

Program Memory

Addresses

Flash Sector

Size (bytes)

Z8F04xA

4 (4096)

0000H0FFFH

512

Z8F02xA

2 (2048)

0000H07FFH

512

Z8F01xA

1 (1024)

0000H03FFH

512

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Figure 20.Flash Memory Arrangement

Flash Information Area

The Flash information area is separate from program memory and is mapped to the
address range

FE00H

FFFFH

. Not all of these addresses are user accessible. Factory trim

values for the Temperature Sensor and Internal Precision Oscillator are stored here. Fac-
tory calibration data for the ADC is also stored here.

4KB Flash

Program Memory

0000

8 Pages/Sectors

512 Bytes each

01FF

0200

0FFF

Addresses (hex)

03FF

0400

05FF

0600

07FF

0800

09FF

0A00

0BFF

0C00

0DFF

0E00

2KB Flash

Program Memory

0000

4 Pages/Sectors

Addresses (hex)

07FF

05FF

0600

03FF

0400

01FF

0200

1KB Flash

Program Memory

0000

Addresses (hex)

03FF

01FF

0200

2 Pages/Sectors

Sector 7

Sector 6

Sector 5

Sector 4

Sector 3

Sector 2

Sector 1

Sector 0

Sector 1

Sector 0

Sector 1

Sector 2

Sector 3

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Flash Operation Timing Using the Flash Frequency Registers

Before performing either a program or erase operation on Flash memory, the user must
first configure the Flash Frequency High and Low Byte registers. The Flash Frequency
registers allow programming and erasing of the Flash with system clock frequencies rang-
ing from 32KHz (32768Hz) through 5.53MHz.

The Flash Frequency High and Low Byte registers combine to form a 16-bit value,
FFREQ

, to control timing for Flash program and erase operations. The 16-bit binary Flash

Frequency value must contain the system clock frequency (in KHz). This value is calcu-
lated using the following equation:

Flash programming and erasure are not supported for system clock frequencies below
32KHz (32768Hz) or above 5.53MHz. The Flash Frequency High and Low Byte regis-
ters must be loaded with the correct value to ensure operation of the 4K Series devices.

Flash Code Protection Against External Access

The user code contained within the Flash memory can be protected against external access
with the On-Chip Debugger. Programming the FRP Flash Option Bit prevents reading of
the user code with the On-Chip Debugger. Refer to the chapter

"Flash Option Bits" on

page 126

and the chapter

"On-Chip Debugger" on page 131

for more information.

Flash Code Protection Against Accidental Program and Erasure

The 4K Series provides several levels of protection against accidental program and erasure
of the Flash memory contents. This protection is provided by a combination of the Flash
Option bits, the register locking mechanism, the page select redundancy and the sector
level protection control of the Flash Controller.

Flash Code Protection Using the Flash Option Bits

The FHSWP and FWP Flash Option Bits combine to provide three levels of Flash Program
Memory protection as listed in Table 73. Refer to the chapter

"Flash Option Bits" on page 126

for more information.

FFREQ[15:0]

System Clock Frequency (Hz)

1000

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Flash Code Protection Using the Flash Controller

At Reset, the Flash Controller locks to prevent accidental program or erasure of the Flash
memory. To program or erase the Flash memory, first write the Page Select Register with
the target page. Unlock the Flash Controller by making two consecutive writes to the
Flash Control register with the values

73H

and

8CH

, sequentially. The Page Select Register

must be rewritten with the same page previously stored there. If the two Page Select writes
do not match, the controller reverts to a locked state. If the two writes match, the selected
page becomes active. See Figure 21 for details.

After unlocking a specific page, the user can enable either Page Program or Erase. Writing
the value

95H

causes a Page Erase only if the active page resides in a sector that is not pro-

tected. Any other value written to the Flash Control register locks the Flash Controller.
Mass Erase is not allowed in the user code but only in through the Debug Port.

After unlocking a specific page, the user can also write to any byte on that page. After a
byte is written, the page remains unlocked, allowing for subsequent writes to other bytes
on the same page. Further writes to the Flash Control Register cause the active page to
revert to a locked state.

Sector Based Flash Protection

The final protection mechanism is implemented on a per-sector basis. The Flash memories
of Z8 Encore!

devices are divided into maximum number of 8 sectors. A sector is 1/8 of

the total size of the Flash memory, unless this value is smaller than the page size, in which
case the sector and page sizes are equal. On the 4K Series devices, the sector size is 512
bytes, equal to the page size.

The Sector Protect Register controls the protection state of each Flash sector. This register
is shared with the Page Select Register. It is accessed by unlocking the Flash controller
and writing the command byte

5EH

. The next write to the Page Select Register targets the

Sector Protect Register.

The Sector Protect Register is initialized to 0 on reset, putting each sector into an unpro-
tected state. When a bit in the Sector Protect Register is written to 1, the corresponding

Table 73. Flash Code Protection Using the Flash Option Bits

FHSWP

FWP

Flash Code Protection Description

Programming and erasing disabled for all of Flash Program
Memory. In user code programming, Page Erase, and Mass Erase
are all disabled. Mass Erase is available through the On-Chip
Debugger.

0 or 1

Programming, Page Erase, and Mass Erase are enabled for all of
Flash Program Memory.

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sector can no longer be written or erased. After a bit of the Sector Protect Register has
been set, it can not be cleared except by powering down the device.

Byte Programming

The Flash Memory is enabled for byte programming after unlocking the Flash Controller
and successfully enabling either Mass Erase or Page Erase. When the Flash Controller is
unlocked and Mass Erase is successfully enabled, all Program Memory locations are
available for byte programming. In contrast, when the Flash Controller is unlocked and
Page Erase is successfully enabled, only the locations of the selected page are available for
byte programming. An erased Flash byte contains all 1's (

). The programming opera-

tion can only be used to change bits from 1 to 0. To change a Flash bit (or multiple bits)
from 0 to 1 requires execution of either the Page Erase or Mass Erase commands.

Byte Programming can be accomplished using the On-Chip Debugger's Write Memory
command or eZ8 CPU execution of the LDC or LDCI instructions. Refer to the eZ8 CPU
User Manual (available for download at

www.zilog.com

)for a description of the LDC and

LDCI instructions. While the Flash Controller programs the Flash memory, the eZ8 CPU
idles but the system clock and on-chip peripherals continue to operate. To exit program-
ming mode and lock the Flash, write any value to the Flash Control register, except the
Mass Erase or Page Erase commands.

The byte at each address of the Flash memory cannot be programmed (any bits written
to 0) more than twice before an erase cycle occurs.

Page Erase

The Flash memory can be erased one page (512 bytes) at a time. Page Erasing the Flash
memory sets all bytes in that page to the value

FFH

. The Flash Page Select register identi-

fies the page to be erased. Only a page residing in an unprotected sector can be erased.
With the Flash Controller unlocked and the active page set, writing the value

95h

to the

Flash Control register initiates the Page Erase operation. While the Flash Controller exe-
cutes the Page Erase operation, the eZ8 CPU idles but the system clock and on-chip
peripherals continue to operate. The eZ8 CPU resumes operation after the Page Erase
operation completes. If the Page Erase operation is performed using the On-Chip Debug-
ger, poll the Flash Status register to determine when the Page Erase operation is complete.
When the Page Erase is complete, the Flash Controller returns to its locked state.

Mass Erase

The Flash memory can also be Mass Erased using the Flash Controller, but only by using
the On-Chip Debugger. Mass Erasing the Flash memory sets all bytes to the value

FFH

With the Flash Controller unlocked and the Mass Erase successfully enabled, writing the
value

63H

to the Flash Control register initiates the Mass Erase operation. While the Flash

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Controller executes the Mass Erase operation, the eZ8 CPU idles but the system clock and
on-chip peripherals continue to operate. Using the On-Chip Debugger, poll the Flash Sta-
tus register to determine when the Mass Erase operation is complete. When the Mass
Erase is complete, the Flash Controller returns to its locked state.

Flash Controller Bypass

The Flash Controller can be bypassed and the control signals for the Flash memory
brought out to the GPIO pins. Bypassing the Flash Controller allows faster Row Program-
ming algorithms by controlling the Flash programming signals directly.

Row programing is recommended for gang programming applications and large volume
customers who do not require in-circuit initial programming of the Flash memory. Mass
Erase and Page Erase operations are also supported when the Flash Controller is bypassed.

Please refer to the document entitled Third-Party Flash Programming Support for Z8
Encore!

for more information about bypassing the Flash Controller. This document is

available for download at

www.zilog.com

Flash Control Register Definitions

Flash Control Register

The Flash Controller must be unlocked using the Flash Control register before program-
ming or erasing the Flash memory. Writing the sequence

73H

8CH

, sequentially, to the

Flash Control register unlocks the Flash Controller. When the Flash Controller is
unlocked, the Flash memory can be enabled for Mass Erase or Page Erase by writing the
appropriate enable command to the FCTL. Page Erase applies only to the active page
selected in Flash Page Select register. Mass Erase is enabled only through the On-Chip
Debugger. Writing an invalid value or an invalid sequence returns the Flash Controller to
its locked state. The Write-only Flash Control Register shares its Register File address
with the read-only Flash Status Register

Table 74. Flash Control Register (FCTL)

BITS

FIELD

FCMD

RESET

R/W

ADDR

FF8H

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FCMD--Flash Command
73H = First unlock command.
8CH = Second unlock command.

95H = Page Erase command (must be third command in sequence to initiate Page Erase).
63H = Mass Erase command (must be third command in sequence to initiate Mass Erase).

5EH = Enable Flash Sector Protect Register Access

Flash Status Register

The Flash Status register indicates the current state of the Flash Controller. This register
can be read at any time. The read-only Flash Status Register shares its Register File
address with the Write-only Flash Control Register.

Reserved--Must be 0.

FSTAT--Flash Controller Status
000000 = Flash Controller locked.
000001 = First unlock command received (73H written).
000010 = Second unlock command received (8CH written).
000011 = Flash Controller unlocked.

000100 = Sector protect register selected.

001xxx = Program operation in progress.
010xxx = Page erase operation in progress.
100xxx = Mass erase operation in progress

Flash Page Select Register

The Flash Page Select register shares address space with the Flash Sector Protect Register.
Unless the Flash controller is unlocked and written with 5EH, writes to this address target
the Flash Page Select Register.

The register is used to select one of the 8 available Flash memory pages to be programmed
or erased. Each Flash Page contains 512 bytes of Flash memory. During a Page Erase

Table 75. Flash Status Register (FSTAT)

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

FSTAT

RESET

R/W

ADDR

FF8H

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operation, all Flash memory having addresses with the most significant 7-bits given by
FPS[6:0] are chosen for program/erase operation.

Reserved--Must be 0.

PAGE--Page Select
This 7-bit field identifies the Flash memory page for Page Erase and page unlocking.
Program Memory Address[15:9] = PAGE[6:0]. For the Z8F04xx and Z8F02xx devices,
the upper 4 bits must always be 0. For the Z8F01xx devices, the upper 5 bits must always
to 0.

Flash Sector Protect Register

The Flash Sector Protect register is shared with the Flash Page Select Register. When the

Flash Control Register

is unlocked and written with 5EH, the next write to this address tar-

gets the Flash Sector Protect Register. In all other cases, it targets the Flash Page Select
Register.

This register selects one of the 8 available Flash memory sectors to be protected. The reset
state of each Sector Protect bit is an unprotected state. After a sector is protected by setting
its corresponding register bit, it cannot be unprotected (the register bit cannot be cleared)
without powering down the device.

SPROT7-SPROT0--Sector Protection
Each bit corresponds to a 512 byte Flash sector. For the Z8F04xx devices all bits are used.
For the Z8F02xx devices, the upper 4 bits are unused. For the Z8F01xx devices, the upper
6 bits are unused.

Table 76. Flash Page Select Register (FPS)

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

PAGE

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FF9H

Table 77. Flash Sector Protect Register (FPROT)

BITS

FIELD

SPROT7

SPROT6

SPROT5

SPROT4

SPROT3

SPROT2

SPROT1

SPROT0

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FF9H

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Flash Frequency High and Low Byte Registers

The Flash Frequency High and Low Byte registers combine to form a 16-bit value,
FFREQ, to control timing for Flash program and erase operations. The 16-bit binary Flash
Frequency value must contain the system clock frequency (in KHz) and is calculated using
the following equation:.

Flash programming and erasure is not supported for system clock frequencies below
20KHz or above 5.53MHz. The Flash Frequency High and Low Byte registers must be
loaded with the correct value to ensure proper operation of the device.

FFREQH--Flash Frequency High Byte
High byte of the 16-bit Flash Frequency value.

FFREQL--Flash Frequency Low Byte
Low byte of the 16-bit Flash Frequency value.

Table 78. Flash Frequency High Byte Register (FFREQH)

BITS

FIELD

FFREQH

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FFAH

Table 79. Flash Frequency Low Byte Register (FFREQL)

BITS

FIELD

FFREQL

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FFBH

FFREQ[15:0]

FFREQH[7:0],FFREQL[7:0]

{

}

System Clock Frequency

1000

---------------------------------------------------------------

Caution:

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Flash Option Bits

Overview

Programmable Flash Option Bits allow user configuration of certain aspects of 4K Series
operation. The feature configuration data is stored in the Flash Program Memory and read
during Reset. The features available for control through the Flash Option Bits are:

Watch-Dog Timer time-out response selectioninterrupt or system reset

Watch-Dog Timer enabled at Reset

The ability to prevent unwanted read access to user code in Program Memory

The ability to prevent accidental programming and erasure of all or a portion of the user
code in Program Memory

Voltage Brown-Out configuration-always enabled or disabled during STOP mode to re-
duce STOP mode power consumption

Factory trimming information for the Internal Precision Oscillator and Temperature Sen-
sor

Factory calibration values for ADC compensation

Operation

Option Bit Configuration By Reset

Each time the Flash Option Bits are programmed or erased, the device must be Reset for
the change to take effect. During any reset operation (System Reset or STOP Mode
Recovery), the Flash Option Bits are automatically read from the Flash Program Memory
and written to Option Configuration registers. The Option Configuration registers control
operation of the devices within the 4K Series. Option Bit control is established before the
device exits Reset and the eZ8 CPU begins code execution. The Option Configuration reg-
isters are not part of the Register File and are not accessible for read or write access.

Option Bit Types

User Option Bits

The user option bits are contained in the first two bytes of program memory. User access
to these bits has been provided because these locations contain application-specific device

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configurations. The information contained here is lost when page 0 of the program mem-
ory is erased.

Trim Option Bits

The trim option bits are contained in the information page of the Flash memory. These bits
are factory programmed values required to optimize the operation of onboard analog cir-
cuitry and cannot be permanently altered by the user. Program memory may be erased
without endangering these values. It is possible to alter working values of these bits by
accessing the Trim Bit Address and Data Registers, but these working values are lost after
a power loss.

There are 32 bytes of trim data. To modify one of these values the user code must first
write a value between

00H

and

1FH

into the Trim Bit Address Register. The next write to

the Trim Bit Data register changes the working value of the target trim data byte.

Reading the trim data requires the user code to write a value between

00H

and

1FH

into the

Trim Bit Address Register. The next read from the Trim Bit Data register returns the work-
ing value of the target trim data byte.

Flash Option Bit Control Register Definitions

Trim Bit Address Register

This register contains the target address for an access to the trim option bits.

Trim Bit Data Register

This register contains the read or write data for access to the trim option bits.

Table 80. Trim Bit Address Register (TRMADR)

BITS

FIELD

TRMADR - Trim Bit Address (00H to 1FH)

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FF6H

Table 81. Trim Bit Data Register (TRMDR)

BITS

FIELD

TRMDR - Trim Bit Data

RESET

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Flash Option Bit Address Space

The first two bytes of Flash Program Memory at addresses

0000H

and

0001H

are reserved

for the user-programmable Flash Option Bits.

Flash Program Memory Address 0000H

WDT_RES--Watch-Dog Timer Reset
0 = Watch-Dog Timer time-out generates an interrupt request. Interrupts must be globally
enabled for the eZ8 CPU to acknowledge the interrupt request.
1 = Watch-Dog Timer time-out causes a system reset. This setting is the default for unpro-
grammed (erased) Flash.

WDT_AO--Watch-Dog Timer Always On
0 = Watch-Dog Timer is automatically enabled upon application of system power. Watch-
Dog Timer can not be disabled.
1 = Watch-Dog Timer is enabled upon execution of the WDT instruction. Once enabled,
the Watch-Dog Timer can only be disabled by a Reset or STOP Mode Recovery. This set-
ting is the default for unprogrammed (erased) Flash.

VBO_AO--Voltage Brown-Out Protection Always On
0 = Voltage Brown-Out Protection is disabled in STOP mode to reduce total power con-
sumption.
1 = Voltage Brown-Out Protection is always enabled including during STOP mode. This
setting is the default for unprogrammed (erased) Flash.

FRP--Flash Read Protect
0 = User program code is inaccessible. Limited control features are available through the
On-Chip Debugger.

R/W

R/W

ADDR

FF7H

Table 82. Flash Option Bits at Program Memory Address 0000H

BITS

FIELD

WDT_RES WDT_AO

Reserved

VBO_AO

FRP

Reserved

FWP

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

Program Memory 0000H

Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write.

Table 81. Trim Bit Data Register (TRMDR)

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1 = User program code is accessible. All On-Chip Debugger commands are enabled. This
setting is the default for unprogrammed (erased) Flash.

Reserved--Must be 1.

FWP--Flash Write Protect
This Option Bit provides Flash Program Memory protection:
0 = Programming and erasure disabled for all of Flash Program Memory. Programming,
Page Erase, and Mass Erase through User Code is disabled. Mass Erase is available using
the On-Chip Debugger.
1 = Programming, Page Erase, and Mass Erase are enabled for all of Flash Program Mem-
ory.

Flash Program Memory Address 0001H

Reserved--Must be 1.

Trim Bit Address Space

Trim Bit Address 0000H - Reserved

Trim Bit Address 0001H - Reserved

Trim Bit Address 0002H

Table 83. Flash Options Bits at Program Memory Address 0001H

BITS

FIELD

Reserved

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

Program Memory 0001H

Note: U = Unchanged by Reset. R/W = Read/Write.

Table 84. Trim Option Bits at 0002H (TIPO)

BITS

FIELD

IPO_TRIM

RESET

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On-Chip Debugger

Overview

The Z8 Encore!

4K Series devices contain an integrated On-Chip Debugger (OCD) that

provides advanced debugging features including:

Reading and writing of the Register File

Reading and writing of Program and Data Memory

Setting of Breakpoints and Watchpoints

Executing eZ8 CPU instructions

Architecture

The On-Chip Debugger consists of four primary functional blocks: transmitter, receiver,
auto-baud detector/generator, and debug controller. Figure 22 illustrates the architecture of
the On-Chip Debugger

Figure 22.On-Chip Debugger Block Diagram

Auto-Baud

System Clock

Transmitter

Receiver

DBG Pin

Debug Controller

8 CPU Control

Detector/Generator

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Operation

OCD Interface

The On-Chip Debugger uses the DBG pin for communication with an external host. This
one-pin interface is a bi-directional open-drain interface that transmits and receives data.
Data transmission is half-duplex, in that transmit and receive cannot occur simultaneously.
The serial data on the DBG pin is sent using the standard asynchronous data format
defined in RS-232. This pin creates an interface from the PartName products to the serial
port of a host PC using minimal external hardware.Two different methods for connecting
the DBG pin to an RS-232 interface are depicted in Figures 23 and 24 . The recommended
method is the buffered implementation depicted in Figure 24 . The DBG pin must always
be connected to V

through an external pull-up resistor.

For operation of the On-Chip Debugger, all power pins (V

and AV

)

must be supplied with power, and all ground pins (V

and AV

) must be

properly grounded.
The

DBG

pin is open-drain and must always be connected to V

through

an external pull-up resistor to insure proper operation.

Figure 23.Interfacing the On-Chip Debugger's DBG Pin with an RS-232 Interface (1)

Caution:

RS-232 TX

RS-232 RX

RS-232

Transceiver

VDD

DBG Pin

10KOhm

Schottky

Diode

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Figure 24.Interfacing the On-Chip Debugger's DBG Pin with an RS-232 Interface (2)

DEBUG Mode

The operating characteristics of the devices in DEBUG mode are:

The eZ8 CPU fetch unit stops, idling the eZ8 CPU, unless directed by the OCD to execute
specific instructions

The system clock operates unless in STOP mode

All enabled on-chip peripherals operate unless in STOP mode

Automatically exits HALT mode

Constantly refreshes the Watch-Dog Timer, if enabled

Entering DEBUG Mode

The device enters DEBUG mode after the eZ8 CPU executes a BRK (Breakpoint) instruc-
tion.

If the DBG pin is held Low during the most recent clock cycle of system reset, the part
enters DEBUG mode upon exiting system reset.

Exiting DEBUG Mode

The device exits DEBUG mode following any of these operations:

Clearing the DBGMODE bit in the OCD Control Register to 0.

Power-on reset

Voltage Brown-Out reset

Watch-Dog Timer reset

RS-232 TX

RS-232 RX

RS-232

Transceiver

VDD

DBG Pin

10KOhm

Open-Drain

Buffer

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Asserting the RESET pin Low to initiate a Reset.

Driving the DBG pin Low while the device is in STOP mode initiates a System Reset.

OCD Data Format

The OCD interface uses the asynchronous data format defined for RS-232. Each character
is transmitted as 1 Start bit, 8 data bits (least-significant bit first), and 1.5 Stop bits
(Figure 25)

Figure 25.OCD Data Format

OCD Auto-Baud Detector/Generator

To run over a range of baud rates (data bits per second) with various system clock frequen-
cies, the On-Chip Debugger contains an Auto-Baud Detector/Generator. After a reset, the
OCD is idle until it receives data. The OCD requires that the first character sent from the
host is the character

80H

. The character

80H

has eight continuous bits Low (one Start bit

plus 7 data bits), framed between High bits. The Auto-Baud Detector measures this period
and sets the OCD Baud Rate Generator accordingly.

The Auto-Baud Detector/Generator is clocked by the system clock. The minimum baud
rate is the system clock frequency divided by 512. For optimal operation with asynchro-
nous datastreams, the maximum recommended baud rate is the system clock frequency
divided by 8. The maximum possible baud rate for asynchronous datastreams is the sys-
tem clock frequency divided by 4, but this theoretical maximum is possible only for low
noise designs with clean signals. Table 85 lists minimum and recommended maximum
baud rates for IPO frequencies.

If the OCD receives a Serial Break (nine or more continuous bits Low) the Auto-Baud
Detector/Generator resets. Reconfigure the Auto-Baud Detector/Generator by sending

80H

Table 85. OCD Baud-Rate Limits

System Clock

Frequency

(MHz)

Recommended

Maximum Baud

Rate (Kbps)

Recommended

Standard PC

Baud Rate (bps)

Minimum Baud

Rate (Kbps)

5.5296

1382.4

691,200

1.08

0.032768 (32KHz)

4.096

2400

0.064

START

STOP

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OCD Serial Errors

The On-Chip Debugger can detect any of the following error conditions on the DBG pin:

Serial Break (a minimum of nine continuous bits Low)

Framing Error (received

Stop

bit is Low)

Transmit Collision (OCD and host simultaneous transmission detected by the OCD)

When the OCD detects one of these errors, it aborts any command currently in progress,
transmits a four character long Serial Break back to the host, and resets the Auto-Baud
Detector/Generator. A Framing Error or Transmit Collision may be caused by the host
sending a Serial Break to the OCD. Because of the open-drain nature of the interface,
returning a Serial Break break back to the host only extends the length of the Serial Break
if the host releases the Serial Break early.

The host transmits a Serial Break on the

DBG

pin when first connecting to the 4K Series

devices or when recovering from an error. A Serial Break from the host resets the Auto-
Baud Generator/Detector but does not reset the OCD Control register. A Serial Break
leaves the device in DEBUG mode if that is the current mode. The OCD is held in Reset
until the end of the Serial Break when the DBG pin returns High. Because of the open-
drain nature of the DBG pin, the host can send a Serial Break to the OCD even if the OCD
is transmitting a character.

Breakpoints

Execution Breakpoints are generated using the BRK instruction (opcode

00H

). When the

eZ8 CPU decodes a BRK instruction, it signals the On-Chip Debugger. If Breakpoints are
enabled, the OCD enters DEBUG mode and idles the eZ8 CPU. If Breakpoints are not
enabled, the OCD ignores the BRK signal and the

BRK

instruction operates as an NOP

instruction.

Breakpoints in Flash Memory

The

BRK

instruction is opcode

00H

, which corresponds to the fully programmed state of a

byte in Flash memory. To implement a Breakpoint, write

00H

to the required break

address, overwriting the current instruction. To remove a Breakpoint, the corresponding
page of Flash memory must be erased and reprogrammed with the original data.

Runtime Counter

The On-Chip Debugger contains a 16-bit Runtime Counter. It counts system clock cycles
between Breakpoints. The counter starts counting when the On-Chip Debugger leaves
DEBUG mode and stops counting when it enters DEBUG mode again or when it reaches
the maximum count of

FFFFH

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On-Chip Debugger Commands

The host communicates to the On-Chip Debugger by sending OCD commands using the
DBG interface. During normal operation, only a subset of the OCD commands are avail-
able. In DEBUG mode, all OCD commands become available unless the user code and
control registers are protected by programming the Flash Read Protect Option bit (

FRP

The Flash Read Protect Option bit prevents the code in memory from being read out of the
4K Series products. When this option is enabled, several of the OCD commands are dis-
abled. Table 86 on page 141 is a summary of the On-Chip Debugger commands. Each
OCD command is described in further detail in the bulleted list following this table.
Table 86 also indicates those commands that operate when the device is not in DEBUG
mode (normal operation) and those commands that are disabled by programming the Flash
Read Protect Option bit.

Debug Command

Command

Byte

Enabled when

NOT in DEBUG

mode?

Disabled by

Flash Read Protect Option Bit

Read OCD Revision

00H

Yes

Reserved

01H

Read OCD Status Register

02H

Yes

Read Runtime Counter

03H

Write OCD Control Register

04H

Yes

Cannot clear DBGMODE bit

Read OCD Control Register

05H

Yes

Write Program Counter

06H

Disabled

Read Program Counter

07H

Disabled

Write Register

08H

Only writes of the Flash Memory Control

registers are allowed. Additionally, only

the Mass Erase command is allowed to

be written to the Flash Control register.

Read Register

09H

Disabled

Write Program Memory

0AH

Disabled

Read Program Memory

0BH

Disabled

Write Data Memory

0CH

Yes

Read Data Memory

0DH

Read Program Memory CRC

0EH

Reserved

0FH

Step Instruction

10H

Disabled

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In the following bulleted list of OCD Commands, data and commands sent from the host
to the On-Chip Debugger are identified by '

DBG

Command/Data

'. Data sent from the

On-Chip Debugger back to the host is identified by '

DBG

Data

Read OCD Revision (00H)--The Read OCD Revision command determines the ver-
sion of the On-Chip Debugger. If OCD commands are added, removed, or changed, this
revision number changes.

DBG

00H

DBG

OCDRev[15:8] (Major revision number)

DBG

OCDRev[7:0] (Minor revision number)

Read OCD Status Register (02H)--The Read OCD Status Register command reads the
OCDSTAT register.

DBG

02H

DBG

OCDSTAT[7:0]

Read Runtime Counter (03H)--The Runtime Counter counts system clock cycles in
between Breakpoints. The 16-bit Runtime Counter counts up from

0000H

and stops at the

maximum count of

FFFFH

. The Runtime Counter is overwritten during the Write Memo-

ry, Read Memory, Write Register, Read Register, Read Memory CRC, Step Instruction,
Stuff Instruction, and Execute Instruction commands.

DBG

03H

DBG

RuntimeCounter[15:8]

DBG

RuntimeCounter[7:0]

Write OCD Control Register (04H)--The Write OCD Control Register command
writes the data that follows to the OCDCTL register. When the Flash Read Protect Option
Bit is enabled, the DBGMODE bit (

OCDCTL

[7]) can only be set to 1, it cannot be cleared

to 0 and the only method of returning the device to normal operating mode is to reset the
device.

DBG

04H

DBG

OCDCTL[7:0]

Read OCD Control Register (05H)--The Read OCD Control Register command reads
the value of the OCDCTL register.

Stuff Instruction

11H

Disabled

Execute Instruction

12H

Disabled

Reserved

13HFFH

Debug Command

Command

Byte

Enabled when

NOT in DEBUG

mode?

Disabled by

Flash Read Protect Option Bit

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DBG

05H

DBG

OCDCTL[7:0]

Write Program Counter (06H)--The Write Program Counter command writes the data
that follows to the eZ8 CPU's Program Counter (PC). If the device is not in DEBUG mode
or if the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, the Program Counter (PC) values are
discarded.

DBG

06H

DBG

ProgramCounter[15:8]

DBG

ProgramCounter[7:0]

Read Program Counter (07H)--The Read Program Counter command reads the value
in the eZ8 CPU's Program Counter (PC). If the device is not in DEBUG mode or if the
Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, this command returns

FFFFH

DBG

07H

DBG

ProgramCounter[15:8]

DBG

ProgramCounter[7:0]

Write Register (08H)--The Write Register command writes data to the Register File.
Data can be written 1256 bytes at a time (256 bytes can be written by setting size to 0). If
the device is not in DEBUG mode, the address and data values are discarded. If the Flash
Read Protect Option

bit is enabled, only writes to the Flash Control Registers are allowed

and all other register write data values are discarded.

DBG

08H

DBG

{4'h0,Register Address[11:8]}

DBG

Size[7:0]

DBG

1-256 data bytes

Read Register (09H)--The Read Register command reads data from the Register File.
Data can be read 1256 bytes at a time (256 bytes can be read by setting size to 0). If the
device is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, this com-
mand returns

FFH

for all the data values.

DBG

09H

DBG

{4'h0,Register Address[11:8]

DBG

Size[7:0]

DBG

1-256 data bytes

Write Program Memory (0AH)--The Write Program Memory command writes data
to Program Memory. This command is equivalent to the LDC and LDCI instructions. Data
can be written 165536 bytes at a time (65536 bytes can be written by setting size to 0).
The on-chip Flash Controller must be written to and unlocked for the programming oper-
ation to occur. If the Flash Controller is not unlocked, the data is discarded. If the device

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is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, the data is dis-
carded.

DBG

0AH

DBG

Program Memory Address[15:8]

DBG

Program Memory Address[7:0]

DBG

Size[15:8]

DBG

Size[7:0]

DBG

1-65536 data bytes

Read Program Memory (0BH)--The Read Program Memory command reads data
from Program Memory. This command is equivalent to the LDC and LDCI instructions.
Data can be read 165536 bytes at a time (65536 bytes can be read by setting size to 0). If
the device is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option Bit is enabled, this
command returns

FFH

for the data.

DBG

0BH

DBG

Program Memory Address[15:8]

DBG

Program Memory Address[7:0]

DBG

Size[15:8]

DBG

Size[7:0]

DBG

1-65536 data bytes

Write Data Memory (0CH)--The Write Data Memory command writes data to Data
Memory. This command is equivalent to the LDE and LDEI instructions. Data can be writ-
ten 165536 bytes at a time (65536 bytes can be written by setting size to 0). If the device
is not in DEBUG mode or if the Flash Read Protect Option Bit is enabled, the data is dis-
carded.

DBG

0CH

DBG

Data Memory Address[15:8]

DBG

Data Memory Address[7:0]

DBG

Size[15:8]

DBG

Size[7:0]

DBG

1-65536 data bytes

Read Data Memory (0DH)--The Read Data Memory command reads from Data Mem-
ory. This command is equivalent to the LDE and LDEI instructions. Data can be read 1 to
65536 bytes at a time (65536 bytes can be read by setting size to 0). If the device is not in
DEBUG mode, this command returns

FFH

for the data.

DBG

0DH

DBG

Data Memory Address[15:8]

DBG

Data Memory Address[7:0]

DBG

Size[15:8]

DBG

Size[7:0]

DBG

1-65536 data bytes

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Read Program Memory CRC (0EH)--The Read Program Memory CRC command
computes and returns the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) of Program Memory using the
16-bit CRC-CCITT polynomial. If the device is not in DEBUG mode, this command re-
turns

FFFFH

for the CRC value. Unlike most other OCD Read commands, there is a delay

from issuing of the command until the OCD returns the data. The OCD reads the Program
Memory, calculates the CRC value, and returns the result. The delay is a function of the
Program Memory size and is approximately equal to the system clock period multiplied
by the number of bytes in the Program Memory.

DBG

0EH

DBG

CRC[15:8]

DBG

CRC[7:0]

Step Instruction (10H)--The Step Instruction command steps one assembly instruction
at the current Program Counter (PC) location. If the device is not in DEBUG mode or the
Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, the OCD ignores this command.

DBG

10H

Stuff Instruction (11H)--The Stuff Instruction command steps one assembly instruction
and allows specification of the first byte of the instruction. The remaining 0-4 bytes of the
instruction are read from Program Memory. This command is useful for stepping over in-
structions where the first byte of the instruction has been overwritten by a Breakpoint. If
the device is not in DEBUG mode or the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, the
OCD ignores this command.

DBG

11H

DBG

opcode[7:0]

Execute Instruction (12H)--The Execute Instruction command allows sending an en-
tire instruction to be executed to the eZ8 CPU. This command can also step over Break-
points. The number of bytes to send for the instruction depends on the opcode. If the device
is not in DEBUG mode or the Flash Read Protect Option bit is enabled, this command
reads and discards one byte.

DBG

12H

DBG

1-5 byte opcode

On-Chip Debugger Control Register Definitions

OCD Control Register

The OCD Control register controls the state of the On-Chip Debugger. This register is
used to enter or exit DEBUG mode and to enable the

BRK

instruction. It can also reset the

4K Series device.

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A reset and stop function can be achieved by writing

81H

to this register. A reset

and

function can be achieved by writing

41H

to this register. If the device is in DEBUG mode,

a run function can be implemented by writing

40H

to this register.

DBGMODE--Debug Mode
The device enters DEBUG mode when this bit is 1. When in DEBUG mode, the eZ8 CPU
stops fetching new instructions. Clearing this bit causes the eZ8 CPU to restart. This bit is
automatically set when a BRK instruction is decoded and Breakpoints are enabled. If the
Flash Read Protect Option Bit is enabled, this bit can only be cleared by resetting the
device. It cannot be written to 0.
0 = The 4K Series device is operating in NORMAL mode.
1 = The 4K Series device is in DEBUG mode.

BRKEN--Breakpoint Enable
This bit controls the behavior of the

BRK

instruction (opcode

00H

). By default, Break-

points are disabled and the

BRK

instruction behaves similar to an NOP instruction. If this

bit is 1, when a

BRK

instruction is decoded, the

DBGMODE

bit of the OCDCTL register is

automatically set to 1.
0 = Breakpoints are disabled.
1 = Breakpoints are enabled.

DBGACK--Debug Acknowledge
This bit enables the debug acknowledge feature. If this bit is set to 1, the OCD sends a
Debug Acknowledge character (

FFH

) to the host when a Breakpoint occurs.

0 = Debug Acknowledge is disabled.
1 = Debug Acknowledge is enabled.

Reserved--Must be 0.

RST--Reset
Setting this bit to 1 resets the Z8F04xA family device. The device goes through a normal
Power-On Reset sequence with the exception that the On-Chip Debugger is not reset. This
bit is automatically cleared to 0 at the end of reset.
0 = No effect.
1 = Reset the Flash Read Protect Option Bit device.

Table 86. OCD Control Register (OCDCTL)

BITS

FIELD

DBGMODE BRKEN DBGACK

Reserved

RST

RESET

R/W

R/W

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Oscillator Control

Overview

The PartName devices uses three possible clocking schemes, each user-selectable:

On-chip precision trimmed RC oscillator

External clock drive

On-chip low precision Watch-Dog Timer oscillator

Operation

This chapter discusses the logic used to select the system clock. A description of the spe-
cific operation of each oscillator is outlined elsewhere in this document. The detailed
description of the Watch-Dog Timer Oscillator starts on page 79 and the Internal Precision
Oscillator description begins on page 146.

System Clock Selection

The oscillator control block selects from the available clocks. Table 88 details each clock
source and its usage.

Table 88. Oscillator Configuration and Selection

Clock Source

Characteristics

Required Setup

Internal Precision
RC Oscillator

· 32.8KHz or 5.53MHz
· ± 4% accuracy when trimmed
· No external components required

· Unlock and write Oscillator Control

External Clock
Drive

· 0 to 5.53MHz
· Accuracy dependent on external clock

source

· Write GPIO registers to configure PB3

pin for external clock function

· Unlock and write OSCCTL to select

external system clock

· Apply external clock signal to GPIO

Internal Watchdog
Timer Oscillator

· 32KHz nominal
· ± 40% accuracy; no external

components required

· Low power consumption

· Enable WDT if not enabled and wait

until WDT Oscillator is operating.

· Unlock and write Oscillator Control

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Unintentional accesses to the oscillator control register can actually stop the chip by
switching to a non-functioning oscillator. To prevent this condition, the oscillator con-
trol block employs a register unlocking/locking scheme.

OSC Control Register Unlocking/Locking

To write the oscillator control register, unlock it by making two writes to the OSCCTL
register with the values

E7H

followed by

18H

. A third write to the OSCCTL register

changes the value of the actual register and returns the register to a locked state. Any other
sequence of oscillator control register writes has no effect. The values written to unlock
the register must be ordered correctly, but are not necessarily consecutive. It is possible to
write to or read from other registers within the unlocking/locking operation.

The internal precision oscillator is enabled by default. If the user code changes to a differ-
ent oscillator, it may be appropriate to disable the IPO for power savings. Disabling the
IPO does not occur automatically.

Oscillator Control Register Definitions

Oscillator Control Register

The Oscillator Control Register (OSCCTL) enables/disables the various oscillator circuits
and selects the primary oscillator, which becomes the system clock.

The Oscillator Control Register must be unlocked before writing. Writing the two step
sequence

E7H

followed by

18H

to the Oscillator Control Register unlocks it. The register

is locked at successful completion of a register write to the OSCCTL.

INTEN--Internal Precision Oscillator Enable
1 = Internal precision oscillator is enabled
0 = Internal precision oscillator is disabled

WDTEN--Watchdog Timer Oscillator Enable
1 = Watch-Dog Timer oscillator is enabled
0 = Watch-Dog Timer oscillator is disabled

Table 89. Oscillator Control Register (OSCCTL)

BITS

FIELD

INTEN

Reserved

WDTEN

Reserved Reserved

SCKSEL

RESET

R/W

R/W

ADDR

F86H

Caution:

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Internal Precision Oscillator

Overview

The Internal Precision Oscillator (IPO) is designed for use without external components.
The user can either manually trim the oscillator for a non-standard frequency or use the
automatic factory-trimmed version to achieve a 5.53MHz frequency with ±4% accuracy
over the operating temperature and supply voltage range of the device. IPO features
include:

On-chip RC oscillator that does not require external components

Output frequency of either 5.53MHz or 32.8KHz (contains both a fast and a slow mode)

Trimming possible through Flash option bits with user override

Operation

The internal oscillator is an RC relaxation oscillator that has had its sensitivity to power
supply variation minimized. By using ratio tracking thresholds, the effect of power supply
voltage is cancelled out. The dominant source of oscillator error is the absolute variance of
chip level fabricated components, such as capacitors. An 8-bit trimming register, incorpo-
rated into the design, compensates for absolute variation of oscillator frequency. Once
trimmed the oscillator frequency is relatively stable and does not require subsequent cali-
bration. Trimming was performed during manufacturing and is not necessary for the user
to repeat unless a frequency other than 5.53MHz (fast mode) or 32.8kHz (slow mode) is
required.

Power down this block for minimum system power.

By default, the oscillator is configured through the Flash Option bits. However, the user
code can override these trim values as described in

"Trim Bit Address Space" on page 129

Select one of two frequencies for the oscillator: 5.53MHz and 32.8KHz, using the OSC-
SEL bits in the "Oscillator Control" on page 143.

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eZ8 CPU Instruction Set

Assembly Language Programming Introduction

The eZ8 CPU assembly language provides a means for writing an application program
without concern for actual memory addresses or machine instruction formats. A program
written in assembly language is called a source program. Assembly language allows the
use of symbolic addresses to identify memory locations. It also allows mnemonic codes
(opcodes and operands) to represent the instructions themselves. The opcodes identify the
instruction while the operands represent memory locations, registers, or immediate data
values.

Each assembly language program consists of a series of symbolic commands called state-
ments. Each statement can contain labels, operations, operands and comments.

Labels can be assigned to a particular instruction step in a source program. The label iden-
tifies that step in the program as an entry point for use by other instructions.

The assembly language also includes assembler directives that supplement the machine
instruction. The assembler directives, or pseudo-ops, are not translated into a machine
instruction. Rather, the pseudo-ops are interpreted as directives that control or assist the
assembly process.

The source program is processed (assembled) by the assembler to obtain a machine lan-
guage program called the object code. The object code is executed by the eZ8 CPU. An
example segment of an assembly language program is detailed in the following example.

Assembly Language Source Program Example

JP START

; Everything after the semicolon is a comment.

START:

; A label called "START". The first instruction (

JP START

) in this

; example causes program execution to jump to the point within the
; program where the

START

label occurs.

LD R4, R7

; A Load (LD) instruction with two operands. The first operand,
; Working Register R4, is the destination. The second operand,
; Working Register R7, is the source. The contents of R7 is
; written into R4.

LD 234H, #%01

; Another Load (LD) instruction with two operands.
; The first operand, Extended Mode Register Address

234H

; identifies the destination. The second operand, Immediate Data

; value

01H

, is the source. The value

01H

is written into the

; Register at address

234H

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Assembly Language Syntax

For proper instruction execution, eZ8 CPU assembly language syntax requires that the
operands be written as `destination, source'. After assembly, the object code usually has
the operands in the order 'source, destination', but ordering is opcode-dependent. The fol-
lowing instruction examples illustrate the format of some basic assembly instructions and
the resulting object code produced by the assembler. This binary format must be followed
by users that prefer manual program coding or intend to implement their own assembler.

Example 1: If the contents of Registers 43H and 08H are added and the result is stored in
43H, the assembly syntax and resulting object code is:

Example 2: In general, when an instruction format requires an 8-bit register address, that
address can specify any register location in the range 0255 or, using Escaped Mode
Addressing, a Working Register R0R15. If the contents of Register 43H and Working
Register R8 are added and the result is stored in 43H, the assembly syntax and resulting
object code is:

See the device-specific Product Specification to determine the exact register file range
available. The register file size varies, depending on the device type.

eZ8 CPU Instruction Notation

In the eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary and Description sections, the operands, condition
codes, status flags, and address modes are represented by a notational shorthand that is
described in Table 92

Table 90. Assembly Language Syntax Example 1

Assembly Language Code ADD

43H,

08H

(ADD dst, src)

Object Code

(OPC src, dst)

Table 91. Assembly Language Syntax Example 2

Assembly Language Code ADD

43H,

(ADD dst, src)

Object Code

(OPC src, dst)

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Table 93 contains additional symbols that are used throughout the Instruction Summary
and Instruction Set Description sections.

Table 92. Notational Shorthand

Notation Description

Operand Range

Bit

b represents a value from 0 to 7 (000B to 111B).

Condition Code

See Condition Codes overview in the eZ8 CPU
User Manual.

Direct Address

Addrs

Addrs. represents a number in the range of
0000H to FFFFH

Extended Addressing Register

Reg

Reg. represents a number in the range of 000H to
FFFH

Immediate Data

#Data

Data is a number between 00H to FFH

Indirect Working Register

@Rn

n = 0 15

Indirect Register

@Reg

Reg. represents a number in the range of 00H to
FFH

Irr

Indirect Working Register Pair

@RRp

p = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14

IRR

Indirect Register Pair

@Reg

Reg. represents an even number in the range
00H to FEH

Polarity

Polarity is a single bit binary value of either 0B or
1B.

Working Register

n = 0 15

Reg

Reg. represents a number in the range of 00H to
FFH

Relative Address

X represents an index in the range of +127 to
128 which is an offset relative to the address of
the next instruction

Working Register Pair

RRp

p = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14

Reg

Reg. represents an even number in the range of
00H to FEH

Vector

Vector Address

Vector

Vector represents a number in the range of 00H
to FFH

Indexed

#Index

The register or register pair to be indexed is offset
by the signed Index value (#Index) in a +127 to
-128 range.

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Assignment of a value is indicated by an arrow. For example,

dst

dst + src

indicates the source data is added to the destination data and the result is stored in the des-
tination location.

eZ8 CPU Instruction Classes

eZ8 CPU instructions can be divided functionally into the following groups:

Arithmetic

Bit Manipulation

Block Transfer

CPU Control

Load

Logical

Program Control

Rotate and Shift

Table 93. Additional Symbols

Symbol

Definition

dst

Destination Operand

src

Source Operand

Indirect Address Prefix

Stack Pointer

Program Counter

FLAGS

Flags Register

Immediate Operand Prefix

Binary Number Suffix

Hexadecimal Number
Prefix

Hexadecimal Number
Suffix

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Tables 94 through 101 contain the instructions belonging to each group and the number of
operands required for each instruction. Some instructions appear in more than one table as
these instruction can be considered as a subset of more than one category. Within these
tables, the source operand is identified as 'src', the destination operand is 'dst' and a con-
dition code is 'cc'.

Table 94. Arithmetic Instructions

Mnemonic

Operands

Instruction

ADC

dst, src

Add with Carry

ADCX

dst, src

Add with Carry using Extended Addressing

ADD

dst, src

Add

ADDX

dst, src

Add using Extended Addressing

dst, src

Compare

CPC

dst, src

Compare with Carry

CPCX

dst, src

Compare with Carry using Extended Addressing

CPX

dst, src

Compare using Extended Addressing

dst

Decimal Adjust

DEC

dst

Decrement

DECW

dst

Decrement Word

INC

dst

Increment

INCW

dst

Increment Word

MULT

dst

Multiply

SBC

dst, src

Subtract with Carry

SBCX

dst, src

Subtract with Carry using Extended Addressing

SUB

dst, src

Subtract

SUBX

dst, src

Subtract using Extended Addressing

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Table 95. Bit Manipulation Instructions

Mnemonic

Operands Instruction

BCLR

bit, dst

Bit Clear

BIT

p, bit, dst

Bit Set or Clear

BSET

bit, dst

Bit Set

BSWAP

dst

Bit Swap

CCF

Complement Carry Flag

RCF

Reset Carry Flag

SCF

Set Carry Flag

TCM

dst, src

Test Complement Under Mask

TCMX

dst, src

Test Complement Under Mask using Extended Addressing

dst, src

Test Under Mask

TMX

dst, src

Test Under Mask using Extended Addressing

Table 96. Block Transfer Instructions

Mnemonic Operands

Instruction

LDCI

dst, src

Load Constant to/from Program Memory and Auto-Increment Addresses

LDEI

dst, src

Load External Data to/from Data Memory and Auto-Increment Addresses

Table 97. CPU Control Instructions

Mnemonic

Operands

Instruction

CCF

Complement Carry Flag

Disable Interrupts

Enable Interrupts

HALT

Halt Mode

NOP

No Operation

RCF

Reset Carry Flag

SCF

Set Carry Flag

SRP

src

Set Register Pointer

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STOP

STOP Mode

WDT

Watch-Dog Timer Refresh

Table 98. Load Instructions

Mnemonic Operands Instruction

CLR

dst

Clear

dst, src

Load

LDC

dst, src

Load Constant to/from Program Memory

LDCI

dst, src

Load Constant to/from Program Memory and Auto-Increment
Addresses

LDE

dst, src

Load External Data to/from Data Memory

LDEI

dst, src

Load External Data to/from Data Memory and Auto-Increment
Addresses

LDX

dst, src

Load using Extended Addressing

LEA

dst, X(src) Load Effective Address

POP

dst

Pop

POPX

dst

Pop using Extended Addressing

PUSH

src

Push

PUSHX

src

Push using Extended Addressing

Table 99. Logical Instructions

Mnemonic Operands Instruction

AND

dst, src

Logical AND

ANDX

dst, src

Logical AND using Extended Addressing

COM

dst

Complement

dst, src

Logical OR

ORX

dst, src

Logical OR using Extended Addressing

XOR

dst, src

Logical Exclusive OR

XORX

dst, src

Logical Exclusive OR using Extended Addressing

Table 97. CPU Control Instructions

Mnemonic

Operands

Instruction

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Table 100. Program Control Instructions

Mnemonic

Operands

Instruction

BRK

On-Chip Debugger Break

BTJ

p, bit, src, DA Bit Test and Jump

BTJNZ

bit, src, DA

Bit Test and Jump if Non-Zero

BTJZ

bit, src, DA

Bit Test and Jump if Zero

CALL

dst

Call Procedure

DJNZ

dst, src, RA

Decrement and Jump Non-Zero

IRET

Interrupt Return

dst

Jump

JP cc

dst

Jump Conditional

Jump Relative

JR cc

Jump Relative Conditional

RET

Return

TRAP

vector

Software Trap

Table 101. Rotate and Shift Instructions

Mnemonic

Operands

Instruction

BSWAP

dst

Bit Swap

dst

Rotate Left

RLC

dst

Rotate Left through Carry

dst

Rotate Right

RRC

dst

Rotate Right through Carry

SRA

dst

Shift Right Arithmetic

SRL

dst

Shift Right Logical

SWAP

dst

Swap Nibbles

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eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary

Table 102 summarizes the eZ8 CPU instructions. The table identifies the addressing
modes employed by the instruction, the effect upon the Flags register, the number of CPU
clock cycles required for the instruction fetch, and the number of CPU clock cycles
required for the instruction execution.

Table 102. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary

Assembly
Mnemonic

Symbolic Operation

Address Mode

Opcode(s)

(Hex)

Flags

Fetch

Cycles

Instr.

Cycles

dst

src

C Z S V D

ADC dst, src

dst

dst + src + C

ADCX dst, src

dst

dst + src + C

ADD dst, src

dst

dst + src

ADDX dst, src

dst

dst + src

AND dst, src

dst

dst AND src

Flags Notation:

* = Value is a function of the result of the operation.
= Unaffected
X = Undefined

0 = Reset to 0
1 = Set to 1

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ANDX dst, src

dst

dst AND src

BCLR bit, dst

dst[bit]

BIT p, bit, dst

dst[bit]

BRK

Debugger Break

BSET bit, dst

dst[bit]

BSWAP dst

dst[7:0]

dst[0:7]

BTJ p, bit, src, dst if src[bit] = p

PC + X

BTJNZ bit, src, dst if src[bit] = 1

PC + X

BTJZ bit, src, dst

if src[bit] = 0
PC

PC + X

CALL dst

SP -2

@SP

dst

IRR

CCF

CLR dst

dst

00H

COM dst

dst

~dst

CP dst, src

dst - src

Table 102. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued)

Assembly
Mnemonic

Symbolic Operation

Address Mode

Opcode(s)

(Hex)

Flags

Fetch

Cycles

Instr.

Cycles

dst

src

C Z S V D

Flags Notation:

* = Value is a function of the result of the operation.
= Unaffected
X = Undefined

0 = Reset to 0
1 = Set to 1

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CPC dst, src

dst - src - C

1F A2

1F A3

1F A4

1F A5

1F A6

1F A7

CPCX dst, src

dst - src - C

1F A8

1F A9

CPX dst, src

dst - src

DA dst

dst

DA(dst)

DEC dst

dst

dst - 1

DECW dst

dst

dst - 1

IRR

IRQCTL[7]

DJNZ dst, RA

dst

dst 1

if dst

PC + X

0A-FA

IRQCTL[7]

HALT

Halt Mode

INC dst

dst

dst + 1

0E-FE

INCW dst

dst

dst + 1

IRR

Table 102. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued)

Assembly
Mnemonic

Symbolic Operation

Address Mode

Opcode(s)

(Hex)

Flags

Fetch

Cycles

Instr.

Cycles

dst

src

C Z S V D

Flags Notation:

* = Value is a function of the result of the operation.
= Unaffected
X = Undefined

0 = Reset to 0
1 = Set to 1

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IRET

FLAGS

@SP

SP + 1

@SP

SP + 2

IRQCTL[7]

JP dst

dst

IRR

JP cc, dst

if cc is true
PC

dst

0D-FD

JR dst

PC + X

JR cc, dst

if cc is true
PC

PC + X

0B-FB

LD dst, rc

dst

src

0C-FC

X(r)

LDC dst, src

dst

src

Irr

LDCI dst, src

dst

src

r + 1

rr + 1

Irr

LDE dst, src

dst

src

Irr

Table 102. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued)

Assembly
Mnemonic

Symbolic Operation

Address Mode

Opcode(s)

(Hex)

Flags

Fetch

Cycles

Instr.

Cycles

dst

src

C Z S V D

Flags Notation:

* = Value is a function of the result of the operation.
= Unaffected
X = Undefined

0 = Reset to 0
1 = Set to 1

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LDEI dst, src

dst

src

r + 1

rr + 1

Irr

LDX dst, src

dst

src

IRR

X(rr)

IRR

LEA dst, X(src)

dst

src + X

X(r)

X(rr)

MULT dst

dst[15:0]

dst[15:8] * dst[7:0]

NOP

No operation

OR dst, src

dst

dst OR src

ORX dst, src

dst

dst OR src

Table 102. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued)

Assembly
Mnemonic

Symbolic Operation

Address Mode

Opcode(s)

(Hex)

Flags

Fetch

Cycles

Instr.

Cycles

dst

src

C Z S V D

Flags Notation:

* = Value is a function of the result of the operation.
= Unaffected
X = Undefined

0 = Reset to 0
1 = Set to 1

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POP dst

dst

@SP

SP + 1

POPX dst

dst

@SP

SP + 1

PUSH src

SP 1

@SP

src

PUSHX src

SP 1

@SP

src

RCF

RET

@SP

SP + 2

RL dst

RLC dst

RR dst

RRC dst

SBC dst, src

dst

dst src - C

Table 102. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued)

Assembly
Mnemonic

Symbolic Operation

Address Mode

Opcode(s)

(Hex)

Flags

Fetch

Cycles

Instr.

Cycles

dst

src

C Z S V D

Flags Notation:

* = Value is a function of the result of the operation.
= Unaffected
X = Undefined

0 = Reset to 0
1 = Set to 1

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

dst

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

dst

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

dst

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

dst

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SBCX dst, src

dst

dst src - C

SCF

SRA dst

SRL dst

1F C0

1F C1

SRP src

src

STOP

STOP Mode

SUB dst, src

dst

dst src

SUBX dst, src

dst

dst src

SWAP dst

dst[7:4]

dst[3:0]

TCM dst, src

(NOT dst) AND src

TCMX dst, src

(NOT dst) AND src

Table 102. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued)

Assembly
Mnemonic

Symbolic Operation

Address Mode

Opcode(s)

(Hex)

Flags

Fetch

Cycles

Instr.

Cycles

dst

src

C Z S V D

Flags Notation:

* = Value is a function of the result of the operation.
= Unaffected
X = Undefined

0 = Reset to 0
1 = Set to 1

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

dst

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

dst

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TM dst, src

dst AND src

TMX dst, src

dst AND src

TRAP Vector

SP 2

@SP

SP 1

@SP

FLAGS

@Vector

Vector

WDT

XOR dst, src

dst

dst XOR src

XORX dst, src

dst

dst XOR src

Table 102. eZ8 CPU Instruction Summary (Continued)

Assembly
Mnemonic

Symbolic Operation

Address Mode

Opcode(s)

(Hex)

Flags

Fetch

Cycles

Instr.

Cycles

dst

src

C Z S V D

Flags Notation:

* = Value is a function of the result of the operation.
= Unaffected
X = Undefined

0 = Reset to 0
1 = Set to 1

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Opcode

Maps

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

165

Figure 27.First Opcode Map

3.3

R2,R1

3.4

IR2,R1

2.3

r1,r2

2.4

r1,Ir2

CPX

4.3

ER2,ER1

CPX

4.3

IM,ER1

3.3

R1,IM

3.4

IR1,IM

RRC

2.2

RRC

2.3

IR1

Lower Nibble (Hex)

per

Nibble (

)

BRK

1.1

SRP

2.2

ADD

2.3

r1,r2

ADD

2.4

r1,Ir2

ADD

3.3

R2,R1

ADD

3.4

IR2,R1

ADD

3.3

R1,IM

ADD

3.4

IR1,IM

ADDX

4.3

ER2,ER1

ADDX

4.3

IM,ER1

DJNZ

2.3

r1,X

2.2

cc,X

2.2

r1,IM

3.2

cc,DA

INC

1.2

NOP

1.2

RLC

2.2

RLC

2.3

IR1

ADC

2.3

r1,r2

ADC

2.4

r1,Ir2

ADC

3.3

R2,R1

ADC

3.4

IR2,R1

ADC

3.3

R1,IM

ADC

3.4

IR1,IM

ADCX

4.3

ER2,ER1

ADCX

4.3

IM,ER1

INC

2.2

INC

2.3

IR1

SUB

2.3

r1,r2

SUB

2.4

r1,Ir2

SUB

3.3

R2,R1

SUB

3.4

IR2,R1

SUB

3.3

R1,IM

SUB

3.4

IR1,IM

SUBX

4.3

ER2,ER1

SUBX

4.3

IM,ER1

DEC

2.2

DEC

2.3

IR1

SBC

2.3

r1,r2

SBC

2.4

r1,Ir2

SBC

3.3

R2,R1

SBC

3.4

IR2,R1

SBC

3.3

R1,IM

SBC

3.4

IR1,IM

SBCX

4.3

ER2,ER1

SBCX

4.3

IM,ER1

2.2

2.3

IR1

2.3

r1,r2

2.4

r1,Ir2

3.3

R2,R1

3.4

IR2,R1

3.3

R1,IM

3.4

IR1,IM

ORX

4.3

ER2,ER1

ORX

4.3

IM,ER1

POP

2.2

POP

2.3

IR1

AND

2.3

r1,r2

AND

2.4

r1,Ir2

AND

3.3

R2,R1

AND

3.4

IR2,R1

AND

3.3

R1,IM

AND

3.4

IR1,IM

ANDX

4.3

ER2,ER1

ANDX

4.3

IM,ER1

COM

2.2

COM

2.3

IR1

TCM

2.3

r1,r2

TCM

2.4

r1,Ir2

TCM

3.3

R2,R1

TCM

3.4

IR2,R1

TCM

3.3

R1,IM

TCM

3.4

IR1,IM

TCMX

4.3

ER2,ER1

TCMX

4.3

IM,ER1

PUSH

2.2

PUSH

2.3

IR2

2.3

r1,r2

2.4

r1,Ir2

3.3

R2,R1

3.4

IR2,R1

3.3

R1,IM

3.4

IR1,IM

TMX

4.3

ER2,ER1

TMX

4.3

IM,ER1

DECW

2.5

RR1

DECW

2.6

IRR1

LDE

2.5

r1,Irr2

LDEI

2.9

Ir1,Irr2

LDX

3.2

r1,ER2

LDX

3.3

Ir1,ER2

LDX

3.4

IRR2,R1

LDX

3.5

IRR2,IR1

LDX

3.4

r1,rr2,X

LDX

3.4

rr1,r2,X

2.2

2.3

IR1

LDE

2.5

r2,Irr1

LDEI

2.9

Ir2,Irr1

LDX

3.2

r2,ER1

LDX

3.3

Ir2,ER1

LDX

3.4

R2,IRR1

LDX

3.5

IR2,IRR1

LEA

3.3

r1,r2,X

LEA

3.5

rr1,rr2,X

INCW

2.5

RR1

INCW

2.6

IRR1

CLR

2.2

CLR

2.3

IR1

XOR

2.3

r1,r2

XOR

2.4

r1,Ir2

XOR

3.3

R2,R1

XOR

3.4

IR2,R1

XOR

3.3

R1,IM

XOR

3.4

IR1,IM

XORX

4.3

ER2,ER1

XORX

4.3

IM,ER1

LDC

2.5

r1,Irr2

LDCI

2.9

Ir1,Irr2

LDC

2.5

r2,Irr1

LDCI

2.9

Ir2,Irr1

2.3

IRR1

LDC

2.9

Ir1,Irr2

3.4

r1,r2,X

PUSHX

3.2

ER2

SRA

2.2

SRA

2.3

IR1

POPX

3.2

ER1

3.4

r2,r1,X

CALL

2.6

IRR1

BSWAP

2.2

CALL

3.3

3.2

R2,R1

3.3

IR2,R1

BIT

2.2

p,b,r1

2.3

r1,Ir2

LDX

4.2

ER2,ER1

LDX

4.2

IM,ER1

3.2

R1,IM

3.3

IR1,IM

2.2

2.3

IR1

MULT

2.8

RR1

3.3

R2,IR1

TRAP

2.6

Vector

2.3

Ir1,r2

BTJ

3.3

p,b,r1,X

BTJ

3.4

p,b,Ir1,X

SWAP

2.2

SWAP

2.3

IR1

RCF

1.2

WDT

1.2

STOP

1.2

HALT

1.2

RET

1.4

IRET

1.5

SCF

1.2

CCF

1.2

Opcode

See 2nd

Map

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Electrical

Characteristics

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

167

Electrical Characteristics

The data in this chapter is pre-qualification and pre-characterization and is subject to
change. Additional electrical characteristics may be found in the individual chapters.

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Stresses greater than those listed in Table 104 may cause permanent damage to the device.
These ratings are stress ratings only. Operation of the device at any condition outside those
indicated in the operational sections of these specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
For improved reliability, tie unused inputs to one of the supply voltages (V

or V

Table 104. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter

Minimum Maximum

Units

Notes

Ambient temperature under bias

+105

°C

Storage temperature

-65

+150

°C

Voltage on any pin with respect to V

-0.3

+5.5

Voltage on V

pin with respect to V

-0.3

+3.6

Maximum current on input and/or inactive output pin

-5

µA

Maximum output current from active output pin

-25

+25

8-pin Packages Maximum Ratings at 0°C to 70°C

Total power dissipation

220

Maximum current into V

or out of V

20-pin Packages Maximum Ratings at 0°C to 70°C

Total power dissipation

430

Maximum current into V

or out of V

120

28-pin Packages Maximum Ratings at 0°C to 70°C

Total power dissipation

450

Maximum current into V

or out of V

125

Operating temperature is specified in DC Characteristics

1. This voltage applies to all pins except the following: V

, AV

, and pins supporting analog input (Port B[5:0],

Port C[2:0]). On the 8-pin packages, this applies to all pins but V

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Electrical

Characteristics

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Product Specification

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DC Characteristics

Table 105 lists the DC characteristics of the 4K Series products. All voltages are refer-
enced to V

, the primary system ground.

Table 105. DC Characteristics

Symbol Parameter

= -40°C to +105°C

Units Conditions

Minimum Typical Maximum

Supply Voltage

2.7

3.6

IL1

Low Level Input Voltage

-0.3

0.3*V

For all input pins except RESET.

IL2

Low Level Input Voltage

-0.3

0.8

For RESET.

IH1

High Level Input Voltage

2.0

5.5

For all input pins without analog
or oscillator function. For all
signal pins on the 8-pin devices.

IH2

High Level Input Voltage

2.0

+0.3

For those pins with analog or
oscillator function.

OL1

Low Level Output
Voltage

0.4

= 2mA; V

= 3.0V

High Output Drive disabled.

OH1

High Level Output
Voltage

2.4

= -2mA; V

= 3.0V

High Output Drive disabled.

OL2

Low Level Output
Voltage

0.6

= 20mA; V

= 3.3V

High Output Drive enabled.

OH2

High Level Output
Voltage

2.4

= -20mA; V

= 3.3V

High Output Drive enabled.

Input Leakage Current

-5

A V

= 3.6V;

= V

or VSS

Tristate Leakage Current

-5

A V

= 3.6V

PAD

GPIO Port Pad
Capacitance

8.0

TBD

XIN

XIN Pad Capacitance

8.0

TBD

XOUT

XOUT Pad Capacitance

9.5

TBD

Weak Pull-up Current

100

350

A V

= 3.0 - 3.6V

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AC Characteristics

The section provides information about the AC characteristics and timing. All AC timing
information assumes a standard load of 50pF on all outputs.

Table 106. AC Characteristics

Symbol Parameter

= 2.7 to 3.6V

= -40°C to

+105°C

Units Conditions

Minimu

Maximu

SYSCLK

System Clock Frequency

20.0

MHz

Read-only from Flash memory

0.032768

20.0

MHz

Program or erasure of the
Flash memory

IPO

Internal Precision Oscillator
Frequency

0.032768 5.5296

MHz

Oscillator is not adjustable over
the entire range. User may
select Min or Max value only.

IPO

Internal Precision Oscillator
Frequency

4.8

5.2

MHz

High speed with trimming

IPO

Internal Precision Oscillator
Frequency

3.75

6.25

MHz

High speed without trimming

IPO

Internal Precision Oscillator
Frequency

30.7

33.3

KHz

Low speed with trimming

IPO

Internal Precision Oscillator
Frequency

KHz

Low speed without trimming

XIN

System Clock Period

CLK

= 1/F

sysclk

XINH

System Clock High Time

CLK

= 50ns

XINL

System Clock Low Time

CLK

= 50ns

XINR

System Clock Rise Time

CLK

= 50ns

XINF

System Clock Fall Time

CLK

= 50ns

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Electrical

Characteristics

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4K Series

Product Specification

171

On-Chip Peripheral AC and DC Electrical Characteristics

Table 107. Power-On Reset and Voltage Brown-Out Electrical Characteristics and Timing

Symb
ol

Parameter

= -40°C to +105°C

Units Conditions

Minimu

Typical

Maximum

POR

Power-On Reset Voltage
Threshold

2.20

2.45

2.70

= V

POR

(default VBO

trim)

VBO

Voltage Brown-Out
Reset Voltage Threshold

2.15

2.40

2.65

= V

VBO

(default VBO

trim)

POR

to V

VBO

hysteresis

Starting V

voltage to

ensure valid Power-On
Reset.

ANA

Power-On Reset Analog
Delay

> V

POR

; T

POR

Digital

Reset delay follows T

ANA

POR

Power-On Reset Digital
Delay

TBD

43 Internal Precision
Oscillator cycles

POR

Power-On Reset Digital
Delay

TBD

5000 Internal Precision
Oscillator cycles

VBO

Voltage Brown-Out
Pulse Rejection Period

µs

< V

VBO

to generate a

Reset.

RAMP

Time for V

to transition

from V

to V

POR

ensure valid Reset

0.10

100

1 Data in the typical column is from characterization at 3.3V and 0°C. These values are provided for
design guidance only and are not tested in production.

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Electrical

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Product Specification

172

Table 108. Flash Memory Electrical Characteristics and Timing

Parameter

= 2.7 to 3.6V

= -40°C to +105°C

Units Notes

Minimu

Typical Maximum

Flash Byte Read Time

100

Flash Byte Program Time

Flash Page Erase Time

Flash Mass Erase Time

200

Writes to Single Address
Before Next Erase

Flash Row Program Time

Cumulative program time for
single row cannot exceed limit
before next erase. This
parameter is only an issue
when bypassing the Flash
Controller.

Data Retention

100

years 25°C

Endurance

20,000

cycles Program / erase cycles

Table 109. Watch-Dog Timer Electrical Characteristics and Timing

Symbol Parameter

= 2.7 - 3.6V

= -40°C to +105°C

Units Conditions

Minimu

Typical Maximum

WDT

WDT Oscillator Frequency

KHz

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General Purpose I/O Port Input Data Sample Timing

Figure 30 illustrates timing of the GPIO Port input sampling. The input value on a GPIO
Port pin is sampled on the rising edge of the system clock. The Port value is available to
the eZ8 CPU on the second rising clock edge following the change of the Port value.

Table 110. Analog-to-Digital Converter Electrical Characteristics and Timing

Symbol Parameter

= 2.7 to 3.6V

= -40°C to +105°C

Units Conditions

Minimu

Typical

Maximum

Resolution

bits

External V

REF

= 3.0V;

3.0K

Differential Nonlinearity
(DNL)

-1.0

1.0

LSB

External V

REF

= 3.0V;

3.0K

Integral Nonlinearity (INL)

-3.0

3.0

LSB

External V

REF

= 3.0V;

3.0K

DC Offset Error (single-
ended)

-35

Unbuffered Mode

REF

Internal Reference Voltage

0.9
1.8
2.0

1.0
2.0
2.2

1.1
2.2
2.4

REFSEL=00
REFSEL=01
REFSEL=10

Single-Shot Conversion
Time

5129

cycles System clock cycles

Continuous Conversion
Time

256

cycles System clock cycles

Sampling Rate

System Clock /256

Signal Input Bandwidth

KHz

As defined by -3dB
point

Analog Source Impedance

In unbuffered mode

Zin

Input Impedance

TBD

150

In unbuffered mode

Vin

Input Voltage Range

Unbuffered Mode

Analog source impedance affects the ADC offset voltage (because of pin leakage) and input settling

time.

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Product Specification

177

UART Timing

Figure 33 and Table 114 provide timing information for UART pins for the case where
CTS is used for flow control. The CTS to DE assertion delay (T1) assumes the transmit
data register has been loaded with data prior to CTS assertion.

Figure 33.UART Timing With CTS

Table 114. UART Timing With CTS

Parameter

Abbreviation

Delay (ns)

Minimum

Maximum

UART

CTS Fall to DE output delay

2 * XIN
period

2 * XIN period
+ 1 bit time

DE assertion to TXD falling edge (start bit) delay ± 5

End of Stop Bit(s) to DE deassertion delay

± 5

CTS

(Output)

TXD

(Output)

(Input)

start

bit 0

bit 1

bit 7

parity

stop

end of

stop bit(s)

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Figure 34 and Table 115 provide timing information for UART pins for the case where
CTS is not used for flow control. DE asserts after the transmit data register has been writ-
ten. DE remains asserted for multiple characters as long as the transmit data register is
written with the next character before the current character has completed.

Figure 34.UART Timing Without CTS

Table 115. UART Timing Without CTS

Parameter

Abbreviation

Delay (ns)

Minimum

Maximum

UART

DE assertion to TXD falling edge (start bit) delay

1 * XIN
period

1 bit time

End of Stop Bit(s) to DE deassertion delay (Tx
data register is empty)

± 5

(Output)

TXD

(Output)

start

bit0

bit 1

bit 7

parity

stop

end of

stop bit(s)

PS024302-0904

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4K Series

Product Specification

185

Ordering Information

Part Num

Flas

O Li

nes

Interrupt

16-Bit T

i
mers

PWM

10-Bit A/

D C

annels

RT with IrDA

Desc

ription

Z8 Encore!

with 4KB Flash, 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter

Standard Temperature: 0° to 70°C

Z8F0423PB005SC

4KB

1KB

2 4 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0423SB005SC

4KB

1KB

2 4 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0423SH005SC

4KB

1KB

2 7 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0423HH005SC

4KB

1KB

2 7 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0423PH005SC

4KB

1KB

2 7 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0423SJ005SC

4KB

1KB

2 8 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0423HJ005SC

4KB

1KB

2 8 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0423PJ005SC

4KB

1KB

2 8 1 PDIP 28-pin package

Extended Temperature: -40° to 105°C

Z8F0423PB005EC

4KB

1KB

2 4 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0423SB005EC

4KB

1KB

2 4 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0423SH005EC

4KB

1KB

2 7 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0423HH005EC

4KB

1KB

2 7 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0423PH005EC

4KB

1KB

2 7 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0423SJ005EC

4KB

1KB

2 8 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0423HJ005EC

4KB

1KB

2 8 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0423PJ005EC

4KB

1KB

2 8 1 PDIP 28-pin package

PS024302-0904

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Product Specification

186

Z8 Encore!

with 4KB Flash

Standard Temperature: 0° to 70°C

Z8F0413PB005SC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0413SB005SC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0413SH005SC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0413HH005SC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0413PH005SC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0413SJ005SC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0413HJ005SC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0413PJ005SC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 PDIP 28-pin package

Extended Temperature: -40° to 105°C

Z8F0413PB005EC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0413SB005EC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0413SH005EC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0413HH005EC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0413PH005EC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0413SJ005EC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0413HJ005EC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0413PJ005EC

4KB

1KB

2 0 1 PDIP 28-pin package

a
rt Number

Fla

O Li

Int

r
r
upt

16-Bit T

i
mers

w/PWM

10-Bit A/D Channels

ART with IrDA

scr

tion

PS024302-0904

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Information

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Product Specification

187

Z8 Encore!

with 2KB Flash, 10-Bit analog-to-Digital Converter

Standard Temperature: 0° to 70°C

Z8F0223PB005SC

2KB

512B

2 4 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0223SB005SC

2KB

512B

2 4 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0223SH005SC

2KB

512B

2 7 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0223HH005SC

2KB

512B

2 7 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0223PH005SC

2KB

512B

2 7 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0223SJ005SC

2KB

512B

2 8 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0223HJ005SC

2KB

512B

2 8 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0223PJ005SC

2KB

512B

2 8 1 PDIP 28-pin package

Extended Temperature: -40° to 105°C

Z8F0223PB005EC

2KB

512B

2 4 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0223SB005EC

2KB

512B

2 4 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0223SH005EC

2KB

512B

2 7 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0223HH005EC

2KB

512B

2 7 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0223PH005EC

2KB

512B

2 7 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0223SJ005EC

2KB

512B

2 8 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0223HJ005EC

2KB

512B

2 8 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0223PJ005EC

2KB

512B

2 8 1 PDIP 28-pin package

a
rt Number

Fla

O Li

Int

r
r
upt

16-Bit T

i
mers

w/PWM

10-Bit A/D Channels

ART with IrDA

scr

tion

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Ordering

Information

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4K Series

Product Specification

188

Z8 Encore!

with 2KB Flash

Standard Temperature: 0° to 70°C

Z8F0213PB005SC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0213SB005SC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0213SH005SC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0213HH005SC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0213PH005SC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0213SJ005SC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0213HJ005SC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0213PJ005SC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 PDIP 28-pin package

Extended Temperature: -40° to 105°C

Z8F0213PB005EC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0213SB005EC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0213SH005EC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0213HH005EC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0213PH005EC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0213SJ005EC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0213HJ005EC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0213PJ005EC

2KB

512B

2 0 1 PDIP 28-pin package

a
rt Number

Fla

O Li

Int

r
r
upt

16-Bit T

i
mers

w/PWM

10-Bit A/D Channels

ART with IrDA

scr

tion

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Ordering

Information

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

189

Z8 Encore!

with 1KB Flash, 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter

Standard Temperature: 0° to 70°C

Z8F0123PB005SC

1KB

256B

2 4 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0123SB005SC

1KB

256B

2 4 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0123SH005SC

1KB

256B

2 7 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0123HH005SC

1KB

256B

2 7 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0123PH005SC

1KB

256B

2 7 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0123SJ005SC

1KB

256B

2 8 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0123HJ005SC

1KB

256B

2 8 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0123PJ005SC

1KB

256B

2 8 1 PDIP 28-pin package

Extended Temperature: -40° to 105°C

Z8F0123PB005EC

1KB

256B

2 4 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0123SB005EC

1KB

256B

2 4 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0123SH005EC

1KB

256B

2 7 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0123HH005EC

1KB

256B

2 7 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0123PH005EC

1KB

256B

2 7 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0123SJ005EC

1KB

256B

2 8 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0123HJ005EC

1KB

256B

2 8 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0123PJ005EC

1KB

256B

2 8 1 PDIP 28-pin package

a
rt Number

Fla

O Li

Int

r
r
upt

16-Bit T

i
mers

w/PWM

10-Bit A/D Channels

ART with IrDA

scr

tion

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Ordering

Information

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

190

Z8 Encore!

with 1KB Flash

Standard Temperature: 0° to 70°C

Z8F0113PB005SC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0113SB005SC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0113SH005SC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0113HH005SC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0113PH005SC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0113SJ005SC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0113HJ005SC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0113PJ005SC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 PDIP 28-pin package

Extended Temperature: -40° to 105°C

Z8F0113PB005EC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 PDIP 8-pin package

Z8F0113SB005EC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SOIC 8-pin package

Z8F0113SH005EC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SOIC 20-pin package

Z8F0113HH005EC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SSOP 20-pin package

Z8F0113PH005EC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 PDIP 20-pin package

Z8F0113SJ005EC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SOIC 28-pin package

Z8F0113HJ005EC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 SSOP 28-pin package

Z8F0113PJ005EC

1KB

256B

2 0 1 PDIP 28-pin package

Z8F04328100KIT

Development Kit

a
rt Number

Fla

O Li

Int

r
r
upt

16-Bit T

i
mers

w/PWM

10-Bit A/D Channels

ART with IrDA

scr

tion

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Ordering

Information

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

192

Precharacterization Product

The product represented by this document is newly introduced and ZiLOG has not com-
pleted the full characterization of the product. The document states what ZiLOG knows
about this product at this time, but additional features or nonconformance with some
aspects of the document might be found, either by ZiLOG or its customers in the course of
further application and characterization work. In addition, ZiLOG cautions that delivery
might be uncertain at times, because of start-up yield issues.

ZiLOG, Inc.
532 Race Street
San Jose, CA 95126
Telephone (408) 558-8500
FAX 408 558-8300
Internet:

www.zilog.com

Customer Support

For valuable information about downloading other relevant documents or for hardware
and software development tools, visit the ZiLOG web site at

www.zilog.com

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Index

195

Index

Symbols

# 150
% 150
@ 150

Numerics

10-bit ADC 4
40-lead plastic dual-inline package 184

absolute maximum ratings 167
AC characteristics 170
ADC 151

architecture 107
automatic power-down 108
block diagram 108
continuous conversion 110
control register 111, 112
control register definitions 111
data high byte register 113
data low bits register 113
electrical characteristics and timing 173
operation 108
single-shot conversion 109

ADCCTL register 111, 112
ADCDH register 113
ADCDL register 113
ADCX 151
ADD 151
add - extended addressing 151
add with carry 151
add with carry - extended addressing 151
additional symbols 150
address space 13
ADDX 151
analog signals 9
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 107
AND 153

ANDX 153
arithmetic instructions 151
assembly language programming 147
assembly language syntax 148

B 150
b 149
baud rate generator, UART 94
BCLR 152
binary number suffix 150
BIT 152
bit 149

clear 152
manipulation instructions 152
set 152
set or clear 152
swap 152
test and jump 154
test and jump if non-zero 154
test and jump if zero 154

bit jump and test if non-zero 154
bit swap 154
block diagram 2
block transfer instructions 152
BRK 154
BSET 152
BSWAP 152, 154
BTJ 154
BTJNZ 154
BTJZ 154

CALL procedure 154
capture mode 76, 77
capture/compare mode 76
cc 149
CCF 152
characteristics, electrical 167
clear 153
CLR 153
COM 153

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Index

196

compare 76
compare - extended addressing 151
compare mode 76
compare with carry 151
compare with carry - extended addressing 151
complement 153
complement carry flag 152
condition code 149
continuous conversion (ADC) 110
continuous mode 76
control register definition, UART 95
Control Registers 13, 16
counter modes 76
CP 151
CPC 151
CPCX 151
CPU and peripheral overview 4
CPU control instructions 152
CPX 151
Customer Feedback Form 193
Customer Information 193

DA 149, 151
data memory 15
DC characteristics 168
debugger, on-chip 131
DEC 151
decimal adjust 151
decrement 151
decrement and jump non-zero 154
decrement word 151
DECW 151
destination operand 150
device, port availability 31
DI 152
direct address 149
disable interrupts 152
DJNZ 154
dst 150

EI 152
electrical characteristics 167

ADC 173
flash memory and timing 172
GPIO input data sample timing 173
watch-dog timer 172

enable interrupt 152
ER 149
extended addressing register 149
external pin reset 24
eZ8 CPU features 4
eZ8 CPU instruction classes 150
eZ8 CPU instruction notation 148
eZ8 CPU instruction set 147
eZ8 CPU instruction summary 155

FCTL register 122, 127
features, Z8 Encore! 1
first opcode map 165
FLAGS 150
flags register 150
flash

controller 4
option bit address space 128
option bit configuration - reset 126
program memory address 0000H 128
program memory address 0001H 129

flash memory 115

arrangement 116
byte programming 121
code protection 119
configurations 115
control register definitions 122, 127
controller bypass 122
electrical characteristics and timing 172
flash control register 122, 127
flash option bits 120
flash status register 123
flow chart 118
frequency high and low byte registers 125
mass erase 121

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Index

197

operation 117
operation timing 119
page erase 121
page select register 123, 124

FPS register 123, 124
FSTAT register 123

gated mode 76
general-purpose I/O 31
GPIO 4, 31

alternate functions 32
architecture 32
control register definitions 38
input data sample timing 173
interrupts 38
port A-C pull-up enable sub-registers 43,
44
port A-H address registers 39
port A-H alternate function sub-registers 40
port A-H control registers 39
port A-H data direction sub-registers 40
port A-H high drive enable sub-registers 42
port A-H input data registers 44
port A-H output control sub-registers 41
port A-H output data registers 45
port A-H stop mode recovery sub-registers
42
port availability by device 31
port input timing 174
port output timing 175

H 150
HALT 152
halt mode 29, 152
hexadecimal number prefix/suffix 150

I2C 4
IM 149

immediate data 149
immediate operand prefix 150
INC 151
increment 151
increment word 151
INCW 151
indexed 149
indirect address prefix 150
indirect register 149
indirect register pair 149
indirect working register 149
indirect working register pair 149
infrared encoder/decoder (IrDA) 103
Instruction Set 147
instruction set, ez8 CPU 147
instructions

ADC 151
ADCX 151
ADD 151
ADDX 151
AND 153
ANDX 153
arithmetic 151
BCLR 152
BIT 152
bit manipulation 152
block transfer 152
BRK 154
BSET 152
BSWAP 152, 154
BTJ 154
BTJNZ 154
BTJZ 154
CALL 154
CCF 152
CLR 153
COM 153
CP 151
CPC 151
CPCX 151
CPU control 152
CPX 151
DA 151
DEC 151

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Index

198

DECW 151
DI 152
DJNZ 154
EI 152
HALT 152
INC 151
INCW 151
IRET 154
JP 154
LD 153
LDC 153
LDCI 152, 153
LDE 153
LDEI 152
LDX 153
LEA 153
load 153
logical 153
MULT 151
NOP 152
OR 153
ORX 153
POP 153
POPX 153
program control 154
PUSH 153
PUSHX 153
RCF 152
RET 154
RL 154
RLC 154
rotate and shift 154
RR 154
RRC 154
SBC 151
SCF 152
SRA 154
SRL 154
SRP 152
STOP 153
SUB 151
SUBX 151
SWAP 154
TCM 152

TCMX 152
TM 152
TMX 152
TRAP 154
watch-dog timer refresh 153
XOR 153
XORX 153

instructions, eZ8 classes of 150
interrupt control register 56
interrupt controller 46

architecture 46
interrupt assertion types 49
interrupt vectors and priority 49
operation 48
register definitions 50
software interrupt assertion 50

interrupt edge select register 56
interrupt request 0 register 50
interrupt request 1 register 51
interrupt request 2 register 52
interrupt return 154
interrupt vector listing 46
interrupts

UART 92

IR 149
Ir 149
IrDA

architecture 103
block diagram 103
control register definitions 106
operation 103
receiving data 105
transmitting data 104

IRET 154
IRQ0 enable high and low bit registers 52
IRQ1 enable high and low bit registers 54
IRQ2 enable high and low bit registers 55
IRR 149
Irr 149

JP 154
jump, conditional, relative, and relative condi-

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Index

199

tional 154

LD 153
LDC 153
LDCI 152, 153
LDE 153
LDEI 152, 153
LDX 153
LEA 153
load 153
load constant 152
load constant to/from program memory 153
load constant with auto-increment addresses
153
load effective address 153
load external data 153
load external data to/from data memory and
auto-increment addresses 152
load external to/from data memory and auto-in-
crement addresses 153
load instructions 153
load using extended addressing 153
logical AND 153
logical AND/extended addressing 153
logical exclusive OR 153
logical exclusive OR/extended addressing 153
logical instructions 153
logical OR 153
logical OR/extended addressing 153
low power modes 28

master interrupt enable 48
memory

data 15
program 14

mode

capture 76, 77
capture/compare 76
continuous 76
counter 76

gated 76
one-shot 75
PWM 76

modes 76
MULT 151
multiply 151
multiprocessor mode, UART 90

NOP (no operation) 152
notation

b 149
cc 149
DA 149
ER 149
IM 149
IR 149
Ir 149
IRR 149
Irr 149
p 149
R 149
r 149
RA 149
RR 149
rr 149
vector 149
X 149

notational shorthand 149

OCD

architecture 131
auto-baud detector/generator 134
baud rate limits 134
block diagram 131
breakpoints 135
commands 136
control register 140
data format 134
DBG pin to RS-232 Interface 132
debug mode 133

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Index

200

debugger break 154
interface 132
serial errors 135
status register 142
timing 176

OCD commands

execute instruction (12H) 140
read data memory (0DH) 139
read OCD control register (05H) 137
read OCD revision (00H) 137
read OCD status register (02H) 137
read program counter (07H) 138
read program memory (0BH) 139
read program memory CRC (0EH) 140
read register (09H) 138
read runtime counter (03H) 137
step instruction (10H) 140
stuff instruction (11H) 140
write data memory (0CH) 139
write OCD control register (04H) 137
write program counter (06H) 138
write program memory (0AH) 138
write register (08H) 138

on-chip debugger (OCD) 131
on-chip debugger signals 10
one-shot mode 75
opcode map

abbreviations 164
cell description 163
first 165
second after 1FH 166

Operational Description 20, 28, 31, 46, 58, 79,
84, 103, 107, 115, 126, 131, 143, 146
OR 153
ordering information 185
ORX 153

p 149
packaging

20-pin PDIP 180
20-pin SSOP 182
28-pin PDIP 183

28-pin SOIC 183
8-pin PDIP 179
8-pin SOIC 179
PDIP 184

part selection guide 2
PC 150
PDIP 184
peripheral AC and DC electrical characteristics
171
pin characteristics 10
Pin Descriptions 7
polarity 149
POP 153
pop using extended addressing 153
POPX 153
port availability, device 31
port input timing (GPIO) 174
port output timing, GPIO 175
power supply signals 10
power-down, automatic (ADC) 108
power-on and voltage brown-out electrical
characteristics and timing 171
power-on reset (POR) 22
Problem Description or Suggestion 194
Product Information 193
program control instructions 154
program counter 150
program memory 14
PUSH 153
push using extended addressing 153
PUSHX 153
PWM mode 76
PxADDR register 39
PxCTL register 40

R 149
r 149
RA

RCF 152
receive

IrDA data 105

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Index

201

receiving UART data-interrupt-driven method
89
receiving UART data-polled method 88
register 149

ADC control (ADCCTL) 111, 112
ADC data high byte (ADCDH) 113
ADC data low bits (ADCDL) 113
flash control (FCTL) 122, 127
flash high and low byte (FFREQH and
FREEQL) 125
flash page select (FPS) 123, 124
flash status (FSTAT) 123
GPIO port A-H address (PxADDR) 39
GPIO port A-H alternate function sub-regis-
ters 41
GPIO port A-H control address (PxCTL) 40
GPIO port A-H data direction sub-registers
40
OCD control 140
OCD status 142
UARTx baud rate high byte (UxBRH) 101
UARTx baud rate low byte (UxBRL) 101
UARTx Control 0 (UxCTL0) 98, 101
UARTx control 1 (UxCTL1) 99
UARTx receive data (UxRXD) 96
UARTx status 0 (UxSTAT0) 96
UARTx status 1 (UxSTAT1) 97
UARTx transmit data (UxTXD) 95
watch-dog timer control (WDTCTL) 26, 82,
144
watch-dog timer reload high byte (WDTH)
83
watch-dog timer reload low byte (WDTL)
83
watch-dog timer reload upper byte (WDTU)
83

and stop mode characteristics 20
and stop mode recovery 20
carry flag 152
sources 21

RET 154
return 154
Return Information 194
RL 154
RLC 154
rotate and shift instructions 154
rotate left 154
rotate left through carry 154
rotate right 154
rotate right through carry 154
RP 150
RR 149, 154
rr 149
RRC 154

SBC 151
SCF 152
second opcode map after 1FH 166
set carry flag 152
set register pointer 152
shift right arithmetic 154
shift right logical 154
signal descriptions 9
single-shot conversion (ADC) 109
software trap 154
source operand 150
SP 150
SRA 154
src 150
SRL 154
SRP 152
stack pointer 150
STOP 153
stop mode 28, 153
stop mode recovery

sources 24
using a GPIO port pin transition 25, 26
using watch-dog timer time-out 25

SUB 151
subtract 151
subtract - extended addressing 151
subtract with carry 151

Z8 Encore!

4K Series

Product Specification

PS024302-0904

P R E L I M I N A R Y Index

202

subtract with carry - extended addressing 151
SUBX 151
SWAP 154
swap nibbles 154
symbols, additional 150

TCM 152
TCMX 152
test complement under mask 152
test complement under mask - extended ad-
dressing 152
test under mask 152
test under mask - extended addressing 152
timer signals 9
timers 58

architecture 58
block diagram 59
capture mode 66, 67, 76, 77
capture/compare mode 70, 76
compare mode 68, 76
continuous mode 60, 76
counter mode 61, 62
counter modes 76
gated mode 69, 76
one-shot mode 59, 75
operating mode 59
PWM mode 63, 64, 76
reading the timer count values 71
reload high and low byte registers 72
timer control register definitions 72
timer output signal operation 71

timers 0-3

control registers 74, 75
high and low byte registers 72, 73

TM 152
TMX 152
tools, hardware and software 192
transmit

IrDA data 104

transmitting UART data-polled method 86
transmitting UART data-interrupt-driven meth-
od 87

TRAP 154

UART 4

architecture 84
baud rate generator 94
baud rates table 102
control register definitions 95
controller signals 9
data format 85
interrupts 92
multiprocessor mode 90
receiving data using interrupt-driven meth-
od 89
receiving data using the polled method 88
transmitting data using the interrupt-driven
method 87
transmitting data using the polled method
86
x baud rate high and low registers 101
x control 0 and control 1 registers 98
x status 0 and status 1 registers 96, 97

UxBRH register 101
UxBRL register 101
UxCTL0 register 98, 101
UxCTL1 register 99
UxRXD register 96
UxSTAT0 register 96
UxSTAT1 register 97
UxTXD register 95

vector 149
voltage brown-out reset (VBR) 22

watch-dog timer

approximate time-out delay 80
approximate time-out delays 79, 143, 146
CNTL 23
control register 82, 144

Document Outline

Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: Z8F0123PJ005EC

Document Outline

ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ‚: Z8F0123PJ005EC