i
Integrated JPEG CODEC
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The ZR36060 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The ZR36060 and the JPEG Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JPEG baseline overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
JPEG markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Motion JPEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pin Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Video Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Video Syncs - Master and Slave Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Master mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Video stream sampling and cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The PVALID control signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Video Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Horizontal down-scaling in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Vertical down-scaling in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Horizontal up-scaling in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Vertical up-scaling in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Active Area Size Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Spatial Mix of Video Streams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Host Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Interrupt Request and Associated Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Code Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Master Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Slave Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Host abort of a code read or write cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Data alignment in Code Slave mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Transition between fields in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Transition between fields in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
ZR36060 Functional States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
State Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
The SLEEP State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Loading Parameters and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Data Flow Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Data Flow in Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Data Flow in Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Compression and Decompression Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Compression Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Data Corruption during Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Statistical Compression Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Auto Two-Pass Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Tables-Only Compression Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Data Corruption during Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Power Management and Power-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Register and Memory Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
General Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
ID and Testing Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Video Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
JPEG Marker Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Absolute Maximum Ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Operating Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
AC Timing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Mechanical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
ii
January 1997
ZORAN Corporation
s
1705 Wyatt Drive
s
Santa Clara, CA 95054
s
(408) 986-1314
s
FAX (408) 986-1240
PRELMINARY
ZR36060
INTEGRATED JPEG CODEC
FEATURES
s
Single-chip JPEG processor which integrates all the mod-
ules needed for JPEG encoding and decoding:
- Raster-to-block and block-to-raster converter
- Strip buffer
- JPEG codec
s
Motion video compression and expansion capability:
- Up to 25 frames/sec, square pixel and CCIR PAL
- Up to 30 frames/sec, square pixel and CCIR NTSC
s
Three modes of Bit Rate Control (BRC):
- Auto Two Pass: for still image compression, produces
tightly controlled compressed data file size
- Single pass: for motion video compression, keeps the file
size approximately fixed
- No BRC: uses fixed quantization tables
s
Glueless interface to common video decoders (e.g., Philips,
Brooktree, Samsung, ITT, Harris)
s
Glueless interface to the ZR36057, I32 and other common
multimedia controllers.
s
Supports 8 and 16-bit YUV video interfaces
s
Supports master and slave modes of video synchronization
s
Interfaces to a variety of host controllers, ranging from the
dedicated high-performance ZR36057 PCI controller
to generic low-cost microcontrollers
s
Flexible compressed data interface:
- 8-bit master mode, supporting transfer of up to 30 Mbytes/
sec
- 16-bit slave mode, supporting transfer of up to 16.7
Mbytes/sec
- 8-bit slave mode, supporting transfer of up to 8.3 Mbytes/
sec
s
On-chip video processing, including:
- Mixing of two video sources
- Horizontal (1:2 and 1:4) and vertical (1:2) up and down
scaling
- Cropping in compression and programmable background
color in decompression
s
3.3V power supply with 5V-tolerant I/O
s
Low power consumption:
- 850 mW at 30 MHz operating frequency
- Power down mode for power saving
s
100-pin PQFP package
APPLICATIONS
s
Desktop video editing subsystems
s
PCMCIA video capture cards
s
Digital still cameras
s
Digital video recording
s
JPEG-based video conferencing systems
Video Decoder
Audio Control
Audio FIFO
Audio Codec
ZR36060
ZR36057
Video Encoder
Graphics
Sub-System
PCI Bus
Figure 1. JPEG-based video editing subsystem for PCI Systems
2
Integrated JPEG CODEC
Integrated JPEG CODEC
Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The ZR36060 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The ZR36060 and the JPEG Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JPEG baseline overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JPEG markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Motion JPEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Video Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Video Syncs - Master and Slave Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Master mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Video stream sampling and cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The PVALID control signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Video Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Horizontal down-scaling in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Vertical down-scaling in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Horizontal up-scaling in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Vertical up-scaling in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Active Area Size Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Spatial Mix of Video Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Host Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Interrupt Request and Associated Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Code Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Master Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Slave Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Host abort of a code read or write cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Data alignment in Code Slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Transition between fields in compression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Transition between fields in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
ZR36060 Functional States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
State Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The SLEEP State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Loading Parameters and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Data Flow Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Data Flow in Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Data Flow in Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Compression and Decompression Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Compression Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Data Corruption during Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Statistical Compression Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Auto Two-Pass Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tables-Only Compression Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Data Corruption during Decompression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Power Management and Power-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Register and Memory Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
General Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
ID and Testing Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Video Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
JPEG Marker Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Operating Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
AC Timing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Mechanical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3
Integrated JPEG CODEC
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The ZR36060
The ZR36060 is an integrated JPEG codec targeted to video
capture and editing applications in desktop and laptop comput-
ers. Figure 1 shows an example of a typical application, a video
editing subsystem for PCI bus computers.
The ZR36060 integrates the functionality of a JPEG codec such
as the ZR36050, a raster-to-block converter such as the
ZR36015, as well as the strip buffer SRAM for the raster-to-block
converter and additional functions. It is based on the field
proven, fully compliant Zoran JPEG device technology, and
incorporates Zoran's patented bit rate control mechanism.
In compression, the ZR36060 accepts YUV 4:2:2 digital video,
performs optional cropping and decimation, and encodes it into
a JPEG baseline compressed bitstream, which it outputs to a
host controller. In decompression, it receives the bitstream from
the host controller, decodes it back to YUV 4:2:2 format digital
video, up-scales it if required, and outputs the video to a com-
posite video encoder or other destination.
The ZR36060 incorporates hardware support for multiplexing
two video sources (in rectangular windows) in compression, or
the reconstructed video with another source in decompression.
It can operate as a video sync master or slave, with 8-bit or 16-
bit video bus widths. A pixel flow control mechanism is provided
for convenient implementation of non-real-time video rates, such
as for still picture compression.
The code interface of the ZR36060 can operate in 8-bit master,
8-bit slave or 16-bit slave modes. In slave mode, code transfer
shares the host interface, which is generic enough to be able to
interface gluelessly with a variety of host controllers, ranging
from the dedicated, high performance ZR36057 to common
microcontrollers.
The ZR36060 is a CMOS device, requiring a 3.3 Volt power
supply. Its inputs and outputs are 5 Volt tolerant. A power-down
("sleep") mode reduces current consumption to a very low level,
while preserving the logic state of the device.
A block diagram of the ZR36060 is shown in Figure 2.
1.2 The ZR36060 and the JPEG Standard
The JPEG standard, ISO/IEC 10918-1, defines a whole range of
options for compressing continuous-tone images - a baseline
lossy compression process, extended lossy processes, lossless
compression, and hierarchical compression methods. The
ZR36060 implements the baseline process.
Even the baseline method is defined by the JPEG standard to
provide maximal flexibility in choosing the color space in which
an image is compressed - an image can have an almost unlimit-
ed number of color components, and these can be compressed
in a single scan, or in multiple scans. Because its main targeted
application is motion color video compression and decompres-
sion, the architecture of the ZR36060 supports one particular
subset: Since the ZR36060 supports only the YUV 4:2:2 pixel
format, it supports three color components, in a single inter-
leaved scan.
1.2.1 JPEG baseline overview
The JPEG baseline compression method is based on the
discrete cosine transform or DCT. The DCT is performed on 8x8
blocks of samples, of each color component, resulting in a set of
64 DCT coefficients for each block. Thus, in order for a normal
raster-scanned image to be compressed, it must first be convert-
ed to block format This requires that an 8-line strip of the image
(containing 8 lines of each color component) be stored in a strip
buffer, so that the samples can be re-ordered (see Figure 2).
For subsequent stages of the compression, the 64 DCT coeffi-
cients of each block are further re-ordered by scanning the block
in a zig-zag sequence. Each of the 64 coefficients is quantized
using the appropriate value from a 64-entry quantization table. In
the ZR36060, it is possible to define three different quantization
tables, one per color component; generally, however, two tables
are used, one for the luminance component and one for the
chrominance component.
The quantized DCT coefficients are passed to a Huffman
encoder, for the final stage of the process. The Huffman coding
is performed separately for the DC coefficient of each block (the
first coefficient of the block), and the remaining 63 AC coeffi-
Video Interface
Figure 2. ZR36060 Block Diagram
VSYNC
HSYNC
FI
BLANK
PVALID
Y[7:0]
UV[7:0]
Strip Memory
JPEG CODEC
SUBIMG
POE
RTBSY
DATERR
CODE FIFO
(512 x 8 bits)
Internal
Configuration
Memory
(1K x 8 bits)
(Registers,
Markers, Tables)
Control
START
FRAME
END
EOI
COMP
SLEEP
RESET
PLL & Clocks
VCLK
VCLKx2
CODE [7:0]
CCS
COE
CWE
ADDR[1:0]
JIRQ
ACK
CODE and Host Interface
CBUSY
CS
WR
RD
DATA[7:0]
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